Equations for Time-Dependent Wear and Induced Concentration Profiles in Particle-Filled Polymer Composites

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Han ◽  
Thierry A. Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Wear Rates

A time-dependent description of the sliding wear behavior of hard particle-filled polymer composites is developed. The description is based upon the accumulation of wear-resistant filler particles in the surface region, and development of wear-induced subsurface concentration profiles. Descriptive expressions for wear volume and induced filler volume fraction profile are functions of sliding distance as well as composite characteristics such as filler and matrix bulk volume fractions and specific wear rates. An experimental demonstration validates filler surface accumulation phenomenon as a basis for this model of time-dependent polymer composite wear. The demonstration also supports the feasibility of engineering composite materials with near-surface graded volume fraction profiles, resisting run-in wear contributions at the onset of sliding. Model predictions of steady-state volume fraction profile may guide design of such graded composite bearing surfaces.

Simulation of the Time-Dependent Wear and Surface Accumulation Behavior of Particle-Filled Polymer Composites

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry A. Blanchet ◽  
Sung Won Han
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nonsteady State

A simulation has been developed to model the transient wear of particle-filled polymer composites as a function of sliding distance. All inputs are parameters of physical significance, including filler bulk volume fraction, specific wear rate (relative to that of the matrix), and contact pressure. Run-in wear behavior is simulated by consideration of the accumulation of wear-resistant filler particles and the formation of a volume fraction profile near the composite sliding surface, facilitated by matrix cold flow. Simulation outputs include time-dependent volume fraction profile, and composite wear rate and wear volume. The simulation may be used for evaluation of candidate materials for applications in which nonsteady-state run-in wear effects are important, as well as a guide for the engineering of composite surfaces with graded volume fraction profiles that may provide resistance to initial transient wear contributions.

Estimation of Interlayer Thickness in Inorganic Particulate-Filled Polymer Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Z. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Interlayer Thickness ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

The structure of the interlayer between matrix and inclusions affect directly the mechanical and physical properties of inorganic particulate-filled polymer composites. The interlayer thickness is an important parameter for characterization of the interfacial structure. The effects of the interlayer between the filler particles and matrix on the mechanical properties of polymer composites were analyzed in this article. On the basis of a simplified model of interlayer, an expression for estimating the interlayer thickness ([Formula: see text]) was proposed. In addition, the relationship between the [Formula: see text] and the particle size and its concentration was discussed. The results showed that the calculations of the [Formula: see text] and thickness/particle diameter ratio ([Formula: see text]) increased nonlinearly with an increase of the volume fraction of the inclusions. Moreover, the predictions of [Formula: see text] and the relevant data reported in literature were compared, and good agreement was found between them.

Wear Behavior of ZrO2-CNF and Si3N4-CNT Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Hvizdoš ◽  
Annamária Duszová ◽  
Viktor Puchý ◽  
Orsolya Tapasztó ◽  
Peter Kun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Carbon Nanofibres ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Material Volume ◽  
Wear Damage ◽  
Sliding Distance

Tribological behavior of ZrO2 and Si3N4 based nanocomposites with addition of carbon nanofibres and nanotubes has been studied by the pin-on-disc technique. Friction coefficients were measured and recorded, wear rates were calculated in terms of material volume loss per load and sliding distance. The wear damage was studied using optical and electron microscopy and its mechanisms were identified. In monolithic materials the dominant wear mechanism was abrasion, in composites with CNF and with higher volume fraction of CNTs (5 and 10%) fiber pull-out and lubricating by the carbon phases occurred.

Microstructure and Oxidation of a Cast Nickel Aluminide Alloy

2002 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. Lee ◽  
M. L. Santella ◽  
I. M. Anderson ◽  
G. M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Aluminide ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectrum Imaging

