An In Vitro Study of Implant-Tooth-Supported Connections Using a Robot Test System

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
J. P. Sadler ◽  
L. C. Breeding ◽  
D. L. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Test System ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Interfacial Stress ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Occlusal Contact

Many unsolved problems in dental implant research concern the interfacial stress distributions between the implant components, as well as between the implant surface and contacting bone. To obtain a mechanical understanding of how vertical and horizontal occlusal forces are distributed in this context, it is crucial to develop in vitro testing systems to measure the force transmission between dental implants and attached prostheses. A new approach to such testing, involving a robotic system, is described in this investigation. The system has been designed to produce simulated mandibular movements and occlusal contact forces so that various implant designs and procedures can be thoroughly tested and evaluated before animal testing or human clinical trials. Two commonly used fixed prosthesis designs used to connect an implant and a tooth, a rigid connection and a nonrigid connection, were fabricated and used for experimental verification. The displacement and force distributions generated during simulated chewing activities were measured in vitro. Force levels, potentially harmful to human bone surrounding the connected dental implant and tooth, were analyzed. These results are useful in the design of prostheses and connecting components that will reduce failures and limit stress transfer to the implant/bone interface.

scholarly journals Heat Generated During Seating of Dental Implant Fixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Clinically Significant

Frictional heat can be generated during seating of dental implants into a drill-prepared osteotomy. This in vitro study tested the heat generated by implant seating in dense bovine mandible ramus. A thermocouple was placed approximately 0.5 mm from the rim of the osteotomy during seating of each dental implant. Four diameters of implants were tested. The average temperature increases were 0.075°C for the 5.7-mm-diameter implant, 0.97°C for the 4.7-mm-diameter implant, 1.4°C for the 3.7-mm-diameter implant, and 8.6°C for the 2.5-mm-diameter implant. The results showed that heat was indeed generated and a small temperature rise occurred, apparently by the friction of the implant surface against the fresh-cut bone surface. Bone is a poor thermal conductor. The titanium of the implant and the steel of the handpiece are much better heat conductors. Titanium may be 70 times more heat conductive than bone. The larger diameter and displacement implant may act as a heat sink to draw away any heat produced from the friction of seating the implant at the bone-implant interface. The peak temperature duration was momentary, and not measured, but this was approximately less than 1 second. Except for the 2.5-mm-diameter implants, the temperature rises and durations were found to be below those previously deemed to be detrimental, so no clinically significant osseous damage would be expected during dental implant fixture seating of standard and large-diameter-sized implants. A 2.5-mm implant may generate detrimental heat during seating in nonvital bone, but this may be clinically insignificant in vital bone. The surface area and thermal conductivity are important factors in removing generated heat transfer at the bone-implant interface. The F value as determined by analysis of variance was 69.22, and the P value was less than .0001, demonstrating significant differences between the groups considered as a whole.

scholarly journals Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Luigi Laino ◽  
Marcella La Noce ◽  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Gabriele Cervino ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedures ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dental Implant Surface

In the field of biology and medicine, one hears often about stem cells and their potential. The dental implant new surfaces, subjected to specific treatments, perform better and allow for quicker healing times and better clinical performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate from a biological point of view the interaction and cytotoxicity between stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) and titanium surfaces. Through the creation of complex cells/implant, this study is aimed at analyzing the cytotoxicity of dental implant surfaces (Myth (Maipek Manufacturer Industrial Care, Naples, Italy)) and the adhesion capacity of cells on them and at considering the essential factors for implant healing such as osteoinduction and vasculogenesis. These parameters are pointed out through histology (3D cell culture), immunofluorescence, proliferation assays, scanning electron microscopy, and PCR investigations. The results of the dental implant surface and its interaction with the DPSCs are encouraging, obtaining results increasing the mineralization of the tissues. The knowledge of this type of interaction, highlighting its chemical and biological features, is certainly also an excellent starting point for the development of even more performing surfaces for having better healing in the oral surgical procedures related to dental implant positioning.

scholarly journals Decontamination of Dental Implant Surfaces by the Er:YAG Laser Beam: A Comparative in Vitro Study of Various Protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Nejem Wakim ◽  
Melanie Namour ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Andre Peremans ◽  
Toni Zeinoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
Irradiation Energy

