Collagen Fiber Architecture of a Cultured Dermal Tissue

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sacks ◽  
C. J. Chuong ◽  
W. M. Petroll ◽  
M. Kwan ◽  
C. Halberstadt
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Fiber Architecture ◽  
Dermal Tissue ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering ◽  
Inexpensive Technique

Advances in tissue engineering have led to the development of artificially grown dermal tissues for use in burn and ulcer treatments. An example of such an engineered tissue is Dermagraft™, which is grown using human neonatal fibroblasts on rectangular sheets of biodegradable mesh. Using small angle light scattering (SALS), we quantified the collagen fiber architecture of Dermagraft with the mesh scaffold contributions removed through the use of a structurally based optical model. Dermagraft collagen fibers were found to have a preferred direction nearly parallel to the long dimension of the kiteshaped mesh opening with small spatial variations over the mesh. This study demonstrated the utility of SALS as a rapid and inexpensive technique for the evaluation of gross collagen fiber architecture in engineered tissues.

Quantifying the Microstructure of Human Sclera Using Small Angle Light Scattering

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Eskinazi ◽  
Jonathan P. Vande Geest
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Fiber Architecture ◽  
Quantitative Mapping ◽  
Biomechanical Response ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering

The role of mechanical forces in the progression of glaucoma has been suggested to be critical, especially in the region of the lamina cribrosa and optic nerve head [1,2]. However, little is known regarding the quantitative mapping of collagen fiber architecture around the scleral globe. Several experimental investigations into the biomechanical response of ocular tissue from animals [3–5] have been performed while comparatively less information is available for the response of human ocular tissue.

Fiber Kinematics of Small Intestinal Submucosa Subjected to Biaxial Stretch

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Gilbert ◽  
Jonathan Grashow ◽  
Savio L.-Y. Woo ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor ◽  
Michael S. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Small Intestinal Submucosa ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Intestinal Submucosa

Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) of the porcine has been used extensively over the past decade for repair of a variety of connective tissues, and is now being considered for functional tissue engineering applications. Thus, it is important to consider the kinematics of its fibers. The current study investigated the fiber kinematics of SIS in response to multiple stretch patterns using a modified version of a biaxial stretching device integrated with a small angle light scattering (SALS) apparatus (Billiar and Sacks 1997). Each sample was loaded to equibiaxial strain of 10% by stretching in each of the following stretch patterns: 1) first in the preferred fiber direction, then in the cross-preferred direction, 2) first in the cross-preferred direction, then in the preferred direction, and 3) simultaneously in both directions equally. The collagen fiber distributions for the equibiaxial strain states were found to be relatively insensitive to the stretch pattern. Further, an affine transformation calculation based on Lanir (1979) and Billiar and Sacks (1997) was used to predict the strip biaxial and equibiaxial collagen fiber distributions and it was found that while the tissue generally followed the trends expected for an affine material, the intensity levels were not predictive.

Experimental investigation and modelling of light scattering in a-Si:H solar cells deposited on glass/ZnO:Al substrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krc ◽  
M. Zeman ◽  
O. Kluth ◽  
F. Smole ◽  
M. Topic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThe descriptive scattering parameters, haze and angular distribution functions of textured ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxides with different surface roughness are measured. An approach to determine the scattering parameters of all internal interfaces in p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells deposited on the glass/ZnO:Al substrates is presented. Using the determined scattering parameters as the input parameters of the optical model, a good agreement between the measured and simulated quantum efficiencies of the p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells with different interface roughness is achieved.

A Time-Resolved Low-Angle Light Scattering Apparatus. Application to Phase Separation Problems in Polymer Systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Čestmír Koňák ◽  
Jaroslav Holoubek ◽  
Petr Štěpánek
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Phase Separation Kinetics ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering

A time-resolved small-angle light scattering apparatus equipped with azimuthal integration by means of a conical lens or software analysis of scattering patterns detected with a CCD camera was developed. Averaging allows a significant reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio of scattered light and makes this technique suitable for investigation of phase separation kinetics. Examples of applications to time evolution of phase separation in concentrated statistical copolymer solutions and dissolution of phase-separated domains in polymer blends are given.

Small angle light scattering and clusters of thermal donors in Si

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 7235-7238
Author(s):  
A. Kraitchinskii ◽  
M. Kras’ko ◽  
V. Neimash ◽  
L. Shpinar ◽  
V. Tishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering

Coalescence analysis through small-angle light scattering

AIChE Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2644-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Priore ◽  
Lynn M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering

scholarly journals Harnessing wound healing and regeneration for tissue engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Metcalfe ◽  
M.W.J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Mouse Mutant ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Skin Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Ear Injury ◽  
Molecular Manipulation

Biomedical science has made major advances in understanding how cells grow into functioning tissue and the signalling mechanisms used to achieve this are slowly being dissected. Tissue engineering is the application of that knowledge to the building or repairing of organs, including skin, the largest organ in the body. Generally, engineered tissue is a combination of living cells and a supporting matrix. Besides serving as burn coverings, engineered skin substitutes can help patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Today, most of these ulcers are treated with an approach that includes antibiotics, glucose control, special shoes and frequent cleaning and bandaging. The results of such treatments are often disappointing and ineffectual, and scarring remains a major problem, mechanically, cosmetically and psychologically. Within our group we are attempting to address this by investigating novel approaches to skin tissue engineering. We are identifying novel therapeutic manipulations to improve the degree of integration between a tissue engineered dermal construct and the host by both molecular manipulation of growth factors but also by understanding and harnessing mechanisms of regenerative biology. For the purpose of this summary, we will concentrate primarily on the latter of these two approaches in that we have identified a novel mouse mutant that completely and perfectly regenerates skin and cartilaginous components following ear injury. This experimental animal will allow us to characterize not only novel genes involved in the regeneration process but also to utilize cells from such animals in artificial skin equivalents to assess their behaviour compared with normal cells. This approach should allow us to create a tissue-engineered substitute, which more closely resembles the normal regional microanatomy and physiology of the skin, allowing better integration to the host with minimal or no scarring.

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