Study of a Small-Scale Fuel Cell Cogeneration System with Methanol Steam Reforming Considering Partial Load and Load Fluctuation

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Obara ◽  
K. Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Load Fluctuation ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Type Fuel

Performance analysis and cost estimation are carried out for a cogeneration system consisting of a solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell with a methanol reformer applied to individual houses. For the operation of the fuel cell under a partial load, a unique point of this system is the shifting of the driving point by the electric heater. Considering the annual energy cost for an average house in Sapporo, Japan, the energy cost of this system is shown to be 1.42 times that of conventional systems in which a cogeneration system is not installed.

Installation Plan of a Fuel Cell Cogeneration System

2014 ◽  
pp. 103-135
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
System A ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Residential Cogeneration

This chapter consists of two sections, ‘Installation Plan of a Fuel Cell Microgrid System Optimized by Maximizing Power Generation Efficiency’ and ‘Fuel Cell Network with Water Electrolysis for Improving Partial Load Efficiency of a Residential Cogeneration System.’ A microgrid that use PEFC may significantly reduce the environmental impact when compared with traditional power plants. The 1st section investigates what occurs when a set of PEFCs and a natural gas reformer are connected to the microgrid in an urban area. In the 2nd section, a fuel cell energy network which connects hydrogen and oxygen gas pipes, electric power lines and exhaust heat output lines of the PEFC cogeneration for individual houses is analyzed.

Study on the Polymer Membrane-Type Fuel Cell and Hybrid Hydrogenation Engine System Considering Improvement of Efficiency for Partial-Load Operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin’ya Obara ◽  
Itaru Tanno
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Type Fuel

Power demand patterns, such as for houses, fluctuate sharply. Therefore, if fuel cell cogeneration is installed in a house, partial-load operations with low efficiency frequently occur. On the other hand, if the hydrogen rate of hydrogenation gas-engine generation is increased at the time of low load, emission cleanup and brake thermal efficiency improve. So, in this paper, a hybrid cogeneration system that combines a hydrogenation gas engine and a solid polymer membrane-type fuel cell is proposed. So, operation of a fuel cell or a gas engine with the threshold value of load is investigated. In this paper, four systems were investigated by numerical analysis: independent hydrogenation gas-engine operation, solid polymer membrane-type fuel cell independent operation, that operates a fuel cell or a gas engine with the threshold value of load, and operation using a fuel cell to a base load. As a result, the operating method corresponding to a base load in polymer membrane-type fuel cell had the highest total efficiency. In this case, gas-engine generator (NEG) is operated corresponding to load fluctuation. Moreover, in the comparison results of carbon dioxide emissions, the hydrogenation operation of NEG achieved the best result.

Compound Microgrid of City-Gas Engine and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2014 ◽  
pp. 167-197
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Load Fluctuation ◽  
City Gas ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This chapter consists of two sections, ‘Amount of CO2 Discharged from Compound Microgrid of Hydrogenation City-Gas Engine and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell’ and ‘Power Characteristics of a Fuel Cell Microgrid with Wind Power Generation’. In the 1st section, a microgrid composed from a PEFC and a hydrogenation city gas engine is investigated using numerical simulation. The system which combined base-load operation of PEFC and load fluctuation operation of hydrogenation city gas engine is the most advantageous. The independent PEFC power supply system relating to hydrogen energy is investigated in the 2nd section. The hybrid cogeneration system (HCGS) that uses a PEFC and a hydrogen mixture gas engine (NEG) together to improve power generation efficiency during partial load of fuel cell cogeneration is proposed.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

Exergy Analysis of a Hybrid Micro Gas Turbine Fuel Cell System Based on Existing Components

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Bakalis ◽  
A. G. Stamatis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Cell System ◽  
System Component ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Set Up

A hybrid system based on an existing recuperated microturbine and a pre-commercially available high temperature tubular solid oxide fuel cell is modeled in order to study its performance. Individual models are developed for the microturbine and fuel cell generator and merged into a single one in order to set up the hybrid system. The model utilizes performance maps for the compressor and turbine components for the part load operation. The full and partial load exergetic performance is studied and the amounts of exergy destruction and efficiency of each hybrid system component are presented, in order to evaluate the irreversibilities and thermodynamic inefficiencies. Moreover, the effects of various performance parameters such as fuel cell stack temperature and fuel utilization factor are investigated. Based on the available results, suggestions are given in order to reduce the overall system irreversibility. Finally, the environmental impact of the hybrid system operation is evaluated.

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