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants has revolutionized the field of dentistry and has been proven to be an effective procedure. However, the incidence of peri-implantitis has become an emerging concern. The efficacy of the decontamination of the implant surface, by means of lasers, is still controversial. Previous studies have revealed a reduction in osteoblast adhesion to carbon-contaminated implant surfaces. This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the decontamination of failed implants by assessing the carbon proportion, after irradiation by low-energy erbium yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Er:YAG) (Fotona; 2940 nm, Ljubljana, Slovenia) for a single and for multiple passages, until getting a surface, free of organic matters; to find the appropriate procedure for dental-implant surface-decontamination. Ninety implants were used. Thirty sterile implants were kept as a negative control. Thirty failed implants were irradiated by the Er:YAG laser, for a single passage, and the other thirty, for multiple passages. The parameters used in our experiments were an irradiation energy of 50 mJ, frequency of 30 Hz, and an energy density of 3.76 J/cm2. A sapphire tip, with a length of 8 mm, was used with concomitant water spray irrigation, under air 6 and water spray 4. Super short pulse mode (SSP) was of 50 μs; irradiation speed being 2 mm/s. We used energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to evaluate the carbon proportion on the surfaces of the sterile implants, the contaminated, and the lased implants, with one (LX1) and with three passages (LX3). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results showed mean difference between the three groups (contaminated, LX1, and LX3) with p < 0.0001, as between LX1 and Group A (p < 0.0001), while the difference between LX3 and the control group was not statistically significant. The decontamination of the implant surfaces with a low-energy Er:YAG laser with three passages, appeared to be an encouraging approach.

scholarly journals Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5324
Author(s):  
Maria Menini ◽  
Francesca Delucchi ◽  
Domenico Baldi ◽  
Francesco Pera ◽  
Francesco Bagnasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Titanium Dental Implant Surfaces on Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior. An In Vitro Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6353
Author(s):  
Vittoria D’Esposito ◽  
Josè Camilla Sammartino ◽  
Pietro Formisano ◽  
Alessia Parascandolo ◽  
Domenico Liguoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Titanium Dental Implant ◽  
Adhesive Ability ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Background: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of three different titanium (Ti) implant surfaces on the viability and secretory functions of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from a Bichat fat pad (BFP-MSCs). Methods: Four different Ti disks were used as substrate: (I) D1: smooth Ti, as control; (II) D2: chemically etched, resembling the Kontact S surface; (III) D3: sandblasted, resembling the Kontact surface; (IV) D4: blasted/etched, resembling the Kontact N surface. BFP-MSCs were plated on Ti disks for 72 h. Cell viability, adhesion on disks and release of a panel of cytokines, chemokines and growth factor were evaluated. Results: BFP-MSCs plated in wells with Ti surface showed a viability rate (~90%) and proliferative rate comparable to cells plated without disks and to cells plated on D1 disks. D2 and D4 showed the highest adhesive ability. All the Ti surfaces did not interfere with the release of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors by BFP-MSCs. However, BFP-MSCs cultured on D4 surface released a significantly higher amount of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) compared either to cells plated without disks and to cells plated on D1 and D2. Conclusions: The implant surfaces examined do not impair the BFP-MSCs cell viability and preserve their secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to define the implant surface parameters able to assure the chemokines’ optimal release for a real improvement of dental implant osseointegration.

Bactericidal Effect of the Er:YAG Laser on Dental Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kreisler ◽  
Wolfgang Kohnen ◽  
Claudio Marinello ◽  
Hermann Götz ◽  
Heinz Duschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Vitro Study

scholarly journals Evaluation of Surface Change and Roughness in Implants Lost Due to Peri-Implantitis Using Erbium Laser and Various Methods: An In Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2602
Author(s):  
Aslihan Secgin-Atar ◽  
Gokce Aykol-Sahin ◽  
Necla Asli Kocak-Oztug ◽  
Funda Yalcin ◽  
Aslan Gokbuget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Laser ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Short Pulse Laser ◽  
Laser Group ◽  
Long Pulse

The aim of our study was to obtain similar surface properties and elemental composition to virgin implants after debridement of contaminated titanium implant surfaces covered with debris. Erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, curette, and ultrasonic device were applied to contaminated implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, the elemental profile of the surfaces was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the surface roughness was analyzed with profilometry. Twenty-eight failed implants and two virgin implants as control were included in the study. The groups were designed accordingly; titanium curette group, ultrasonic scaler with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip, Er: YAG very short pulse laser group (100 μs, 120 mJ/pulse 10 Hz), Er: YAG short-pulse laser group (300 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er: YAG long-pulse laser group (600 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG1 laser group (1 W 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG2 laser group (1.5 W, 30 Hz). In each group, four failed implants were debrided for 120 s. When SEM images and EDX findings and profilometry results were evaluated together, Er: YAG long pulse and ultrasonic groups were found to be the most effective for debridement. Furthermore, the two interventions have shown the closest topography of the sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) as seen on virgin implants.

scholarly journals In vitro study on digital splint effect to the accuracy of digital dental implant impression

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (S19) ◽  
pp. 365-365
Author(s):  
Agne Gedrimiene ◽  
Vygandas Rutkunas ◽  
Darius Jegelevicius ◽  
Mykolas Akulauskas ◽  
Dainius Barauskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

Biomimetic in vitro test system for evaluation of dental implant materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070
Author(s):  
Franziska Ehlicke ◽  
Jonathan Berndt ◽  
Nina Marichikj ◽  
Doris Steinmüller-Nethl ◽  
Heike Walles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Test System ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Vitro Test
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