Investigation of the Formation and Applications of Ice Powder

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
D. V. Shishkin ◽  
E. S. Geskin ◽  
B. S. Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Waterjet Machining ◽  
Hypothetical Mechanism ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
Is Integration ◽  
Ice Powder ◽  
Polished Metal

Water ice powder constitutes a potentially important manufacturing tool. Availability and cleanliness of this powder constitute its major advantage. It was shown that the ice particles could be used as an abrasive in the course of waterjet machining. Although the erosion potential of ice particles is inferior to that of the conventional abrasives, the environmental soundness of ice enables us to expend the use of the ice abrasive jets on food industry, medicine, precision machining, etc. The principal issue in the use of the ice abrasives is particles formation. Analysis of various technologies showed that an effective avenue in particle production is integration of the water freezing and ice decomposition. As the results, the desired flow rate of ice particles at the desired temperature and size distribution can be generated. The objective of the present paper is the experimental investigation of the production of ice particles. An experimental setup was constructed and used for particles fabrication at controlled conditions. The acquired information was applied for the analysis of the phenomena leading to the particles formation. As a result a hypothetical mechanism of the ice decomposition was suggested and validated. The experiments involving the decontamination of the electronic devices, semiconductors, fabric, leather, food products, polished metal, soft plastics, rusted auto parts, etc., were carried out in order to demonstrate the potential application of the ice blasting.

Investigation of the Formation and the Applications of Ice Powder

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Shishkin ◽  
E. S. Geskin ◽  
B. Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Precision Machining ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Waterjet Machining ◽  
Hypothetical Mechanism ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
Is Integration ◽  
Ice Powder ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Polished Metal

Water ice powder constitutes a potentially important manufacturing tool. Availability and cleanliness of this powder constitute its major advantage. It was shown that the ice particles can be used as an abrasive in the course of waterjet machining. Although the erosion potential of ice particle is inferior to that of the conventional abrasives the environmental soundness of ice enables us to expend the use of the ice abrasive jets on food industry, medicine, precision machining, etc. The principal issue in the use of the ice abrasives is particles formation. Analysis of various technologies showed that the most effective avenue in particles production is integration of the water freezing and ice decomposition. As the results, the desired flow rate of ice particles at the desired temperature and size distribution can be generated. The objective of the presented paper was the experimental investigation of the production of ice particles. An experimental set up was constructed and used for particles fabrication at controlled conditions. The acquired information was applied for the analysis of the phenomena leading to the particles formation. As the result a hypothetical mechanism of the ice decomposition was suggested and validated. The experiments involving the decontamination of the electronic devices, semiconductors, fabric, leather, food products, polished metal, soft plastics, rusted auto parts, etc were carried out in order to demonstrate the potential application of the ice blasting.

scholarly journals THE STICKINESS OF MICROMETER-SIZED WATER-ICE PARTICLES

2014 ◽  
Vol 798 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gundlach ◽  
J. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Water Ice ◽  
Ice Particles

scholarly journals Synthesis of water ice particles in a plasma chamber

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (D18) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shimizu ◽  
B. Klumov ◽  
T. Shimizu ◽  
H. Rothermel ◽  
O. Havnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Ice ◽  
Plasma Chamber ◽  
Ice Particles

scholarly journals Micrometer-sized Water Ice Particles for Planetary Science Experiments: Influence of Surface Structure on Collisional Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 848 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gärtner ◽  
B. Gundlach ◽  
T. F. Headen ◽  
J. Ratte ◽  
J. Oesert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Ice Particles

Experimental Study on Machining of Hybrid Composite Stacks Using Submerged Abrasive Waterjet Machining Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Narkhede ◽  
Sagil James
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Abrasive Grain ◽  
Waterjet Machining

The research involves experimental study on precision machining of hybrid composite stacks using Submerged Abrasive Waterjet Machining (SAWJM) process. In this study, an in-house fabricated SAWJM setup is used to machine a stack of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Titanium. The effect of critical parameters including stand-off distance and abrasive grain size on the size of the cavity machined during SAWJM and Abrasive Waterjet Machining (AWJM) processes are studied. The study found that SAWJM process is capable of successfully machining CFRP/Titanium composites with high precision. The machined surface is free of thermal stresses and did not show any delamination or cracking around the edges. The study suggested that the stand-off distance and abrasive grain size has significant influence on the machining process. The cavities machined on both CFRP and titanium during SAWJM process are smaller and more circular than that produced during AWJM process. The results of this study provide deeper insight into precision machining of hybrid composite stacks.

