Preliminary Gas Turbine Design Using the Multidisciplinary Design System MOPEDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeschke ◽  
J. Kurzke ◽  
R. Schaber ◽  
C. Riegler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Design System ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Turbine Design

A prototype preliminary design task for gas turbines is set up to outline the four major requirements a preliminary design program must typically meet: assessment of all major engine components and their interrelations; inclusion of all relevant disciplines; designing over several operating points; and model fidelity zooming at least for individual components. It is described how the “MOdular Performance and Engine Design System” (MOPEDS)—MTU Aero Engines’ software package for the preliminary design of airborne and stationary gas turbines—fulfills these requirements. The program structure, the graphical user interface, and the physical models are briefly presented. A typical design example is carried out emphasizing the necessity for a numerical procedure to find a solution to the many variables and constraints that the design problem comprises. Finally, some dominating multidisciplinary effects are discussed.

Preliminary Gas Turbine Design Using the Multidisciplinary Design System MOPEDS

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jeschke ◽  
Joachim Kurzke ◽  
Reinhold Schaber ◽  
Claus Riegler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Design System ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Turbine Design

A prototype preliminary design task for gas turbines is set up to outline the four major requirements a preliminary design program must typically meet: assessment of all major engine components and their interrelations; inclusion of all relevant disciplines; designing over several operating points; and model fidelity zooming at least for individual components. It is described how the “MOdular Performance and Engine Design System” (MOPEDS) — MTU Aero Engines’ software package for the preliminary design of airborne and stationary gas turbines — fulfills these requirements. The program structure, the graphical user interface, and the physical models are briefly presented. A typical design example is carried out emphasizing the necessity for a numerical procedure to find a solution to the many variables and constraints that the design problem comprises. Finally, some dominating multidisciplinary effects are discussed.

The Architecture and Application of Preliminary Design Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Donus ◽  
Stefan Bretschneider ◽  
Reinhold Schaber ◽  
Stephan Staudacher
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design System ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Planning Phase ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Aero Engines

The development of every new aero-engine follows a specific process; a sequence of steps or activities which an enterprise employs to conceive, design and commercialize a product. Typically, it begins with the planning phase, where the technology developments and the market objectives are assessed; the output of the planning phase is the input to the conceptual design phase where the needs of the target market are then identified, and alternative product concepts are generated and evaluated, and one or more concepts are subsequently selected for further development based on the evaluation. For aero-engines, the main goal of this phase is therefore to find the optimum engine cycle for a specific set of boundary conditions. This is typically done by conducting parameter studies where every calculation point within the study characterizes one specific engine design. Initially these engines are represented as pure performance cycles. Subsequently, other disciplines, such as Aerodynamics, Mechanics, Weight, Cost and Noise are accounted for to reflect interdisciplinary dependencies. As there is only very little information known about the future engine at this early phase of development, the physical design algorithms used within the various discipline calculations must, by default, be of a simple nature. However, considering the influences among all disciplines, the prediction of the concept characteristics translates into a very challenging and time intensive exercise for the pre-designer. This is contradictory to the fact that there are time constraints within the conceptual design phase to provide the results. Since the early 1970’s, wide scale efforts have been made to develop tools which address the multidisciplinary design of aero-engines within this phase. These tools aim to automatically account for these interdisciplinary dependencies and to decrease the time used to provide the results. Interfaces which control the input and output between the various subprograms and automated checks of the calculation results decrease the possibility of user errors. However, the demands on the users of such tools are expected to even increase, as such systems can give the impression that the calculations are inherently performed correctly. The presented paper introduces MTU’s preliminary design system Modular Performance and Engine Design System (MOPEDS). The results of simple calculation examples conducted using MOPEDS show the influences of the various disciplines on the overall engine system and are used to explain the architecture of such complex design systems.

CFD Simulation of an Aeroengine Bearing Chamber Using an Enhanced Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method: An Evaluation Using Adaptive Meshing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Crouchez-Pillot ◽  
Hervé P. Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Volume Of Fluid ◽  
Vof Method ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Adaptive Meshing ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cooling And Lubrication

In aero engines, the rotating shafts are supported by a set of bearings, which are enclosed in bearing chambers. Cooling and lubrication oil escapes from the bearings and these chambers are designed to capture and recycle it. A good understanding of the oil behaviour inside bearing chambers is therefore desirable in order to limit the oil volume involved and minimize transmission losses whilst managing the engine core heat in the best possible manner. This study is focused on the simulation of the oil behaviour inside such a chamber and special attention is given to the so-called KIT bearing chamber. The oil phase in the chamber can take different forms e.g. sprays, droplets, thin films or a combination of those. Assuming the oil we want to track remains dominantly as a film and large droplets/filaments, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used in order to track the oil and the oil/air interface in the chamber, hereby investigating the feasibility and merits of such an approach and extending the earlier work carried out by the authors and colleagues. An Enhanced VOF approach coupled with level-set is used here unless stated otherwise. The simulated pump outlet condition, proposed by the University of Nottingham, is also employed in this study, to replicate an engine displacement pump. Since the use of VOF requires a refined mesh in the oil region, an adaptive mesh approach based on the volume of fluid gradient is developed and validated to control the total cell count for some of the cases reported here and limit simulation costs. The Adaptive Mesh Approach (AMA) can allow a better resolution of critical interfaces, better compute the oil break-up (within the limitation of the physical models used) and then track the droplets and filaments. Therefore, not only the CPU time cost might be reduced compared to a fixed mesh approach but significant physical aspects of the problem should be better accounted for. In order to inform the set up and parameters used with this method, and appraise its value for the proposed application, the experimental study of Fabre is used before the approach is applied to the KIT chamber. Good insight is obtained in terms of run time acceleration for such problem when combining the proposed VOF setup with adaptive meshing. Key set up parameters are quantified. The simulations carried out with the proposed set up are proving to be fairly robust and stable. Qualitative (physical) evidence is also encouraging and confirms the value of such an approach to the study of aeroengine bearing chambers.

