Support Force Measures of Midsized Men in Seated Positions

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Reid Bush ◽  
Robert P. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Support Force ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Four Levels

Two areas not well researched in the field of seating mechanics are the distribution of normal and shear forces, and how those forces change with seat position. The availability of these data would be beneficial for the design and development of office, automotive and medical seats. To increase our knowledge in the area of seating mechanics, this study sought to measure the normal and shear loads applied to segmental supports in 12 seated positions, utilizing three inclination angles and four levels of seat back articulation that were associated with automotive driving positions. Force data from six regions, including the thorax, sacral region, buttocks, thighs, feet, and hand support were gathered using multi-axis load cells. The sample contained 23 midsized subjects with an average weight of 76.7kg and a standard deviation of 4.2kg, and an average height of 1745mm with a standard deviation of 19mm. Results were examined in terms of seat back inclination and in terms of torso articulation for relationships between seat positions and support forces. Using a repeated measures analysis, significant differences (p<0.05) were identified for normal forces relative to all inclination angles except for forces occurring at the hand support. Other significant differences were observed between normal forces behind the buttocks, pelvis, and feet for torso articulations. Significant differences in the shear forces occurred under the buttocks and posterior pelvis during changes in seat back inclination. Significant differences in shear forces were also identified for torso articulations. These data suggest that as seat back inclination or torso articulation change, significant shifts in force distribution occur.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Mobilization and Stretching for Shoulder in CrossFitters: A Randomized Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Marcos Jusdado-García ◽  
Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization

Background. The shoulder in CrossFit should have a balance between mobility and stability. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and posterior shoulder stiffness are risk factors for overhead shoulder injury. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and horizontal adduction stretch in CrossFit practitioners’ shoulders. Methods: Twenty-one regular CrossFitters were allocated to experimental (stretching with isometric contraction and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization) or control groups (instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization). Each session lasted 5 min, 2 days a week, over a period of 4 weeks. Shoulder internal rotation and horizontal adduction (digital inclinometer), as well as posterior shoulder stretch perception (Park scale), were evaluated. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to analyze the distribution of the sample. Parametric Student’s t-test was used to obtain the intragroup differences. The inter- and intra-rater differences were calculated using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Average age was 30.81 years (SD: 5.35), with an average height of 178 (SD: 7.93) cm and average weight of 82.69 (SD: 10.82) kg. Changes were found in the experimental group following intervention (p < 0.05), and when comparing baseline and follow-up assessments (p < 0.05) in all variables. Significant differences were found in the control group following intervention (p < 0.05), in right horizontal adduction and left internal rotation. When comparing the perception of internal rotation and horizontal adduction in both groups, significant differences were found. Conclusions. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization can improve shoulder horizontal adduction and internal rotation. An instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization technique yields the same results alone as those achieved in combination with post-isometric stretch with shoulder adduction.

scholarly journals Effect of growth path on the performance and carcass traits of Hereford steers finished either on pasture or in feedlot

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Peripolli ◽  
Georgget Banchero ◽  
Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Brito ◽  
Alejandro La Manna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Management ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional management treatments during the rearing period on the performance and carcass traits of Hereford steers finished either on pasture or in feedlot. Two hundred and forty male Hereford calves, weaned at 8 months of age with an average weight of 170 ± 17 kg, were used. After weaning, four nutritional treatments were imposed on the calves so as to obtain different daily liveweight gains (LWGs, kg/day) during the first winter (winter-growth phase). The nutritional management groups were high LWG in feedlot (HF), low LWG in feedlot (LF), high LWG on pasture (HP) and low LWG on pasture (LP). Finishing phase began when each group reached a mean liveweight (LW) of 350 ± 28 kg. During this phase, one half of the HF, LF, HP and LP animals were finished on pasture and the other half in feedlot. The animals were slaughtered when each group attained a mean LW of 500 kg. The carcass traits ribeye area (cm2) and backfat thickness (mm) were measured by ultrasonography. Liveweight, LWG and ultrasonography records were analysed by repeated-measures analysis. DM intake as a percentage of LW and feed conversion ratio (FCR; kg DM/kg LW) during feedlot were analysed by ANOVA. Least-square means for LWGs of pasture-finished animals were 0.807, 0.799, 0.819c and 0.782 kg/day for HF, LF, HP and LP respectively. Least-square means for LWG of feedlot-finished animals were 1.569, 1.554, 1.484 and 1.431 kg/day for HF, LF, HP and LP respectively. Least-square means for FCR in feedlot were 7.12, 7.20, 7.97 and 8.92 for HF, LF, HP and LP respectively. Hot carcass weight had a similar trend as did LWG. Feedlot-finished animals attained heavier hot carcass weights once they received a better nutritional management during the first winter. The growth-group management did not affect (P > 0.05) dressing percentage. The carcasses of feedlot-finished animals showed higher (P < 0.05) dressing percentages than did carcasses of pasture-finished animals. Nutritional feeding management during the first winter had permanent effects on growth, carcass and FCR traits; however, the prevalence of these effects depended on the feeding system during the finishing phase. On the basis of the results obtained in the study, it is recommended that animals receive an adequate nutritional management during the first winter so as to maximise their future performance, especially for intensive beef-cattle growing–finishing systems. However, if the animals have been subjected to restriction during early growth, they should be finished under pasture conditions.

