Fluid Motion in Ultrasonic Flowmeter Cavities

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Lo̸land ◽  
Lars R. Sætran ◽  
Robert Olsen ◽  
Inge R. Gran ◽  
Reidar Sakariassen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Ultrasonic Flow Meter ◽  
Cavity Width

The ultrasonic flow meter is a newcomer among flow meters for measuring large quantities of natural gas. It has notable advantages compared to traditional meters. The ultrasonic flow meter is much more compact and has a wider dynamic range for flow measurements than the orifice plate meter. When manufactured, the ultrasonic sensors are often set back from the pipe wall in a cavity. When the fluid flows past the cavities, a secondary flow of vortices with characteristic size equal to the cavity width is established inside the cavities. The aim of this study has been to investigate the influence of this secondary flow on the accuracy of the ultrasonic flow meter. Both measurements and numerical simulations of the cavity flow have been conducted. It has been found from the present work, that the influence of the flow in the cavities on the measurements increases nonlinearly with the pipe flow rate.

Flow Calibration and Error Analysis of Dual-Axis Tracking Trough Solar Collector System

2014 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Jian Ling Deng ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Zi Li Zhou ◽  
Rong Rong Zhai ◽  
Ji Feng Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Collector System ◽  
Ultrasonic Flow Meter

In this paper, a dual-axis tracking trough solar collector system is established, and used to measure and calibrate flow rate at different conditions by using the ultrasonic flow meter and mass flow meter, providing important reference for follow-up experimental study. With the changing of the medium’s temperature and the rotation speed variation of the pump, the two flow meters were used to work together to measure the accurate flow measurements, obtaining the measurement error of the mass flow meter. After that, the reason of error and methods used to reduce the error are analyzed.

scholarly journals CALIBRATION OF ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER FOR WI-FI NETWORK WITH THE HELP OF WEB BROWSER

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
M. A. Velichko ◽  
Yu. P. Gladkikh ◽  
O. N. Satler
Keyword(s):  
Operating Systems ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Software Complex

Objectives. The purpose of the work was to change the method of signal transmission containing metrological information from industrial time-pulse ultrasonic gas flow meter to a compu-ting device (CD). It was planned to expand the range of devices serving as gas flow calculators. A hardware-software complex (HSC) for automatic calibration / verification of ultrasonic flowmeters was to be developed. This HSC should work equally well on different operating systems. The information exchange between the CD and the flowmeter was to be carried out wirelessly.Method. The Wi-Fi Pro-tocol was used as a wireless Protocol. The energy-efficient ESP8266 controller was chosen as micro-controller to provide the functionality of Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 board acted as a Wi-Fi access point on the network to which CD was connected for data exchange. The ESP8266 microcontroller also served as a HTTP server. Exchange of metrological and other information was carried out by GET-requests. Given the need for continuous flow measurements and simultaneous communication between the user and the flow meter, requests to the server were transmitted using AJAX technology. The software part of the APK consisted of 3 programs: a program that measured the flow and transmitted the information further to the ESP8266 microcontroller, a server program recorded in ESP8266, providing a response to the requests of CD users, and the client program installed on the CD. The article discusses the key points of the HSC.Result. As a result of this work, the HSC was processed for calibration/verification of ultrasonic gas flow meters. For the first time this process for industrial flow meters was implemented using the ESP8266Wi-Fi controller as an access point. As a WU, it became possible to use any desktop or laptop computer or mobile device with a modern browser.Conclusion. The method proposed in the paper significantly simplified the data exchange between the VU and the flowmeter, reduced the cost of software development due to the common approach for different operating systems.

Attenuation of an ultrasonic beam by suspended particles and range of acoustic flow meters in sewer networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Larrarte ◽  
Pierre François
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Ultrasonic Flow Meter ◽  
Intensity Decay ◽  
Sewer Networks

Ultrasonic flow meters are commonly used in wastewater management. Under certain circumstances, a reduction in the flow meter range may occur and cause significant error in the flow rate measurement. Attenuation due to suspended particles is one of the phenomena capable of reducing the flow meter range. The present paper examines attenuation resulting from re-suspended pond sediment over a wide range of concentration values. It appears that a formula established for sand suspensions provides a good estimate of ultrasound attenuation for these types of particles as well. Experiments conducted for wastewater under particle concentrations commonly encountered in sewer networks demonstrate that the attenuation by particles only contributes to a negligible extent towards intensity decay, in accordance with theoretical predictions. We also theoretically determine herein the operating conditions under which the range of an ultrasonic flow meter would be significantly reduced due to particle attenuation.

scholarly journals Self-Calibration of Ultrasonic Water Flow Meter

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6011-6017
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Dynamical Characteristic ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Flow Metering ◽  
Rf Communication ◽  
Fluid Properties

Due to fluid properties, flow patterns, external factors (temperature, pressure, etc.) measurement shows a dynamical characteristic. Therefore, calibration is an indispensable process in order to ensure the standards of flow metering. Ultrasonic flow meters, which are ameliorated the readings over time, are promising devices to minimize the flow measurements error. In this paper, the calibration procedure of a specific ultrasonic water flow meter is discussed, and then a wireless system is proposed to carry out fine calibration. According to the results, piecewise linear least squares approach supplies the best performance at overall volumetric flow rates accompanying with wireless fine calibration system based on RF communication

Investigation of the Use of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Oil Refining Process Unit

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
E.V. Glebova ◽  
◽  
A.T. Volokhina ◽  
E.A. Polikakhina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Ultrasonic Flow Meter