scholarly journals Ice formation and development in aged, wintertime cumulus over the UK: observations and modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4963-4985 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Crawford ◽  
K. N. Bower ◽  
T. W. Choularton ◽  
C. Dearden ◽  
J. Crosier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. In situ high resolution aircraft measurements of cloud microphysical properties were made in coordination with ground based remote sensing observations of a line of small cumulus clouds, using Radar and Lidar, as part of the Aerosol Properties, PRocesses And InfluenceS on the Earth's climate (APPRAISE) project. A narrow but extensive line (~100 km long) of shallow convective clouds over the southern UK was studied. Cloud top temperatures were observed to be higher than −8 °C, but the clouds were seen to consist of supercooled droplets and varying concentrations of ice particles. No ice particles were observed to be falling into the cloud tops from above. Current parameterisations of ice nuclei (IN) numbers predict too few particles will be active as ice nuclei to account for ice particle concentrations at the observed, near cloud top, temperatures (−7.5 °C). The role of mineral dust particles, consistent with concentrations observed near the surface, acting as high temperature IN is considered important in this case. It was found that very high concentrations of ice particles (up to 100 L−1) could be produced by secondary ice particle production providing the observed small amount of primary ice (about 0.01 L−1) was present to initiate it. This emphasises the need to understand primary ice formation in slightly supercooled clouds. It is shown using simple calculations that the Hallett-Mossop process (HM) is the likely source of the secondary ice. Model simulations of the case study were performed with the Aerosol Cloud and Precipitation Interactions Model (ACPIM). These parcel model investigations confirmed the HM process to be a very important mechanism for producing the observed high ice concentrations. A key step in generating the high concentrations was the process of collision and coalescence of rain drops, which once formed fell rapidly through the cloud, collecting ice particles which caused them to freeze and form instant large riming particles. The broadening of the droplet size-distribution by collision-coalescence was, therefore, a vital step in this process as this was required to generate the large number of ice crystals observed in the time available. Simulations were also performed with the WRF (Weather, Research and Forecasting) model. The results showed that while HM does act to increase the mass and number concentration of ice particles in these model simulations it was not found to be critical for the formation of precipitation. However, the WRF simulations produced a cloud top that was too cold and this, combined with the assumption of continual replenishing of ice nuclei removed by ice crystal formation, resulted in too many ice crystals forming by primary nucleation compared to the observations and parcel modelling.

scholarly journals The Melting Layer: A Laboratory Investigation of Ice Particle Melt and Evaporation near 0°C

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Oraltay ◽  
J. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Capillary Forces ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Melting Layer ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Snow Crystals

Abstract Melting, freezing, and evaporation of individual and aggregates of snow crystals are simulated in the laboratory under controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. Crystals of selected habit are grown on a vertical filament and subsequently melted or evaporated in reverse flow, with the velocity adjusted for appropriate fall speed to reproduce conditions of the melting layer. Nonequilibrium conditions are simulated for larger melting ice particles surrounded by smaller drops at a temperature up to +5°C or growth of an ice crystal surrounded by freezing ice particles down to −5°C. Initial melting of well-defined faceted crystals, as individuals or in combination, occurs as a water layer >10 μm thick. For larger (>100 μm) crystals the water becomes sequestered by capillary forces as individual drops separated by water-free ice regions, often having quasiperiodic locations along needles, columns, or arms from evaporating dendrites. Drops are also located at intersections of aggregate crystals and dendrite branches, being responsible for the maximum of the radar scatter. The drops have a finite water–ice contact angle of 37°–80°, depending on ambient conditions. Capillary forces move water from high-curvature to low-curvature regions as melting continues. Toward the end of the melting process, the ice separating the drops becomes sufficiently thin to fracture under aerodynamic forces, and mixed-phase particles are shed. Otherwise ice-free drops are shed. The melting region and the mechanism for lowering the melting layer with an increasing precipitation rate are associated with smaller ice particle production capable of being lofted in weaker updrafts.

scholarly journals Polarimetry of Water Ice Particles Providing Insights on Grain Size and Degree of Sintering on Icy Planetary Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 2564-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Poch ◽  
R. Cerubini ◽  
A. Pommerol ◽  
B. Jost ◽  
N. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Planetary Surfaces ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Ice Particles

scholarly journals Ice Condensation as a Planet Formation Mechanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S299) ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Katrin Ros
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Planet Formation ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Protoplanetary Discs

AbstractParticles in protoplanetary discs grow rapidly to millimetre-sizes via coagulation, but further growth to centimetre-sized pebbles is not yet completely understood. We investigate particle growth by ice condensation in a model where we take the dynamical behaviour of vapour and ice particles into account, as well as the size evolution due to condensation and sublimation. Our results show that efficient growth from dust to pebbles is possible close to the water ice line at ~3 AU, with particles growing from millimetres to decimetres on a time scale of 10000 yr.

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