Fuel-Cooled Thermal Management for Advanced Aeroengines

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Louis J. Spadaccini ◽  
David R. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Aero Engines

Fuel-cooled thermal management, including endothermic cracking and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, is an enabling technology for advanced aero engines and offers potential for cycle improvements and pollutant emissions control in gas turbine engine applications. The successful implementation of this technology is, however, predicated on the use of conventional multicomponent hydrocarbon fuels and an understanding of the combustion characteristics of the reformed fuel mixture. The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate the technologies necessary for utilizing conventional multicomponent hydrocarbon fuels for fuel-cooled thermal management, including the development of the endothermic potential of JP-7 and JP-8+100, a demonstration of the combustion of supercritical/endothermic fuel mixtures, and conceptual design of a fuel-air heat exchanger. The ability to achieve high heat sinks with existing jet fuels (e.g., JP-7 and JP-8+100) was demonstrated with a bench-scale test rig operating under flow conditions and passage geometries simulative of practical heat exchangers for aircraft and missile applications. Key measurements included fuel heat sink, reaction products, and extent of conversion. Full-scale sector rig tests were conducted to characterize the combustion and emissions of supercritical jet fuel, and demonstrate the safety and operability of the fuel system, including a fuel-air heat exchanger.

Fuel-Cooled Thermal Management for Advanced Aero Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Louis J. Spadaccini ◽  
David R. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Aero Engines

Fuel-cooled thermal management, including endothermic cracking and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, is an enabling technology for advanced aero engines and offers potential for cycle improvements and pollutant emissions control in gas-turbine engine applications. The successful implementation of this technology is, however, predicated on the use of conventional multi-component hydrocarbon fuels and an understanding of the combustion characteristics of the reformed fuel mixture. The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate the technologies necessary for utilizing conventional multi-component hydrocarbon fuels for fuel-cooled thermal management, including the development of the endothermic potential of JP-7 and JP-8+100, a demonstration of the combustion of supercritical/endothermic fuel mixtures, and conceptual design of a fuel-air heat exchanger. The ability to achieve high heat sinks with existing jet fuels (e.g., JP-7 and JP-8+100) was demonstrated with a bench-scale test rig operating under flow conditions and passage geometries simulative of practical heat exchangers for aircraft and missile applications. Key measurements included fuel heat sink, reaction products, and extent of conversion. Full-scale sector rig tests were conducted to characterize the combustion and emissions of supercritical jet fuel, and demonstrate the safety and operability of the fuel system, including a fuel-air heat exchanger.

Thermal management evaluation for advanced aero-engines using catalytic steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 116738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng ◽  
Yuna Liu ◽  
Yong Cao ◽  
Keyu Gong ◽  
Shuyuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Management Evaluation ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Catalytic Steam Reforming

Co-Combustion of Coal With Rice Husk and Bamboo in Power Generation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Y. H. Chao ◽  
Philip C. W. Kwong ◽  
J. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Unit Energy

In many Asian countries Coal is frequently used a major fuel in power plants. Burning coal creates quite a lot of environmental problems when compared to other cleaner fuels such as natural gas. Experimental study of co-combustion of coal and biomass was conducted in a laboratory scale combustion facility to evaluate the combustion and pollutant emission performance under different operation parameters. Rice husk and bamboo were used as the biomass fuels in this study. This paper reported the influence of the biomass blending ratio in the fuel mixture and the excess air ratio on the combustion behavior. It was noted that the combustion temperature and the energy output from the co-firing process were reduced compared to coal combustion alone owing to the fact that biomass has lower heating value compared to coal. However, the high volatile matter (VM) content of biomass improved the combustion time scale so that the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced substantially. In addition, the fuel nitrogen and sulfur content in biomass were lower than that of coal and hence suppressed the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) during the cocombustion process. The increase of excess air ratio also affected most of the pollutant emissions. The pollutant emission per unit energy output at different excess air ratios and biomass blending ratios were studied in detail in this paper. Attention should be paid to the high potential of slagging and fouling in the boiler when co-firing coal with biomass.

scholarly journals Can hydrogen enriched biogas be used as domestic fuel? - Part II: Pollutants Emission from Combustion of Biogas/H2/air Fuel Mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Udaya Kahangamage ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Chun Wah Leung
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Domestic Fuel

