scholarly journals On the Transitions in the Lubrication of Concentrated Contacts

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Schipper ◽  
A. W. J. de Gee
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
Lubrication Mode ◽  
State Regime ◽  
Film Lubrication

Friction experiments on lubricated concentrated contracts were performed to study; (a) the transitions between the different lubrication modes when operating in the lubricants liquid-state regime and (b) the frictional behavior of these contacts, under conditions of full-film lubrication, taking into account the lubricants liquid-state and solid-state behavior. On the basis of these results a flow diagram is presented for lubricated concentrated contacts, from which the lubrication mode as well as the frictional behavior can be obtained as a function of the operational conditions, under which these contacts are functioning.

Solution and Solid State Behavior of Poly(N-Acetyliminoethylene)–Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Interpolymer Complexes

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1412
Author(s):  
G. David ◽  
J. M. Buisine ◽  
A. Daoudi ◽  
C. Kolinski ◽  
A. Stoleriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Interpolymer Complexes

Joining of Ti3SiC2 with Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Gao ◽  
Y. Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Parabolic Rate Constant ◽  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Solid State Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
State Diffusion ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Higher Temperature

The joining of a Ti3SiC2 ceramic with a Ti–6Al–4V alloy was carried out at the temperature range of 1200–1400 °C for 15 min to 4 h in a vacuum. The total diffusion path of joining was determined to be Ti3SiC2/Ti5Si3Cx/Ti5Si3Cx + TiCx/TiCx/Ti. The reaction was rate controlled by the solid-state diffusion below 1350 °C and turned to the liquid-state diffusion controlled with a dramatic increase of parabolic rate constant Kp when the temperature exceeded 1350 °C. The TiCx tended to grow at the boundarywith the Ti–6Al–4V alloy at a higher temperature and longer holding time. TheTi3SiC2/Ti–6Al–4V joint is expected to be applied to implant materials.

The kinetics and mechanism of nanoconfined molten salt reactions: trimerization of potassium and rubidium dicyanamide

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 10209-10217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Yancey ◽  
Sergey Vyazovkin
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Kinetics And Mechanism

Nanoconfinement accelerates the liquid state trimerization of potassium and rubidium dicyanamide but decelerates the solid state trimerization of sodium dicyanamide.

scholarly journals Cloud Particles Differential Evolution Algorithm: A Novel Optimization Method for Global Numerical Optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Quanzhu Yao ◽  
Qiaoyong Jiang ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Mutation Strategy ◽  
Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Cloud Particles

We propose a new optimization algorithm inspired by the formation and change of the cloud in nature, referred to as Cloud Particles Differential Evolution (CPDE) algorithm. The cloud is assumed to have three states in the proposed algorithm. Gaseous state represents the global exploration. Liquid state represents the intermediate process from the global exploration to the local exploitation. Solid state represents the local exploitation. The best solution found so far acts as a nucleus. In gaseous state, the nucleus leads the population to explore by condensation operation. In liquid state, cloud particles carry out macrolocal exploitation by liquefaction operation. A new mutation strategy called cloud differential mutation is introduced in order to solve a problem that the misleading effect of a nucleus may cause the premature convergence. In solid state, cloud particles carry out microlocal exploitation by solidification operation. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated upon different benchmark problems. The results have been compared with eight well-known optimization algorithms. The statistical analysis on performance evaluation of the different algorithms on 10 benchmark functions and CEC2013 problems indicates that CPDE attains good performance.

Influence of mixing energy on the solid-state behavior and clay fraction threshold of PA12/C30B® nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-572
Author(s):  
Nourredine Aït Hocine ◽  
Pascal Médéric ◽  
Hanaya Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
End Use ◽  
First Time

Abstract This study focuses on the influence of mixing energy on the solid-state behavior and clay fraction threshold of nanocomposites. Thus, three polyamide12/clay (PA12/C30B®) nanocomposites exhibiting different nanostructures were prepared from three sets of processing conditions. Then, thermal and dynamical viscoelastic properties of these nanocomposites were analyzed, in relationship with the material nanostructure and processing conditions. For the first time, the solid-state properties of the nanocomposites revealed the existence of a critical specific mixing mechanical energy. Below this critical value, an increase of mechanical energy refines the structure, improving some end-use properties of the nanocomposite. Above this value, a high mixing energy supply is necessary in order to significantly modify the structure. They also highlighted that the clay fraction threshold, which is commonly attributed to the formation of a three-dimensional percolated network, decreases with increasing specific mixing energy, less significantly when this energy is superior to its critical value.

Optical Absorptions in Metal Sodium: The Temperature Dependence in the Liquid State

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
N. C. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Optical Conductivity ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Present Calculation ◽  
Electron Density Of States

The temperature dependence of optical absorptions in liquid Na is calculated. The electron energy values are obtained to second order in perturbation theory which are then used to determine the electron density of states. The density of states plots show some structure similar to those noted in the solid state. The optical conductivity in the liquid state is found to increase with the temperature as in the solid state. The present calculation for the optical conductivity gives a rather sharp peak around ħ ω = 1.7 eV. These results are in better agreement with the existing experimental results

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