It is known that changes in the flow rate of the medium can directly affect the safety of the process of refining oil and petroleum products. Therefore, the use of high-precision flow meters is one of the safety barriers to prevent possible accidents and incidents. Unfortunately, the task of parametric measurement of the consumption of oil and petroleum products before and after their processing in most cases causes certain difficulties. For this reason, each specific measurement task should be approached from a different perspective, offering different means and methods of measurement, allowing to achieve the most reliable and accurate data on the measured flow rate. Operating conditions at the oil refineries place high demands on flow meters. Conventional orifice flow meters, which are often used to measure flow in the oil refineries, have certain disadvantages: they require frequent maintenance, process interruptions during installation, cause pressure losses in the pipe. Based on the experience of foreign companies in replacing insertion flow meters with clamp-on flow meters, it was decided to use non-invasive (non-contact) flow meters for medium measurement. The advantages of these flow meters are that there is no need to cut pipes, which practically eliminates the risk of leaks occurrence during installation. Also, the ultrasonic flow meter does not have direct contact with the measured medium, which allows avoiding contamination of both the flow meter itself and the medium, as a result, increasing the accuracy and durability of flow measurement at the site. Research objectives: substantiation of the possibility of operation of an ultrasonic flow meter at the oil refining site, recommendations for the use of various sensors, as well as selection of the optimal installation site for the device. The flow rate readings matched the previously established readings taken from the orifice meters. As a result, it is concluded that the ultrasonic flow meters can be used to measure the flow rate of stripped oil.

scholarly journals Numerical Flow Disturbance Testing of the Innovative Ultrasonic Flow Meter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Velocity Field ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Disturbance ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Ultrasonic Flow Meter ◽  
Measurement Area

Ultrasonic flow meters are devices for fluid flow measurement using the ultrasonic principle. Within the technical requirements for gas meters, the flow disturbance test is required. The aim of this study was the CFD analysis of the fluid flow field inside the ultrasonic gas meter regarding the influence of flow disturbance. The methodology for numerical analysis and results assessment was defined. The velocity profiles in the area for ultrasonic measurement have been obtained. The evaluation of the profiles was aimed to confirm that the velocity field (profile) is flow independent. Furthermore, it was necessary to prove insensitivity to input disturbance. The obtained results lead to the statement that the velocity profiles can be considered invariant when the flow rate changes and the disturbance do not affect the velocity field in the ultrasonic measurement area. The influence of disturbance should be negated due to the flow meter channel used.

Damping characteristics of a magneto-rheological damper with dual independent controllable ducts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110188
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Yu ◽  
Xiaomin Dong ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhengmu Zhou ◽  
Yaqin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Mr Damper ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Magneto Rheological ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper presents the damping characteristics of a linear magneto-rheological (MR) damper with dual controllable ducts based on numerical and experimental analysis. The novel MR damper consisting of a dual-rod cylinder system and a MR valve is used to reduce the influences of viscous damping force and improve dynamic range. Driven by the dual-rod cylinder system, MR fluid flows in the MR valve. The pressure drop of the MR valve with dual independent controllable ducts can be controlled by tuning the current of two independent coils. Based on the mathematical model and the finite element method, the damping characteristics of the MR damper is simulated. A prototype is designed and tested on MTS machine to evaluate its damping characteristics. The results show that the working states and damping force of the MR damper can be controlled by the two independent coils.

scholarly journals Effect of Doppler flow meter position on discharge measurement in surcharged manholes

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoming Yang ◽  
David Z. Zhu ◽  
Yanchen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Abstract Determining the proper installation location of flow meters is important for accurate measurement of discharge in sewer systems. In this study, flow field and flow regimes in two types of manholes under surcharged flow were investigated using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The error in measuring the flow discharge using a Doppler flow meter (based on the velocity in a Doppler beam) was then estimated. The values of the corrective coefficient were obtained for the Doppler flow meter at different locations under various conditions. Suggestions for selecting installation positions are provided.

4D Investigation of Vortex Fluid Motion Inside the Eyeball

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
S.A. Skladchikov ◽  
N.P. Savenkova ◽  
P.I. Vysikaylo ◽  
S.E. Avetisov ◽  
D.V. Lipatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Vortex Motion ◽  
Dissipative System ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Vitreous Cavity ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Medicinal Substance ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
And Diffusion

The eye is a complex system of boundaries and fluids with different viscosities within the boundaries. At present, there are no experimental possibilities to thoroughly observe the dynamic 4D processes after one or another method of eye treatment is applied. The complexity of cumulative, i.e., focusing, and dissipative, i.e., scattering, convective and diffusion 4D fluxes of fluids in the eye requires 4D analytical and numerical models of fluid transfer in the human eyeball to be developed. The purpose of the study was to develop and then verify a numerical model of 4D cumulative-dissipative processes of fluid transfer in the eyeball. The study was the first to numerically evaluate the values of the characteristic time of the drug substance in the vitreous cavity until it is completely washed out, depending on the injection site; to visualize the paths of the vortex motion of the drug in the vitreous cavity; to determine the main parameters of the 4D fluid flows of the medicinal substance in the vitreous cavity, depending on the presence or absence of vitreous detachment from the wall of the posterior chamber of the eye. The results obtained are verified by the experimental data available to doctors. In the eye, as a partially open cumulative-dissipative system, Euler regions with high rates of cumulative flows and regions with low speeds or stagnant Lagrange flow zones are defined

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