ABSTRACTSpecimens of the cast Ni3Al alloy IC221M were annealed in air at 900°C to examine the effects of oxidation and thermal aging on the microstructure. The alloy is comprised of a dendritically solidified γ-γ′ matrix containing γ+Ni5Zr eutectic colonies in the interdendritic regions. Microstructures of aged specimens were examined by optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two primary changes in the microstructures were observed: (1) there is considerable homogenization of the cast microstructures with aging, and (2) the volume fraction of the γ+Ni5Zr eutectic decreases. Oxidation products were identified using x-ray diffraction and EDX spectrum imaging with multivariate statistical analysis (MSA). During the initial stages of oxidation, the first surface oxide to form is mostly NiO with small amounts of Cr2O3, ZrO2, NiCr2O4, and θ-Al2O3. Initially, oxidation occurs primarily in the interdendritic regions due to microsegregation of alloying elements during casting. With further aging, a continuous film of α-Al2O3 forms immediately beneath the surface that eventually evolves into a double layer of α-Al2O3 and NiAl2O4. Although these oxides are constrained to the near surface region, others penetrate to greater depths facilitated by oxidation of the γ+Ni5Zr eutectic colonies. These oxides appear in the microstructure as long, thin spikes of ZrO2 surrounded by a thin sheath of Al2O3.

Friction Induced Strengthening Mechanisms of Magnesia Partially Stabilized Zirconia

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aronov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Partially Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Frictional Interface

Experimental investigation of the wear behavior of Magnesia Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Mg-PSZ) rubbed against itself showed that up to three orders of magnitude increase in the wear resistance can be achieved in a particular temperature range that depends on both the sliding speed and the ambient temperature. XRD analysis revealed that thermally induced phase transformation takes place on the frictional interface. Surface analysis show that wear rates at maximum wear resistance are controlled by the crack generation kinetics rather than by crack propagation kinetics. The plastic strain before fracture varies with temperature. The maximum plastic strain was observed at the temperature of maximum wear resistance. A phenomenological model is presented that provides an explanation for the wear temperature behavior of Mg-PSZ. The model is based on the following chain of events that takes place on the frictional interface: spatial overheating of the surface areas, phase transformation of the overheated areas, cooling, volume expansion, and development of a compressive stress field in the near surface volumes.

Optimization of High Stress Abrasive Wear of Polymer Blend Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/HDPE/MA-g-PE/OMMT Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Namdeo ◽  
Sudhir Tiwari ◽  
Smita Manepatil
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

High stress (two-body) abrasive wear behavior of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MA-g-PE) compatibilized ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer blend added with organophilic montmorillonite nanoclay in increasing quantity (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 phr) has been evaluated in this study. Comparative volume losses and specific wear rates of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) using two-body abrasion tester are discussed. Specific abrasive wear rate is optimized under different loads and sliding distances with different abrasive grade papers as per Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to determine the significance of factors influencing wear. Confirmation experiments are performed to predict and verify the improvement in observed values with the optimal combination level of control factors. It is observed that maximum wear volume loss and specific wear rate occur at 10 N load and 8 m sliding distance in all polymer nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are used to analyze wear mechanisms under different experimental conditions.

Utilization of Charged Particle Backscattering to Study the Near Surface Region of Glasses. Application to Depth Profiling of Lanthanium, Cerium, Thorium and Uranium Induced by Aqueous Leaching.

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Trocellier ◽  
Bernard Nens ◽  
Charles Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Particle Backscattering

The Rutherford backscattering technique is useful for the determination of the concentration profiles of some heavy elements in the near surface region of glasses, but is not able to provide chemical information on the elements detected.

scholarly journals Characterization and Wear Behavior of Carbon Black Filled Polymer Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakuntala Ojha ◽  
Samir Kumar Acharya ◽  
Raghavendra Gujjala
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Filled Polymer

Time dependent percolation of carbon black filled polymer composites in response to solvent vapor

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Guo Chen ◽  
Ji Wen Hu ◽  
Ming Qiu Zhang ◽  
Min Zhi Rong ◽  
Qiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Dependent Percolation

Preparation of cross-sectional samples for near-surface TEM studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
R.C. Dickenson ◽  
K.R. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Standard Sample ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Cold Worked

In thermal oxidation studies, the structure of the oxide-metal interface and the near-surface region is of great importance. A technique has been developed for constructing cross-sectional samples of oxidized aluminum alloys, which reveal these regions. The specimen preparation procedure is as follows: An ultra-sonic drill is used to cut a 3mm diameter disc from a 1.0mm thick sheet of the material. The disc is mounted on a brass block with low-melting wax, and a 1.0mm hole is drilled in the disc using a #60 drill bit. The drill is positioned so that the edge of the hole is tangent to the center of the disc (Fig. 1) . The disc is removed from the mount and cleaned with acetone to remove any traces of wax. To remove the cold-worked layer from the surface of the hole, the disc is placed in a standard sample holder for a Tenupol electropolisher so that the hole is in the center of the area to be polished.

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