scholarly journals Dynamic Response of Ducted Bubbly Flows to Turbomachinery-Induced Perturbations

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio d’Auria ◽  
Luca d’Agostino ◽  
Christopher E. Brennen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Fluid Behavior ◽  
Periodic Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cylindrical Duct

The present work investigates the dynamics of the three-dimensional, unsteady flow of a bubbly mixture in a cylindrical duct subject to a periodic pressure excitation at one end. One of the purposes is to investigate the bubbly or cavitating flow at inlet to or discharge from a pump whose blade motions would provide such excitation. The flow displays various regimes with radically different wave propagation characteristics. The dynamics effects due to the bubble response may radically alter the fluid behavior depending on the void fraction of the bubbly mixture, the mean bubble size, the pipe diameter, the angular speed of the turbomachine and the mean flow Mach number. This simple linearized analysis illustrates the importance of the complex interactions of the dynamics of the bubbles with the average flow, and provides information on the propagation and growth of the turbopump-induced disturbances in the feed lines operating with bubbly or cavitating liquids. Examples are presented to illustrate the influence of the relevant flow parameters. Finally, the limitations of the theory are outlined.

Experimental Study of Flow Inside a Centrifugal Fan Using Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis W. Hoffman ◽  
Laura Villafañe ◽  
Christopher J. Elkins ◽  
John K. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Three-dimensional, three-component time-averaged velocity fields have been measured within a low-speed centrifugal fan with forward curved blades. The model investigated is representative of fans commonly used in automotive HVAC applications. The flow was analyzed at two Reynolds numbers for the same ratio of blade rotational speed to outlet flow velocity. The flow patterns inside the volute were found to have weak sensitivity to Reynolds number. A pair of counter-rotating vortices evolve circumferentially within the volute with positive and negative helicity in the upper and lower regions, respectively. Measurements have been further extended to capture phase-resolved flow features by synchronizing the data acquisition with the blade passing frequency. The mean flow field through each blade passage is presented including the jet-wake structure extending from the blade and the separation zone on the suction side of the blade leading edge.

scholarly journals Gravity waves observed from the Equatorial Wave Studies (EWS) campaign during 1999 and 2000 and their role in the generation of stratospheric semiannual oscillations

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2481-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Deepa ◽  
G. Ramkumar ◽  
B. V. Krishna Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Vertical Wavelength ◽  
Flow Acceleration ◽  
Equatorial Wave ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phase Propagation ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. The altitude profiles of temperature fluctuations in the stratosphere and mesosphere observed with the Rayleigh Lidar at Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) on 30 nights during January to March 1999 and 21 nights during February to April 2000 were analysed to bring out the temporal and vertical propagation characteristics of gravity wave perturbations. The gravity wave perturbations showed periodicities in the 0.5–3-h range and attained large amplitudes (4–5 K) in the mesosphere. The phase propagation characteristics of gravity waves with different periods showed upward wave propagation with a vertical wavelength of 5–7 km. The mean flow acceleration computed from the divergence of momentum flux of gravity waves is compared with that calculated from monthly values of zonal wind obtained from RH-200 rockets flights. Thus, the contribution of gravity waves towards the generation of Stratospheric Semi Annual Oscillation (SSAO) is estimated.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional spatial structure of the macro-pores and flow simulation in anthracite coal based on X-ray μ-CT scanning data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1236
Author(s):  
Hui-Huang Fang ◽  
Shu-Xun Sang ◽  
Shi-Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bedding Plane ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Equivalent Radius ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Flow Velocity

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) structures of pores directly affect the CH4 flow. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the 3D spatial structure of pores and to simulate the CH4 flow with the connected pores as the carrier. The result shows that the equivalent radius of pores and throats are 1–16 μm and 1.03–8.9 μm, respectively, and the throat length is 3.28–231.25 μm. The coordination number of pores concentrates around three, and the intersection point between the connectivity function and the X-axis is 3–4 μm, which indicate the macro-pores have good connectivity. During the single-channel flow, the pressure decreases along the direction of CH4 flow, and the flow velocity of CH4 decreases from the pore center to the wall. Under the dual-channel and the multi-channel flows, the pressure also decreases along the CH4 flow direction, while the velocity increases. The mean flow pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the inlet slice. The change of mean flow pressure is relatively stable in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane, while it is relatively large in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane. The mean flow velocity in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane (Y-axis) is the largest, followed by that in the direction horizontal to the bedding plane (X-axis), and the mean flow velocity in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane is the smallest.