scholarly journals Growth of broad-nosed caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802) hatchlings, fed with diets of animal origin

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. PINHEIRO ◽  
A. LAVORENTI
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Wet Weight

The study was carried out to evaluate the growth rate of broad-nosed caiman, Caiman latirostris hatchlings, fed on four animal protein diets: (a) dead poultry from a poultry farm; (b) dead piglet from nursery and farrowing house in a swine farm; (c) whole tilapia (Tilapia rendalli e Oreochromis niloticus); and (d) a balanced mixture of a, b, and c sources. Sixteen seven-month old caimans, average weight of 208 g and, 38 cm of total lenght (TL) were distributed in four treatments. Four groups of four caimans each were placed in cement enclosures inside a greenhouse. Diets were supplied at the average rate of 97.8% ± 34.8% of the body weight per week (average and standard deviation; wet weight basis). Body mass and total length of caimans were measured every 30 days for six months (Nov. 1995-April. 1996). An analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed. Diets provided suitable growth for weight and TL (mean ± standard deviation, respectively): (a) 2,157 ± 743 g and 79.5 ± 6.9 cm; (b) 1,811 ± 222 g and 75.7 ± 1.9 cm; (c) 2,431 ± 780 g and 80.7 ± 5.8 cm; (d) 1,683.5 ± 736 g and 74.5 ± 7.2 cm. There was no significant effect of diet on weight, but diet effect on TL of hatchlings approached significance (p < 0.10). It is concluded that all diets have good potential, in growth sense, to be used in commercial farms or ranches and for captivity propagation programs of caimans.

scholarly journals Apically Extruded Debris following Programmed Over Instrumentation of Curved Canals with Three Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Daoud Yammine ◽  
Edgard Antoine Jabbour
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Objectives This in vitro study aimed to compare the amount of mixed and dried debris extruded with three endodontic NiTi (nickel–titanium) systems at three levels beyond the major apical foramen. The null hypothesis is that there would be no differences between the different rotary systems in terms of apically extruded debris. Materials and Methods  Forty-eight roots of human extracted molars with 20 to 40-degrees curvature were divided randomly into three groups (n = 16) instrumented with ProTaper Next, BT RaCe, and WaveOne Gold, respectively. Instrumentation was performed at the major foramen and over instrumented 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm beyond. Irrigation was performed with sodium hypochlorite. Apically extruded debris was collected. Results Comparison of mixed extruded debris (solution/debris)and dried debris according to group and level of instrumentation showed that WaveOne Gold at the foramen and ProTaper Next beyond the foramen (p < 0.0001) resulted in significantly less extruded debris than other files and within the four levels using repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.0001b). Conclusions All systems exhibit extruded debris during instrumentation but in different amounts.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Inter-Session and InterExaminer Reliability of Corneal Power Measurement Using Various Keratometry Instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Muziman Syah MM ◽  
Mutalib HA ◽  
Sharanjeet Kaur MS ◽  
Khairidzan Khairidzan MK
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Corneal Power ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Interexaminer Reliability ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Power Measurements

