Load Response Characteristics of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell for Individual Cold-Region Houses

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin’ya Obara
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Load Fluctuation ◽  
Power Load

The power load pattern of an individual house is a set of loads that fluctuate rapidly. If it is controlled to follow a system at rapid load fluctuation, depending on the response characteristics of the system, the equipment may have poor power quality (voltage and frequency). When introducing a fuel cell system into a house, it is necessary to consider two transient response characteristics: electric power and heat power. Then, the details of the transient response characteristics of the fuel cell system composed from a reformer, a fuel cell, an inverter, a system interconnection device, etc., are investigated by experiment and numerical analysis. As a result, the control variables of the controllers and the relation to the response characteristics of the fuel cell system were clarified. Furthermore, the response characteristics of the system when accompanied by a load fluctuation of power were also clarified. The response characteristics when introducing the energy demand pattern of an individual cold-region house into a fuel cell system geothermal heat pump were analyzed. From this analysis result, the details of operation, including each auxiliary machine of the fuel cell system, were clarified.

scholarly journals A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Khlid Ben Hamad ◽  
Doudou N. Luta ◽  
Atanda K. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Harmonic Distortions

As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

Thermodynamic, exergetic, and thermoeconomic analyses of a 1-kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system fueled by natural gas

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 119362
Author(s):  
Seok-Ho Seo ◽  
Si-Doek Oh ◽  
Jinwon Park ◽  
Hwanyeong Oh ◽  
Yoon-Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Exchange Membrane
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