Gradient-Zone Erosion in Seawater Solar Ponds

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shi ◽  
R. A. Hart ◽  
S. J. Kleis ◽  
R. B. Bannerot
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Gradient Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Thermal Refuge

An experimental program has been conducted to examine the feasibility of using seawater solar ponds in mariculture operations along the Texas gulf coast to protect fish crops from the potentially lethal, cold temperatures experienced in outdoor ponds. Seawater solar ponds in the form of floating thermal refuge areas are proposed as a method for reducing the loss of heat from small sections of a pond. Gradient zone erosion under various ambient and operating conditions is examined. Comparisons with previous laboratory studies show a much lower entrainment rate in the natural environment. For conditions which are typical of those encountered in mariculture pond operation, the entrainment rate was found to depend only weakly on the Richardson number. For these conditions, a simple (linear) correlation of entrainment rate with wind speed was developed.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MODEL AND BEACH SCOUR PATTERNS

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
John B. Herbich
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Incident Waves

Artificial or natural barriers may be divided into two classes, those from which waves are reflected and those on which waves break In general, any intermediate type that gives a combination of reflection and breaking may set up severe erosive action of the beach m front of barriers When the reflected waves are superimposed on the incident waves a stationary spatial envelope of the combined incident and reflected waves is produced Previous laboratory studies indicated that the crests of the sand bed appear fairly closely under the nodes of the envelope and troughs of the scoured sand bed under the loops of the envelope The predominant scouring pattern had a spacing between crests equal to one-half the wave length Other studies by Keulegan and Shepard established characteristic parameters for bar and trough depth for laboratory conditions and for several field locations Their studies were compared with beach profiles taken along the Texas Gulf Coast.

A Gradient Maintenance Technique for Seawater Solar Ponds

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kleis ◽  
Haoming Li ◽  
J. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Gradient Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Thermal Refuge ◽  
Refuge Areas

Seawater solar ponds are being evaluated as a means of reducing heat losses from thermal refuge areas in outdoor mariculture ponds during cold weather. The thermal refuge areas are intended to provide a reliable means of protecting fish crops from lethal cold water temperatures in the winter months. A continuous filling technique is demonstrated for use in gradient zone maintenance of the seawater solar ponds. The technique allows indefinite operation of the refuge areas with a minimal amount of fresh water.

Gradient-Zone Erosion by Extraction in Solar Ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Estevadeordal ◽  
S. J. Kleis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Finite Density ◽  
Gradient Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Storage Zone

The erosion the dynamically stable gradient zone of a salinity-gradient solar pond, due to the extraction of fluid from the storage zone, is numerically investigated. The effects of fluid withdrawal rate, density stratification level, pond and diffuser geometries, and diffuser placement are considered. It is found, for a typical salinity-gradient solar pond with uniform salinity in the storage zone and a continuous salinity gradient above that a finite amount of fluid entrainment from the gradient zone is inevitable. That is, a finite density difference across the interface is always required for a finite extraction rate under steady-state conditions. The magnitude of the density difference is predicted as function of the geometric and flow parameters. From the results, it is possible to predict the total amount of fluid entrained from the gradient zone as the pond reaches steady-state for prescribed operating conditions.

Involution and Cystic Transformation of the Thymus in the Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Thymic Cysts

The thymus glands of 10 bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, collected along the Texas Gulf coast were examined using standard histologic and immunocytochemical methods. The thymus gland of Tursiops persists into adult life, represented by medulla and progressively thinning cortex. A network of epithelial cells, including Hassal bodies, is demonstrable using polyclonal anti-cytokeratin antibody. The network condenses, with loss of lymphoid cells as involution progresses. Cysts arise within the condensed network. These cysts, found in eight of 10 animals, increase in number and size with increasing body size. Body size tends to reflect age. Thymic cysts typically have an irregular shape when small but tend to become spherical as they enlarge. Theey may be lined by squamous epithelium of variable thickness. Eventually, the cysts become macroscopic and filled with a colloidlike material and may largely replace the thymus, which may be identified by noncystic remnants adjacent to the cysts.

Beachfront Screening for Skin Cancer in Texas Gulf Coast Surfers

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN DOZIER ◽  
RICHARD F. WAGNER ◽  
SANDRA A. BLACK ◽  
JOSEPH TERRACINA
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast
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