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate inter-session repeatability, inter-examiner reproducibility and inter-device agreement of corneal power measurements from manual keratometer, autokeratometer, topographer, Pentacam high resolution and IOLMaster. Methods: Two sets of mean corneal power measurements (n=40) were compared for inter-session repeatability and inter-examiner reproducibility in each instrument. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated by within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (COV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A oneway repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to compare differences in the corneal power between each instrument pair. The Bland and Altman analysis and Pearson’s correlation were employed to assess agreement and determine strength of relationship between measurements. Results: There were no significant differences in mean corneal power measurements between 2 different visits (p > 0.05). The Sw and COV values between 2 visits were lower than 0.09 D and 0.20 % respectively. The ICCs were stronger than 0.99 in all instruments. For reproducibility of each instrument, differences of the measurements between 2 different examiners were also insignificant (p > 0.05). The Sw and COV values between 2 examiners were lower than 0.11 D and 0.23 % respectively. The ICCs were 0.99 and above in all instruments. The 95% limit of agreement between instruments ranged from -0.29 to 1.13 D and the r-values were stronger than 0.84. Conclusion: The corneal power measurements using these 5 instruments were repeatable and reproducible. These instruments can also be used interchangeably, however the topographer should be used with caution.

Efektivitas Comprehensive Breastfeeding Education terhadap Keberhasilan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Postpartum

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nurbaeti ◽  
Kustati Budi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) masih merupakan masalah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi baru lahir. Dukungan agar ibu menyusui bayi merupakan hal penting dalam menginisiasi dan mempertahankan pemberian ASI. Strategi dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas comprehensive breastfeeding education terhadap keberhasilan pemberian (ASI) pada periode postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen one group pre post test repeated measured design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 ibu dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Oktober 2013 di Puskesmas wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sebelum intervensi, 3 hari setelah intervensi (post1), dan 10 hari setelah intervensi (post 2). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI berdasar pada parameter pengetahuan, langkah menyusui, perlekatan bayi, dan kecukupan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan general linear model repeated measureANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya signifikansi comprehensive breastfeeding education (p=0.001). Rata-rata keberhasilan pemberian ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi meningkat. Sebesar 93,9% intervensi memengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan. Rata-rata sebelum intervensi 56,74 (SD 5,92), post 1 sebesar 60,83 (SD 6,38) dan post2 sebesar 74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariabel yang memiliki efek secara signifikan setelah intervensi adalah pengetahuan (p=0.001) dan langkah menyusui (p=0.001), sedangkan subvariabel perlekatan bayi (p=0.061) dan kecukupan ASI (p=0.162) tidak secara signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pelaksanaanbreastfeeding education disarankan pada ibu agar dapat melakukan posisi perlekatan bayi yang benar sehingga dapat mengurangi masalah-masalah berkaitan dengan perlekatan yang tidak sesuai seperti puting perih, lecet atau berdarah, dan bayi kurang puas dalam menyusu yang bisa mengakibatkan gagalnya program ASI ekslusif.Kata kunci:Menyusui, pendidikan, perlekatan, postpartum AbstractBreastfeeding have still been problem for adequate newborn nutrition. Adequate breastfeeding support is essential for mothers to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices. A strategic needed to support successful breastfeeding. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness comprehensive breastfeeding education on successful breastfeeding at postpartum periods. A quasi-experimental one group pretest, post test, repeated mesaured was used. This study was conducted at public health in Tangerang Selatan municipality in September–October 2013 among 22 postpartum mothers, convenience sampling methods. Intervention was done 30 minute. Data were collected before intervention (pretest), third day after intervention (post 1) and tenth day after intervention (repeated/post 2) using four parameter, that are knowledge, breastfeeding steps, proper lacth-on and adequate breastmilk. Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p=0.001) in the overall Successful breastfeeding mean. Around 93,9% the effectiveness of intervention influence on successful. The mean before intervention is 56,74 (SD 5,92), increased at post 1:60,83 (SD 6,38) and post 2:74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariable which has effect significantly after intervention is knowledge (p=0.001) and breastfeeding steps (p=0.001), in contrary, proper latch-on (p=0,061) and adequate breastmilk (p=0.162) have no significant effect after intervention. Suggestion to support breastfeeding education and counselling proper latch-on adequately that can decrease the problem such as painful, creaks or bloody putting.Key words: Breastfeeding, education, latch-on, postpartum

scholarly journals Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
W. Guy Hornsby ◽  
Abigail L. Tice ◽  
Jason D. Stone ◽  
Justin J. Merrigan ◽  
Joshua Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Division I ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Division 1

The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons for four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 baseball players. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, revealing significant univariate effects of time for peak force (PF) (p = 0.003) and peak force allometrically scaled (PFa) (p = 0.002). Increases in PF were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.031) and season 3 (p = 0.004), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.232). Additionally, increases in PFa were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.010) and season 3 (p < 0.001), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.052). Home runs per game rose from the 2009 (0.32) to 2010 season (1.35) and dropped during the 2011 season (1.07). A unique aspect of the study involves 2010 being the season in which ball-bat coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) bats were introduced to the NCAA competition.

