Die-Casting Feature Recognition for Automated Parting Direction and Parting Line Determination

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Madan ◽  
P. V. M. Rao ◽  
T. K. Kundra
Keyword(s):  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Present System ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cast Part ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Parting Direction ◽  
Casting Industry

Determining parting direction and parting line for die-cast parts is a nontrivial task that not only depends upon shape and topology of the part, but also on many process related factors. Normally, a die-casting expert decides parting direction and parting line, intuitively taking into account a large number of factors, and this process can be time consuming and cumbersome in many cases. This study addresses automated determination of parting direction and parting line for a die-cast part from part CAD model. The proposed methodology takes STEP file of the part as input for extracting die-casting features, which consists of protrusion or depression regions of the part. These features are classified into those with single, double, or multiple withdrawal directions. Geometric reasoning is used for feature recognition, which includes nested and interacting features. Global visibility instead of local visibility is used for planning withdrawal direction, which makes the decision arrived by present system closer to industrial practice. Parting line is determined based on selected candidate parting direction considering process constraints and priorities. The contribution of this paper is in terms of development of an automated parting direction and parting line determination system, which is more comprehensive and overcomes limitations of the previous work. Results of this system have been validated with those arrived at by experts from the die-casting industry.

An Automated System for Design for Manufacturability Analysis for Die-Casting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Jatinder Madan
Keyword(s):  
Die Casting ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Design For Manufacturability ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Present System ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Cast Part ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Cad Models

Design for manufacturing (DFM) is an important concept that helps to incorporate manufacturability considerations at early design stage. Development of automated DFM tools has become important especially when design and manufacturing are being done by different teams often distantly located. An automated system for design for manufacturability analysis for die-cast parts has been presented in this paper. The paper discusses: (i) knowledgebase of DFM guidelines (ii) die casting feature extraction from part CAD model, and (iii) automated system for DFM analysis and model updation of the die-cast part CAD model. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by applying it on die cast part CAD models. The results have been validated with the industrial experts. The present system works with CAD models having features such as boss, rib, hole and draft, created using feature based modeling.

Homogeneity of Aluminum Castings and Dependency on Increasing Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Stefan Gaspar ◽  
Jan Pasko
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Castings ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Die Castings ◽  
The Impact

The production of die castings cast into a metal mold has in recent years achieved an expansive growth in the volume as well as the range of production and that is particularly in aviation and automobile industry. In the process of die casting the final quality of a cast is influenced by a great number of factors. The main factors of die casting are: pressing velocity, increase pressure, the melt temperature and the mold temperature. A primary criterion for achieving reliability, efficiency and quality of production is to ensure minimization of the castings defects occurrence in castings correct setting technological factors of die casting. The presented paper deals with the experimental assessment of the impact of increase pressure on the mechanical properties and homogeneity of a die cast.

Research on the Impact of Increase Pressure on the Homogeneity of the Cast in Die Casting Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1091 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Stefan Gaspar ◽  
Jan Pasko ◽  
Slavko Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Die Castings ◽  
The Impact

The production of die castings cast into a metal mold has in recent years achieved an expansive growth in the volume as well as the range of production and that is particularly in aviation and automobile industry. In the process of die casting the final quality of a cast is influenced by a great number of factors. The main factors of die casting are: pressing velocity, increase pressure, the melt temperature and the mold temperature. A primary criterion for achieving reliability, efficiency and quality of production is to ensure minimization of the castings defects occurrence in castings correct setting technological factors of die casting. The presented paper deals with the experimental assessment of the impact of increase pressure on the mechanical properties and homogeneity of a die cast.

MAGNESIUM AZ91B

Alloy Digest ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Casting Industry ◽  
Magnesium Die Casting

Abstract MAGNESIUM AZ91B is a standard magnesium die casting alloy patterned for the needs of the commercial casting industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Mg-36. Producer or source: Apex Smelting Company.