Biogas is considered a sustainable source of energy which is largely untapped owing to its inherent weaknesses such as low thermal performance and potentially harmful emissions. Its thermal performance and emission characteristics can be enhanced through the technique of enriching with higher grade fuel. In this research study, biogas enriched with hydrogen was tested for its emission characteristics. A synthetic biogas identified as BG60 (60% CH4 and 40% CO2) enriched with 20% hydrogen (80%BG60-20%H2) was used for the test. Experiments were carried out for combustion of the enriched gas for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and equivalence ratios. The results indicate that the enriched fuel emits less CO and NOx than commonly used domestic fuel LPG. It also has a better thermal and emission performance than BG60. The low pollutant emissions compared with LPG, use of renewable feedstock for biogas production, and competitive cost may make the blended 80%BG60-20%H2 an attractive sustainable alternative domestic fuel choice for environmentally conscious urban dwellers of modern cities.

scholarly journals Effect of Fuel and Air Dilution on Syngas Combustion in an Optical SI Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Martinez-Boggio ◽  
S.S. Merola ◽  
P. Teixeira Lacava ◽  
A. Irimescu ◽  
P.L. Curto-Risso
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Burn

To mitigate the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, energy production processes must change from fossil to renewable resources. Bioenergy utilization from agricultural residues can be a step towards achieving this goal. Syngas (fuel obtained from biomass gasification) has been proved to have the potential of replacing fossil fuels in stationary internal combustion engines (ICEs). The processes associated with switching from traditional fuels to alternatives have always led to intense research efforts in order to have a broad understanding of the behavior of the engine in all operating conditions. In particular, attention needs to be focused on fuels containing relatively high concentrations of hydrogen, due to its faster propagation speed with respect to traditional fossil energy sources. Therefore, a combustion study was performed in a research optical SI engine, for a comparison between a well-established fuel such as methane (the main component of natural gas) and syngas. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of inert gases in the fuel mixture and that of air dilution during lean fuelling. Thus, two pure syngas blends (mixtures of CO and H2) and their respective diluted mixtures (CO and H2 with 50vol% of inert gases, CO2 and N2) were tested in several air-fuel ratios (stoichiometric to lean burn conditions). Initially, the combustion process was studied in detail by traditional thermodynamic analysis and then optical diagnostics were applied thanks to the optical access through the piston crown. Specifically, images were taken in the UV-visible spectrum of the entire cycle to follow the propagation of the flame front. The results show that hydrogen promotes flame propagation and reduces its distortion, as well as resulting in flames evolving closer to the spark plug. All syngas blends show a stable combustion process, even in conditions of high air and fuel dilution. In the leanest case, real syngas mixtures present a decrease in terms of performance due to significant reduction in volumetric efficiency. However, this condition strongly decreases pollutant emissions, with nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations almost negligible.

Thermal Design and Testing of a Passive Helmet Heat Exchanger With Additively Manufactured Components

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailyn Cage ◽  
Monifa Vaughn-Cooke ◽  
Mark Fuge ◽  
Briana Lucero ◽  
Dusan Spernjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dimensional System ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Environmental Chamber

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes allow for complex geometries to be developed in a cost- and time-efficient manner in small-scale productions. The unique functionality of AM offers an ideal collaboration between specific applications of human variability and thermal management. This research investigates the intersection of AM, human variability and thermal management in the development of a military helmet heat exchanger. A primary aim of this research was to establish the effectiveness of AM components in thermal applications based on material composition. Using additively manufactured heat pipe holders, the thermal properties of a passive evaporative cooler are tested for performance capability with various heat pipes over two environmental conditions. This study conducted a proof-of-concept design for a passive helmet heat exchanger, incorporating AM components as both the heat pipe holders and the cushioning material targeting internal head temperatures of ≤ 35°C. Copper heat pipes from 3 manufactures with three lengths were analytically simulated and experimentally tested for their effectiveness in the helmet design. A total of 12 heat pipes were tested with 2 heat pipes per holder in a lateral configuration inside a thermal environmental chamber. Two 25-hour tests in an environmental chamber were conducted evaluating temperature (25°C, 45°C) and relative humidity (25%, 50%) for the six types of heat pipes and compared against the analytical models of the helmet heat exchangers. Many of the heat pipes tested were good conduits for moving the heat from the head to the evaporative wicking material. All heat pipes had Coefficients of Performance under 3.5 when tested with the lateral system. Comparisons of the analytical and experimental models show the need for the design to incorporate a re-wetting reservoir. This work on a 2-dimensional system establishes the basis for design improvements and integration of the heat pipes and additively manufactured parts with a 3-dimensional helmet.

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