Commercial Boiler Waste-Heat Utilization for Air Conditioning in Developing Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Garimella ◽  
V. S. Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Electric Capacity ◽  
Annual Operating Cost ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Cooling Loads

This study investigates the utilization of waste heat from commercial process steam boilers for air conditioning using absorption cooling systems. An ammonia-water generator absorber heat exchange system was developed and modeled to use waste heat from the boiler flue gases and deliver chilled water. Based on approximately 1000 process steam boilers at an average throughput of 2000 kg/h in one metropolitan area in India, the study estimates that installation of these systems could result in annual operating cost savings of $10,200,000 in this region alone. These 1000 systems would also reduce the installed electric capacity needs by 16 MW. Annual coal consumption would decrease by 87,000 tonnes, while ash production would decrease by 39,000 tonnes. Carbon-based emissions are estimated to decrease by 176,000 tonnes. Therefore, installation of these systems on a countrywide basis and also in other developing countries with high year-round cooling loads and coal-based power generation would significantly alleviate installed power capacity shortages, conserve energy resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Solar Adsorption Technologies for Automobile Air-Conditioning

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Abdullah ◽  
S. L. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Adsorption Refrigeration ◽  
Adsorption Technology ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Automobile Air Conditioning

An adsorption system driven by solar heat or waste heat can help to eliminate the use of ozone depletion substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). In recent years, adsorption system has witnessed an increasing interest in many fields due to the fact that this system is quiet, long lasting, cheap to maintain and environmentally benign. Although adsorption system is not commonly used for automobile air conditioning, adsorption-cooled mini-refrigerators have been marketed for recreational transports (motor homes, boats, etc). Hence, there exists a need for a creative design and innovation to allow adsorption technology to be practical for air conditioning in automobile. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review on the past efforts in the field of solar adsorption refrigeration systems and also the feasibility study of this technology for automobile airconditioning purpose. It is a particularly an attractive application for solar energy because of the near coincidence of peak cooling loads with the available of solar power.

scholarly journals Is Astronomical Research Appropriate for Developing Countries?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael. S. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Annual Operating Cost ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
European Renaissance

AbstractAn unproductive 45-cm astronomical telescope, given by JICA (Japan) to Sri Lanka, raises general questions as to the reasons for unproductive pure science in developing countries. Before installation, site, maintenance, and scientific objectives were discussed. The facility was launched with a conference organised by the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. Unfortunately, no research or significant education has resulted after four years. The annual operating cost is U.S. $5000 per year, including salary for a trainee, maintenance, and a modest promotional programme. Comparison with a similar installation in Auckland suggests lack of funding or technical competence do not explain the failure in Sri Lanka. The facility in New Zealand, on the roof of Auckland University’s Physics Department, has a slightly smaller budget but has led to modest but useful research and teaching. Lack of financial backing and expertise are often blamed for weak science in developing countries, but examination shows most of these countries have adequately skilled people, and plenty of resources for religion and military. General lack of motivation for science appears to be the principal reason. This lack of interest and highly inefficient bureaucracies are common to scientifically unproductive countries. They mostly lack the cultural and philosphical base of the European Renaissance that motivate the pursuit of modern science, an activity that violates human preferences. There are excellent facilities (ESO, SAAO, Cerro Tololo, and GONG) in some of these same countries, when administered from the West.

scholarly journals Research of cooling load & chiller selection in metro station

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Wang ◽  
Jiachen Zhong ◽  
Zudong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Annual Operating Cost ◽  
Centrifugal Chiller

Abstract Air conditioning is of the most energy saving potential system in the metro station. This study analyzes the composition and characteristics of air conditioning cooling load in a metro station. The hourly distribution and the proportion of each cooling load are calculated. The results show that cooling load fluctuation of metro air conditioning is large, and the operating time of different load varies greatly. According to the air conditioning cooling load, the coefficient of performance of the fixed frequency screw, variable frequency screw, series countercurrent screw and magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller under the load of 20–100% are tested. The annual operating cost of four chillers is compared. Test results show that the magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller has a much higher coefficient of performance at part load and lower annual operating cost. Increased initial investment can be recovered in less than 2 years. The magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller is suitable as a cold source of air conditioning system in the metro station.

Analysis of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger (HPHE) For Waste Heat Recovery from an Air Conditioning System

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
R. Sudhakaran ◽  
◽  
V. Sella Durai ◽  
T. Kannan ◽  
P.S. Sivasakthievel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Pipe Heat

Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akili D. Khawaji ◽  
Jong-Mihn Wie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.

Performance of a Diesel Locomotive Waste-Heat-Powered Adsorption Air Conditioning System

Adsorption ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Z. Lu ◽  
R.Z. Wang ◽  
S. Jianzhou ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
Y.X. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Air Conditioning System

scholarly journals Waste heat energy utilization in refrigeration and air-conditioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar Singh ◽  
Saif Nawaz Ahmad ◽  
Neeraj Priyadarshi ◽  
Md Obaidur Rahman ◽  
A K Bhoi
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization

scholarly journals Modified High Back-Pressure Heating System Integrated with Raw Coal Pre-Drying in Combined Heat and Power Unit

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Chen ◽  
Zhen Qi ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Yunyun Wu ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
Saving Effect

A conceptual high-back pressure (HBP) heating system cooperating raw coal pre-drying for combined heat and power (CHP) was proposed to improve the performance of the HBP-CHP unit. In the new design, besides of heating the supply-water of the heating network, a portion of the exhaust steam from the turbine is employed to desiccate the raw coal prior to the coal pulverizer, which further recovers the waste heat of the exhaust steam and contributes to raising the overall efficiency of the unit. Thermodynamic and economic analyzes were conducted based on a typical 300 MW coal-fired HBP-CHP unit with the application of the modified configuration. The results showed that the power generation thermal efficiency promotion of the unit reaches 1.7% (absolute value) owing to suggested retrofitting, and meanwhile, the power generation standard coal consumption rate is diminished by 5.8 g/kWh. Due to the raw coal pre-drying, the energy loss of the exhaust flue gas of the boiler is reduced by 19.1% and the boiler efficiency increases from 92.7% to 95.4%. The impacts of the water content of the dried coal and the unit heating capacity on the energy-saving effect of the new concept were also examined.

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