scholarly journals Online and In Synch

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (06) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Jean Thilmany
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Negotiation Theory ◽  
Negotiation Research

This article explains the concept of systems and negotiations theory. The article also discusses that by applying complex systems and negotiation research to collaborative design, research scientists have come up with several sound ideas to help engineers work together toward the best product possible. According to experts, the marketplace is making increasing demands for innovative, sustainable design. Many engineered products will have to be different from anything conceptualized today. In order to get there, engineers are going to have to work together in the smoothest possible manner. Using knowledge about systems and negotiation theory, researchers have turned their attention to the way that engineers negotiate as they work together on a single design. Researchers found that to get the best digital model possible, everyone involved must give a little. The article explains that collaboration was the norm when Boeing and Marshall Space Flight Center engineers worked on the lab module for the International Space Station.

scholarly journals Estimated Muscle Loads During Squat Exercise in Microgravity Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Fregly ◽  
Brandon T. Kim ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
John K. De Witt ◽  
Benjamin J. Fregly
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Resistive Exercise ◽  
International Space ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Term Space Flight ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

Loss of muscle mass in microgravity is one of the primary factors limiting long-term space flight [1]. NASA researchers have developed a number of exercise devices to address this problem. The most recent is the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) [2], which is currently used by astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) to emulate typical free-weight exercises in microgravity. ARED exercise on the ISS is intended to reproduce Earth-level muscle loads, but the actual muscle loads produced remain unknown as they cannot currently be measured directly.

Lichen Vitality After a Space Flight on Board the EXPOSE-R2 Facility Outside the International Space Station: Results of the Biology and Mars Experiment

Astrobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa de la Torre Noetzel ◽  
Maria Victoria Ortega García ◽  
Ana Zélia Miller ◽  
Olga Bassy ◽  
Carmen Granja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space

scholarly journals Hemolysis contributes to anemia during long-duration space flight

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Trudel ◽  
Nibras Shahin ◽  
Timothy Ramsay ◽  
Odette Laneuville ◽  
Hakim Louati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Alveolar Air ◽  
International Space ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hemoglobin Degradation

AbstractAnemia in astronauts has been noted since the first space missions, but the mechanisms contributing to anemia in space flight have remained unclear. Here, we show that space flight is associated with persistently increased levels of products of hemoglobin degradation, carbon monoxide in alveolar air and iron in serum, in 14 astronauts throughout their 6-month missions onboard the International Space Station. One year after landing, erythrocytic effects persisted, including increased levels of hemolysis, reticulocytosis and hemoglobin. These findings suggest that the destruction of red blood cells, termed hemolysis, is a primary effect of microgravity in space flight and support the hypothesis that the anemia associated with space flight is a hemolytic condition that should be considered in the screening and monitoring of both astronauts and space tourists.

scholarly journals A methodology for research in space archaeology: The International Space Station Archaeological Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Walsh ◽  
Alice C. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Mission Design ◽  
International Space ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Archaeological Project

Space archaeology is a sub-field of contemporary archaeology that studies the material culture associated with human activity in outer space. Until recently, archaeologists faced significant obstacles to performing research on sites in space, due to both costs and inaccessibility. The International Space Station Archaeological Project (ISSAP) has developed new methods based on creative re-imaginings of traditional archaeological practices. As well as contributing to future mission design, research on human habitations in space can open new perspectives on human action in terrestrial environments, such as the effect of gravity.

From the Rocket R-7 and the First Human Flight into Space up to Permanent Manned Orbital Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Belyaev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Manned Flight ◽  
History Of

The paper presents a brief history of preparation for and execution of the first manned flight into space in the Vostok spacecraft. The main tasks and challenges which were solved to make this historical event possible are discussed. Further achievements of Russian manned cosmonautics are presented, including the first world’s orbital station Salyut which was constructed and launched in orbit 50 years ago. The human role in executing a space flight is studied. The tasks in the space orbit are discussed, the solutions to which with the participation of the crew have improved the space flight safety and efficiency. Examples of cosmonauts’ operations during the flights of the orbital stations Salyut, the orbital facility Mir, and the International Space Station are given to illustrate such tasks. The importance of cosmonauts’ participation in the research and experiments on the orbital stations is demonstrated, and positive examples of such participation are provided.

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