ZA-12

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Casting Alloys ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aluminum Smelting ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
Intermediate Member

Abstract ZA-12 is the intermediate member of the family of three ZA die-casting alloys. Its melting point, solidification range and recommended casting-temperature range are greater than those of ZA-8. (See Alloy Digest Zn-48, January 1990). Due to these factors, ZA-12 must be die cast in cold chamber die-casting machines like conventional aluminum die-casting alloys. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Zn-49. Producer or source: Aluminum Smelting and Refining Company Inc.. See also Alloy Digest Zn-31, September 1977.

Melt Quality Assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Dispinar
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Liquid Aluminum ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Cast Part ◽  
Crystalline Oxide ◽  
Pressure Die Casting

It is well known that the reaction of liquid aluminum with the moisture in the environment results in two products: aluminum oxide and hydrogen gas that dissolves in aluminum. Both of these products are considered to be detrimental to the properties of aluminum alloys. Therefore, test equipment has been developed to check the levels of these defects in the melt. Many of these involve expensive and consumable tools. In addition, an experienced personnel may be required to interpret the results. Nonetheless, aluminum oxide is harmless as long as it remains on the surface. The problem begins when this oxide is entrained into the liquid aluminum such as turbulence during transfer or mold filling in a non-optimized design. This can only happen by folding of the oxide. During this action, rough surface of the oxides comes in contact to form no bonds. These defects are known as bifilms that have certain characteristics. First, they act as cracks in the cast parts since they are oxides. It is important to note that aluminum oxide has thin amorphous oxide (known as young oxides) and thick crystalline oxide (γ-Al2O3) that may be formed in a casting operation. Second, almost zero force is required to open these bifilms due to the unbonded folded oxide skins. Thus, these defects can easily form porosity by unravelling during solidification shrinkage. On the other hand, the formation of porosity by hydrogen is practically impossible. Theoretically, hydrogen has high solubility in the liquid but it has significantly low solubility in solid aluminum. Thus, it is suspected that hydrogen is rejected from the solidification front to form hydrogen gas and porosity. However, the hydrogen atom has the smallest atomic radii and high diffusibility. Therefore, segregation of hydrogen in front of the growing solid is difficult. In addition, the energy required for hydrogen atoms to segregate and form hydrogen gas molecule is around 30,000 atm. Under these conditions, porosity formation by hydrogen is not likely to be achieved. Hydrogen probably stays in a supersaturated state or diffuses homogeneously through the cast part. The effect of hydrogen can only be seen when it can diffuse into the unbonded gap between the bifilms to open them up to aid the unravelling of bifilms to form porosity. This phenomenon can be easily detected by a very simple test called reduced pressure test. When a sample is solidified under vacuum, the bifilms start to open up. Since all porosity is formed by bifilms, the cross section of the sample solidified under vacuum can be analyzed by means of image analysis software. The sum of maximum length of pores can be measured as an indication of melt quality. Since bifilms are the most detrimental defects, this value is called “bifilm index” given in millimetres, which makes this test the only test that can quantify aluminum melt quality in such detail including both the effects of bifilms and hydrogen together. Several Al-Si alloys were used at various conditions: degassing with lance, ceramic diffusers, and graphite rotary has been compared. Gravity sand casting, die casting, and low-pressure die casting methods were evaluated. The effect of grain refiners and modifiers was studied. And the evolution of the bifilm index has been presented.

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency: The Problem and Approaches to its Solution

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive E. West
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Intractable Problem ◽  
Year 2000

Anaemia is associated with increased perinatal mortality, increased child morbidity and mortality, behavioural changes and impaired mental development, decreased work performance, increased susceptibility to lead poisoning, and impaired immune competence. Iron-deficiency anaemia is an intractable problem, as indicated by the goal set by world leaders of reducing nutritional anaemia to one-third of 1990 levels by the year 2000, compared with the goals of virtually eliminating deficiencies of vitamin A and of iodine during the same period. To a large extent, this is because intake is less associated with status for iron than for iodine and vitamin A. The demand for iron varies throughout the life cycle, and the bioavailability of iron varies over a wide range because of a number of factors, such as the species of iron compound, the molecular linkage, the amount of nutrient consumed in a meal, the matrix in which the nutrient is incorporated, the absorption modifiers, the nutrient status of the host, genetic factors, other host-related factors, and interactions among factors.

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