Coherent structures and dominant frequencies in a turbulent three-dimensional diffuser

2012 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 320-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Malm ◽  
Philipp Schlatter ◽  
Dan S. Henningson
Keyword(s):  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Bulk Velocity ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

AbstractDominant frequencies and coherent structures are investigated in a turbulent, three-dimensional and separated diffuser flow at $\mathit{Re}= 10\hspace{0.167em} 000$ (based on bulk velocity and inflow-duct height), where mean flow characteristics were first studied experimentally by Cherry, Elkins and Eaton (Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 29, 2008, pp. 803–811) and later numerically by Ohlsson et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 650, 2010, pp. 307–318). Coherent structures are educed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the flow, which together with time probes located in the flow domain are used to extract frequency information. The present study shows that the flow contains multiple phenomena, well separated in frequency space. Dominant large-scale frequencies in a narrow band $\mathit{St}\equiv fh/ {u}_{b} \in [0. 0092, 0. 014] $ (where $h$ is the inflow-duct height and ${u}_{b} $ is the bulk velocity), yielding time periods ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast} } = T{u}_{b} / h\in [70, 110] $, are deduced from the time signal probes in the upper separated part of the diffuser. The associated structures identified by the POD are large streaks arising from a sinusoidal oscillating motion in the diffuser. Their individual contributions to the total kinetic energy, dominated by the mean flow, are, however, small. The reason for the oscillating movement in this low-frequency range is concluded to be the confinement of the flow in this particular geometric set-up in combination with the high Reynolds number and the large separated zone on the top diffuser wall. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the bulk of the streamwise root mean square (r.m.s.) value arises due to large-scale motion, which in turn can explain the appearance of two or more peaks in the streamwise r.m.s. value. The weak secondary flow present in the inflow duct is shown to survive into the diffuser, where it experiences an imbalance with respect to the upper expanding corners, thereby giving rise to the asymmetry of the mean separated region in the diffuser.

Improved κ-ɛ Modelling of Impeller Flow Performance of a Mixed-Flow Pump under off-Design Operating States

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Fraser ◽  
Y Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flow Pump

Three-dimensional turbulent flow through the impeller passage of a model mixed-flow pump has been simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations with an improved κ-ɛ model. The standard κ-ɛ model was found to be unsatisfactory for solving the off-design impeller flow and a converged solution could not be obtained at 49 per cent design flowrate. After careful analysis, it was decided to modify the standard κ-ɛ model by including the extra rates of strain due to the acceleration of impeller rotation and geometrical curvature and removing the mathematical ill-posedness between the mean flow turbulence modelling and the logarithmic wall function.

Evolution of zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers from different tripping conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 379-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Marusic ◽  
K. A. Chauhan ◽  
V. Kulandaivelu ◽  
N. Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inflow Conditions

In this paper we study the spatial evolution of zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) turbulent boundary layers from their origin to a canonical high-Reynolds-number state. A prime motivation is to better understand under what conditions reliable scaling behaviour comparisons can be made between different experimental studies at matched local Reynolds numbers. This is achieved here through detailed streamwise velocity measurements using hot wires in the large University of Melbourne wind tunnel. By keeping the unit Reynolds number constant, the flow conditioning, contraction and trip can be considered unaltered for a given boundary layer’s development and hence its evolution can be studied in isolation from the influence of inflow conditions by moving to different streamwise locations. Careful attention was given to the experimental design in order to make comparisons between flows with three different trips while keeping all other parameters nominally constant, including keeping the measurement sensor size nominally fixed in viscous wall units. The three trips consist of a standard trip and two deliberately ‘over-tripped’ cases, where the initial boundary layers are over-stimulated with additional large-scale energy. Comparisons of the mean flow, normal Reynolds stress, spectra and higher-order turbulence statistics reveal that the effects of the trip are seen to be significant, with the remnants of the ‘over-tripped’ conditions persisting at least until streamwise stations corresponding to $Re_{x}=1.7\times 10^{7}$ and $x=O(2000)$ trip heights are reached (which is specific to the trips used here), at which position the non-canonical boundary layers exhibit a weak memory of their initial conditions at the largest scales $O(10{\it\delta})$, where ${\it\delta}$ is the boundary layer thickness. At closer streamwise stations, no one-to-one correspondence is observed between the local Reynolds numbers ($Re_{{\it\tau}}$, $Re_{{\it\theta}}$ or $Re_{x}$ etc.), and these differences are likely to be the cause of disparities between previous studies where a given Reynolds number is matched but without account of the trip conditions and the actual evolution of the boundary layer. In previous literature such variations have commonly been referred to as low-Reynolds-number effects, while here we show that it is more likely that these differences are due to an evolution effect resulting from the initial conditions set up by the trip and/or the initial inflow conditions. Generally, the mean velocity profiles were found to approach a constant wake parameter ${\it\Pi}$ as the three boundary layers developed along the test section, and agreement of the mean flow parameters was found to coincide with the location where other statistics also converged, including higher-order moments up to tenth order. This result therefore implies that it may be sufficient to document the mean flow parameters alone in order to ascertain whether the ZPG flow, as described by the streamwise velocity statistics, has reached a canonical state, and a computational approach is outlined to do this. The computational scheme is shown to agree well with available experimental data.

