Investigation of Failure Processes in Porous Battery Substrates: Part II—Simulation Results and Comparisons

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Cheng ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
A. M. Sastry ◽  
S. B. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Porous Fiber ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Material Microstructure ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Fiber Networks ◽  
Real Material ◽  
Nimh Battery ◽  
Torsion Springs

Models are presented for the evolution of transport and mechanical properties of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery substrates. In the first paper in this series (Wang et al., 1999), conductive losses and enhancement of mechanical properties in these materials were quantified experimentally. These were qualitatively shown to be related to observed morphological changes in the substrate materials. Here, an evolution hypothesis for changes in these structures is presented, along with a simplified approximation of the real material microstructure (porous fiber/powder nickel network) with a tractable simulation geometry (porous fiber networks). Transport and mechanics models are then compared with experimental results, with stochastically-arranged fibers approximated as conductive beams connected by elastic torsion springs. Both quantitative and qualitative agreement are found with the models. Limitations of the approaches proposed are also discussed, along with the consequences of the simplifications of geometry for analysis.

Investigation of Failure Processes in Porous Battery Substrates: Part I—Experimental Findings

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
X. Cheng ◽  
A. M. Sastry ◽  
S. B. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Coupled Transport ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Battery Materials ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
And Function

Experimental findings are presented which demonstrate the coupled transport, mechanical and morphological changes in porous battery materials when they are cycled electrochemically. These materials, comprised of a mixture of powdered nickel and nickel fiber, act as substrates in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) cells, and function as porous, conductive containment for positive-plate active material. They can offer substantial weight and cost savings over more traditional sintered or foam materials, provided they can be designed to produce good conductivity over many (>500) electrochemical cycles. This study represents an expansion of previous work by the authors, which had established some key differences in the behavior of substrate materials for a small number of cells. Here, these difference are validated with a greater variety and number of electrochemical/material experiments, along with a parallel study on morphological changes. In the second paper in this series (Cheng et al., 1999b), transport and mechanics models are presented to explain the observed differences, using microstructural models based on observations in this study.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Electrochemical Reactions at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface of Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries by an Equivalent Electrical Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p241
Author(s):  
M. Ben Moussa ◽  
M. Abdellaoui
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Battery Electrode ◽  
Nimh Battery ◽  
Good Agreement

Based on the experimental impedance spectra, the electrochemical reactions that are deposed at the electrode-electrolyte interface can be modeled by equivalent electrical circuits. Each element used in the circuit must have a physical correspondence in the electrochemical system. In this work, a model has been proposed to a NiMH battery electrode to describe, in detail, the electrochemical process at the interface of this electrode. The theoretical impedance of a proposed circuit is a function of several variables. These adjusted variables to reach a good agreement between the theoretical spectra and the experimental spectra in the studied frequency. The Z-simplex software allows refining the experimental results. These results show a good superposition between the experimental spectra and the theoretical spectra corresponding to the proposed electric circuit. This leads to the conclusion that the proposed circuit describes the phenomena that take place at the interface of the hydride electrode.

Hydrogen and Batteries: The Genie and the Bottle (1980–2007)

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-208
Author(s):  
Lillian Hoddeson ◽  
Peter Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Nimh Battery ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Toyota Prius

With part of the ARCO funding, Ovshinsky established a sizeable research program to investigate hydrogen as an alternative energy source. The researchers collaboratively discovered that by forming hydrides the multi-element disordered materials used in researching hydrogen storage could be successfully used in a rechargeable battery, called the nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery. Produced by the Ovonic Battery Company, ECD’s new battery became one of its most successful commercial products. An automotive version powered General Motors’ electric car, the EV1, and it is still used in hybrids like the Toyota Prius. Ovshinsky also worked on the automotive use of hydrogen both in fuel cells and in an internal combustion engine, which was successfully tested in prototype hydrogen cars. Ultimately, however, ECD failed to attract the support needed to develop its hydrogen-fueled car commercially.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment on Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery in Hybrid Vehicles: Comparison between Regenerated and New Battery

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Shuoyao Wang ◽  
Jeongsoo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Nimh Battery

