Flow Structures in a U-Shaped Fuel Cell Flow Channel: Quantitative Visualization Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin ◽  
P. Oshkai ◽  
N. Djilali
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Quantitative Visualization ◽  
Image Density ◽  
Transport Channels

Flow through an experimental model of a U-shaped fuel cell channel is used to investigate the fluid dynamic phenomena that occur within serpentine reactant transport channels of fuel cells. Achieving effective mixing within these channels can significantly improve the performance of the fuel cell and proper understanding and characterization of the underlying fluid dynamics is required. Classes of vortex formation within a U-shaped channel of square cross section are characterized using high-image-density particle image velocimetry. A range of Reynolds numbers, 109⩽Re⩽872, corresponding to flow rates encountered in a fuel cell operating at low to medium current densities is investigated. The flow fields corresponding to two perpendicular cross sections of the channel are characterized in terms of the instantaneous and time-averaged representations of the velocity, streamline topology, and vorticity contours. The critical Reynolds number necessary for the onset of instability is determined, and the two perpendicular flow planes are compared in terms of absolute and averaged velocity values as well as Reynolds stress correlations. Generally, the flow undergoes a transition to a different regime when two recirculation zones, which originally develop in the U-bend region, merge into one separation region. This transition corresponds to generation of additional vortices in the secondary flow plane.

Review of application of particle image velocimetry (PIV) in assessing hydraulic intake vortex formation characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhanani A. Aziz ◽  
N. M. Zahari ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Zawawi ◽  
Aqil Azman ◽  
F. Nurhikmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Hydraulic Intake

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Interactions between Bracket and Propeller of Podded Propulsor Based on Particle Image Velocimetry Test

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Dagang Zhao ◽  
Chunyu Guo ◽  
Tiecheng Wu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xunbin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Podded Propulsor ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics

In this study, particle image velocimetry was used to measure the fine flow-field characteristics of an L-type podded propulsor in various working conditions. The flow-field details at different cross-sections between the propeller and the inclined bracket were compared and analyzed, allowing for more intuitive comparison of the flow-field characteristics of L-type podded propulsors. The interference mechanisms among the propeller, pod, and bracket of the L-type podded propulsors at different advance coefficients, deflection angles, and deflection directions were investigated in depth. The results of this study can serve as reference material and provide technical support for the design and practical shipbuilding application of L-type podded propulsors. Therefore, the results have theoretical significance and practical engineering value.

Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Fuel Cell Manifold

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Lebæk ◽  
Marcin Blazniak Andreasen ◽  
Henrik Assenholm Andresen ◽  
Mads Bang ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

The inlet effect on the manifold flow in a fuel cell stack was investigated by means of numerical methods (computational fluid dynamics) and experimental methods (particle image velocimetry). At a simulated high current density situation the flow field was mapped on a 70 cell simulated cathode manifold. Three different inlet configurations were tested: plug flow, circular inlet, and a diffuser inlet. A very distinct jet was formed in the manifold, when using the circular inlet configuration, which was confirmed both experimentally and numerically. This jet was found to be an asymmetric confined jet, known as the symmetry-breaking bifurcation phenomenon, and it is believed to cause a significant maldistribution of the stack flow distribution. The investigated diffuser design proved to generate a much smoother transition from the pipe flow to the manifold flow with a subsequent better flow distribution. A method was found in the literature to probe if there is a risk of jet asymmetry; it is however recommended by the author to implement a diffuser design, as this will generate better stack flow distribution and less head loss. Generally, the numerical and experimental results were found in to be good agreement, however, a detailed investigation revealed some difference in the results.

An Experimental Study on the Performance of Drag-Reducing Polymers in Single- and Multiphase Horizontal Flow Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab H. Alsurakji ◽  
A. Al-Sarkhi ◽  
M. Habib ◽  
Hassan M. Badr
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics ◽  
Phase Water

This paper presents experimental investigations conducted to understand the influence of water-soluble drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) in single- and two-phase (stratified wavy) flow on flow-field characteristics. These experiments have been presented for water and air–water flowing in a horizontal polyvinyl chloride 22.5-mm ID, 8.33-m long pipe. The effects of liquid flow rates and DRP concentrations on streamlines and the instantaneous velocity were investigated by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. A comparison of the PIV results was performed by comparing them with the computational results obtained by fluent software. One of the comparisons has been done between the PIV results, where a turbulent flow with DRP was examined, and the laminar–computational fluid dynamic (CFD) prediction. An agreement was found in the region near the pipe wall in some cases. The results showed the powerfulness of using the PIV techniques in understanding the mechanism of DRP in single- and two-phase flow especially at the regions near the pipe wall and near the phases interface. The results of this study indicate that an increase in DRP concentrations results in an increase in drag reduction up to 45% in single-phase water flow and up to 42% in air–water stratified flow.

Effect of inlet port on the flow in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine

2006 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yasar ◽  
B Sahin ◽  
H Akilli ◽  
K Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Intake Port ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Piv Technique ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Image Density

In this study, the characteristics of flow emerging from the inlet of the intake port in the cylinder were investigated experimentally. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to measure the velocity distribution in order to observe and analyse the flow behaviour. High-image-density PIV provided acquisition of patterns of instantaneous and averaged vorticity and velocity, revealing the detail of the flow characteristics in the cylinder cavity. With this measuring technique, it is possible to study the effect of intake valve geometry on the flow behaviours. The results showed that the flow structure changed substantially along the cylinder stroke due to the geometry of the intake valve port.

Particle Image Velocimetry Used to Qualitatively Validate Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations in an Oxygenator: A Proof of Concept

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Schlanstein ◽  
Felix Hesselmann ◽  
Sebastian V. Jansen ◽  
Jeannine Gemsa ◽  
Tim A. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Image Velocimetry

scholarly journals Fluid Dynamic Assessment of Three Polymeric Heart Valves Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa Liang Leo ◽  
Lakshmi Prasad Dasi ◽  
Josie Carberry ◽  
Hélène A. Simon ◽  
Ajit P. Yoganathan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Image Velocimetry

Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in a Representative Gas-Cooled Prismatic Reactor Core Model: Distribution of Flow From the Upper Plenum to the Fuel Block Arrangement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Conder ◽  
Ralph S. Budwig ◽  
Richard S. Skifton
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Block Arrangement

An experiment was conducted at Idaho National Laboratory to investigate the bypass flow associated with a Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor in direct support of Computational Fluid Dynamic validation [1]. Velocity fields within a representative quartz model, consisting of an upper plenum, upper block, and lower block, were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry; after which, flow rates were calculated in each section. The present study was carried out to determine flow distribution from the upper plenum to the fuel block assembly. It was found that the flow rates in the lower six coolant channels varied from their average only by 2.4, 4.6, and 2.5% for the low, medium, and high flow cases, respectively. Consequently, it was concluded that the non-uniform inlet velocity condition in the upper plenum had insignificant effect on flow distribution to the coolant channels and interstitial gap.

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