scholarly journals Flow Kinematics in Variable-Height Rotating Cylinder Arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Craig ◽  
John O. Dabiri ◽  
Jeffrey R. Koseff
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Rotation Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Freestream Velocity ◽  
Cylinder Arrays ◽  
The Mean

Experimental data are presented for large arrays of rotating, variable-height cylinders in order to study the dependence of the three-dimensional mean flows on the height heterogeneity of the array. Elements in the examined arrays were spatially arranged in the same staggered paired configuration, and the heights of each element pair varied up to ±37.5% from the mean height (kept constant across all arrays), such that the arrays were vertically structured. Four vertical structuring configurations were examined at a nominal Reynolds number (based on freestream velocity and cylinder diameter) of 600 and nominal tip-speed ratios of 0, 2, and 4. It was found that the vertical structuring of the array could significantly alter the mean flow patterns. Most notably, a net vertical flow into the array from above was observed, which was augmented by the arrays' vertical structuring, showing a 75% increase from the lowest to highest vertical flows (as evaluated at the maximum element height, at a single rotation rate). This vertical flow into the arrays is of particular interest as it represents an additional mechanism by which high streamwise momentum can be transported from above the array down into the array. An evaluation of the streamwise momentum resource within the array indicates up to a 56% increase in the incoming streamwise velocity to the elements (from the lowest to highest ranking arrays, at a single rotation rate). These arrays of rotating cylinders may provide insight into the flow kinematics of arrays of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). In a physical VAWT array, an increase in incoming streamwise flow velocity to a turbine corresponds to a (cubic) increase in the power output of the turbine. Thus, these results suggest a promising approach to increasing the power output of a VAWT array.

On the mean motion induced by internal gravity waves

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. Bretherton
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Gravity Waves ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
The Mean

A train of internal gravity waves in a stratified liquid exerts a stress on the liquid and induces changes in the mean motion of second order in the wave amplitude. In those circumstances in which the concept of a slowly varying quasi-sinusoidal wave train is consistent, the mean velocity is almost horizontal and is determined to a first approximation irrespective of the vertical forces exerted by the waves. The sum of the mean flow kinetic energy and the wave energy is then conserved. The circulation around a horizontal circuit moving with the mean velocity is increased in the presence of waves according to a simple formula. The flow pattern is obtained around two- and three-dimensional wave packets propagating into a liquid at rest and the results are generalized for any basic state of motion in which the internal Froude number is small. Momentum can be associated with a wave packet equal to the horizontal wave-number times the wave energy divided by the intrinsic frequency.

Three-dimensional study of separated flow over a square cylinder by large eddy simulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Farhadi ◽  
M Rahnama
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Square Cylinder ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Central Difference ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Large Eddy

Large eddy simulation of flow over a square cylinder in a channel is performed at Reynolds numbers of 22 000 and 21 400. The selective structure function (SSF) modelling of the subgrid-scale stress terms is used and the convective terms are discretized using quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics (QUICK) and central difference (CD) schemes. A series of time-averaged velocities, turbulent stresses, and some global flow parameters such as lift and drag coefficients and their fluctuations are computed and compared with experimental data. The suitability of SSF model has been shown by comparing the computed mean flow velocities and turbulent quantities with experiments. Results show negligible variation in the flow parameters for the two Reynolds numbers used in the present computations. It was observed that both QUICK and CD schemes are capable of obtaining results close to those of the experiments with some minor differences.

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