To reduce air pollution and avoid petroleum exhaustion problem, many advanced countries, especially Japan installed Hybrid Vehicles (HV). As the use of HV popularizes around the world, there will be a huge amount of End-of-Life HV in the near future, and the proper treatment of these End-of-Life HVs, especially the waste NiMH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) batteries, will become a serious problem. Currently, the recycling of NiMH battery is gaining substantial attention. However, instead of recycling waste NiMH batteries directly, regenerating and reusing a used NiMH battery for a secondhand HV will largely reduce waste battery generation and demand for new NiMH battery. However, the environmental impact of regenerating and reusing a waste NiMH battery was not clear and has not been compared with the situation when using a brand-new NiMH battery. The purpose of this research is to compare the environmental performance (CO2 emission) of regenerated NiMH battery and brand-new NiMH battery in an HV from their production to usage stage and to discuss the validity of using a regenerated NiMH in Japan and in other countries using the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. This research analyzed the composition of a NiMH battery and the CO2 emission during the manufacture, transportation, regeneration and usage process of a NiMH battery. The data used in this research was collected from reports and data published by the government of Japan, vehicle makers and previous studies. Original field survey and interview research on battery regeneration operators were also performed. The result showed that there is not a big difference in environmental effect. Moreover, by doing so, a huge amount of resource will be saved from battery manufacturing process while reducing waste generation. It is recommended that waste NiMH battery should be regenerated and reused in HV instead of being recycled directly in the future.

Pengujian Performa Baterai Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Untuk Mobil Listrik Satu Penumpang Pada Kompetisi Balap Mobil Listrik Ene1-Gp Jepang 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Dedy Ramdhani Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Nimh Battery ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
And Performance

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is viewed as an attractive solution to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption resulted from transport sector, but the EVs implementation is limited to driving distance and and the charging process that inconvenience. The analysis of energy consumption characteristics of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery that commonly used as the energy source for EVs become an important foundation to study the durability and performance of the battery when applied in addition to increase the driving range from this EVs. This research aims to test the durability and the performance of the Eneloop type of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery that used for the racing car competed on ENE1-GP Japan at Suzuka Circuit Japan. From this experiment will be achieve the energy consumption estimation systematically, based on this data the parameters can be decided accurately for the EVs that attend the competition. The battery will be test under room temperature and the load given during the test from 0.1A to 10A. The average temperature during the performance test were observed using thermal camera. The best result from this experiment is on 5A, the battery will effectively use and can fit the requirement to complete the race in 18 minutes and 49 seconds for 3 cycles (laps). On the other hand, this data also can become the foundation to develop the electric vehicle which has similar specification.

scholarly journals Short-Term Impact of AC Harmonics on Aging of NiMH Batteries for Grid Storage Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Jenny Börjesson Axén ◽  
Rudi Soares ◽  
Oskar Wallmark ◽  
Peter Thelin ◽  
Erika Widenkvist Zetterström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Capacitive Properties ◽  
Nimh Battery

Batteries in energy storage systems are exposed to electrical noise, such as alternating current (AC) harmonics. While there have been many studies investigating whether Lithium-ion batteries are affected by AC harmonics, such studies on Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries are scarce. In this study a 10 Ah, 12 V NiMH battery was tested with three different harmonic current frequency overlays during a single charge/discharge cycle: 50 Hz, 100 Hz, and 1000 Hz. No effect on battery internal temperature or gas pressure was found, indicating that NiMH battery aging is not affected by the tested harmonic AC frequencies. This can reduce the cost of energy storage systems, as no extra filters are needed to safeguard the batteries. Instead, the capacitive properties of the batteries give the possibility to use the battery bank itself as a high pass filter, further reducing system complexity and cost.

Microstructural characterization of a cast RENi5-based alloy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1176-1177
Author(s):  
G. M. Micha ◽  
L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cast Condition

RENi5 (RE: rare earth) based alloys have been extensively evaluated for use as an electrode material for nickel-metal hydride batteries. A variety of alloys have been developed from the prototype intermetallic compound LaNi5. The use of mischmetal as a source of rare earth combined with transition metal and Al substitutions for Ni has caused the evolution of the alloy from a binary compound to one containing eight or more elements. This study evaluated the microstructural features of a complex commercial RENi5 based alloy using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The alloy was evaluated in the as-cast condition. Its chemistry in at. pct. determined by bulk techniques was 12.1 La, 3.2 Ce, 1.5 Pr, 4.9 Nd, 50.2 Ni, 10.4 Co, 5.3 Mn and 2.0 Al. The as-cast material was of low strength, very brittle and contained a multitude of internal cracks. TEM foils could only be prepared by first embedding pieces of the alloy in epoxy.

Green separation of lanthanum, cerium and nickel from waste nickel metal hydride battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia J.R. Vargas ◽  
Nicolas Schaeffer ◽  
Jamille C. Souza ◽  
Luis H.M. da Silva ◽  
Maria C. Hespanhol
Keyword(s):  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery ◽  
Green Separation ◽  
Hydride Battery
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