Effects of riparian forest thinning by two types of mechanical harvest on stream fish and habitat in northern Minnesota

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel A. Hemstad ◽  
Eric C. Merten ◽  
Raymond M. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
North Central ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Stream System ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Wide Scale

The response of fish communities and stream habitat to four riparian harvest treatments was studied in north-central Minnesota to determine if riparian harvest with two different harvest systems degrades stream systems. Treatments included control (no harvest), riparian control, cut-to-length riparian thin, and tree length riparian thin. Fish and habitat data were collected from 50 m reaches above, within, and downstream of each treatment 1 year preharvest (1997) and 3 years postharvest (1998–2000). Repeated measures analysis revealed few effects due to treatment; however, there was a 6%–10% significant reduction in canopy cover. Percent fine sediments increased significantly (15%) system-wide following forest harvest and persisted through 2000. This increase in fine sediments was correlated with a decrease in fish biotic integrity (r = –0.31). Habitat and fish variables were influenced more by year-to-year variation than by harvest treatment, suggesting that factors operating at a broader basin-wide scale may influence fish and habitat or mask any site-level harvest effects in this low-gradient stream system. Residual riparian basal areas ≥12.3m2/ha along reaches ≤200 m in length may be adequate to protect fish and habitat in these low-gradient streams, but basin-wide effects of harvest deserve more scrutiny.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Novel Methods for Sink Drain Disinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s180-s180
Author(s):  
Muhammed Fawwaz Haq ◽  
Lucas Jones ◽  
Natalia Pinto Herrera ◽  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Philip Carling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Background: Sink drainage systems are a potential reservoir for the dissemination of gram-negative bacilli but are not amenable to standard methods of cleaning and disinfection. Pouring liquid disinfectants down drains has only a limited and transient effect on drain colonization, presumably due to inadequate disinfectant contact time and suboptimal penetration into areas harboring biofilm-associated organisms. Methods: We compared the antimicrobial efficacy of 2 novel sink disinfection methods intended to enhance disinfectant contact time and penetration. Healthcare facility sinks were randomly assigned to disinfection with 300 mL hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant applied either as a foam (N = 13 sinks) or instilled for 30 minutes behind a temporary obstruction created by an inflated urinary catheter balloon (N = 12 sinks). Swabs were used to collect quantitative cultures from the proximal sink drain to depth of 2.5 cm (1 inch) below the strainer before treatment and at 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the efficacy of the 2 treatments. Results: As shown in Fig. 1, both methods yielded an initial reduction of >3 log10 CFU of gram-negative bacilli. Over the 7-day follow-up period, disinfectant instillation resulted in significantly greater reduction than the foam application (P < .01). Recovery of sink colonization to >2 log per swab occurred at day 3 for both treatments, whereas recovery to >3 log per swab occurred on day 3 for the foam treatment versus day 7 for disinfectant instillation. Conclusions: Two novel disinfection methods were effective in reducing sink drain colonization for several days. The instillation method was more effective than the foam method in maintaining reductions over 7 days.Funding: NoneDisclosures: NoneDisclosures: NoneFunding: None

Racial Battle Fatigue: The Experiences of Black/African American, Biracial Black, and Multiracial Black Identified Graduate Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 009579842110026
Author(s):  
Catherine C. Ragland Woods ◽  
Krista M. Chronister ◽  
Aleksandria Perez Grabow ◽  
William E. Woods ◽  
Kyndl Woodlee
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Black African ◽  
Student Role ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
White Institutions ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Battle Fatigue ◽  
Clinical Graduate Students

Black students attending historically White institutions of higher education experience racism, racial microaggressions, racial stress, and consequent racial battle fatigue (RBF; Franklin et al., 2014). We examined Black counseling and clinical graduate students’ (BGS) experiences of psychological, physiological, and behavioral RBF across their roles as students in class, advisees, and supervisees and differences in RBF experiences by gender and race. Participants were 57 counseling and clinical graduate students who identified as Monoracial, Biracial, or Multiracial Black. One-way, repeated measures analysis of variance results showed that BGS experienced the highest levels of RBF in their student-in-class role, and those experiences differed for women and men. Results suggest that the RBF framework has utility for measuring and further understanding how BGS’ student role and learning contexts influence their postsecondary experiences and how institutions can develop better supports for this student population.

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