Non-Conventional Turbines for Hydrogen Fueled Power Plants

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cerri ◽  
L. Battisti ◽  
G. Soraperra
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Turbine Design

A survey was carried out on CO2 & NOx emission-free hydrogen-fuelled power cycles, pinpointing characteristic points of steam turbine expansions. Innovative aspects arose for turbine design owing to unexplored steam thermodynamic states, severe operating conditions and lifetime issues. A Ljungstro¨m-type radial-flow turbine design was explored for such an application, investigating stress, cooling and thrust-balancing aspects. Massive cooling was recognized as a primary need to ensure safe turbine operation. To take technological and thermodynamic issues into account, an integrated procedure was set up for preliminary design. The final design is amply discussed.

scholarly journals An Automated Interactive Design System for Advanced Gas Turbines

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Thomas ◽  
J. J. Piendel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design System ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Turbine Design

In the past ten years there has been a dramatic increase in turbine inlet temperature in aircraft gas turbine engines. This increase has been made possible by the application of extensive air cooling to turbine parts. The attendent increase in turbine design complexity without an increase in engine design or development time has been made possible by the development of modern computers and computer programs. A computerized turbine automated design system (TADSYS) was developed at Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, which makes extensive use of computer graphics, to meet the needs of modern turbine design.

Supersonic and Transonic Compressors: Past, Status and Technology Trends

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus D. Broichhausen ◽  
Kai U. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
High Stage ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Very High ◽  
Technology Trends

Transonic compressors with high leading edge Mach numbers are today state of the art in gas turbine design. This holds true for both aero engines and stationary gas turbines. In the early days of highly loaded compressors, the development started from the ideas about supersonic compressors with very high stage pressure ratios. This historical development and the basic ideas are described. The contributions of H. E. Gallus to this development are specially referred to. On that basis, today’s transonic compressors with reduced loading have been developed. The characteristic physics and design features of recent compressors are discussed with respect to aerodynamics, performance, structure mechanics and production technology. This is also done in view of the ideas of the pioneers in this field. Future technology trends of these compressor types as well as new compressor types are presented in the last part of the paper.

Design and Application of a Multi-Disciplinary Pre-Design Process for Novel Engine Concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reitenbach ◽  
A. Krumme ◽  
T. Behrendt ◽  
M. Schnös ◽  
T. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Engine Components

Central targets for jet engine research activities comprise the evaluation of improved engine components and the assessment of novel engine concepts for enhanced overall engine performance in order to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of future aircraft. Since CO2 emissions are directly related to engine fuel burn, a reduction in fuel consumption leads to lower CO2 emissions. Therefore improvements in engine technologies are still significant and a multi-disciplinary pre-design approach is essential in order to address all requirements and constraints associated with different engine concepts. Furthermore, an increase in effectiveness of the preliminary design process helps reduce the immense costs of the overall engine development. Within the DLR project PEGASUS (Preliminary Gas Turbine Assessment and Sizing) a multi-disciplinary pre-design and assessment competence of the DLR regarding aero engines and gas turbines was established. The application of modern preliminary design methods allows for the construction and evaluation of innovative next generation engine concepts. The purpose of this paper is to present the developed multi-disciplinary pre-design process and its application to three aero engine models. First, a state of the art twin spool mixed flow turbofan engine model is created for validation purposes. The second and third engine models investigated comprise future engine concepts: a Counter Rotating Open Rotor and an Ultra High Bypass Turbofan. The turbofan used for validation is based on publicly available reference data from manufacturing and emission certification. At first the identified interfaces and constraints of the entire pre-design process are presented. An important factor of complexity in this highly iterative procedure is the intricate data flow, as well as the extensive amount of data transferred between all involved disciplines and among the different fidelity levels applied within the smoothly connected design phases. To cope with the inherent complexity data modeling techniques have been applied to explicitly determine the required data structures of those complex systems. The resulting data model characterizing the components of a gas turbine and their relationships in the design process is presented in detail. Based on the established data model the entire engine pre-design process is presented. Starting with the definition of a flight mission scenario and the resulting top level engine requirements thermodynamic engine performance models are developed. By means of these thermodynamic models, a detailed engine component pre-design is conducted. The aerodynamic and structural design of the engine components are executed using a stepwise increase in level of detail and are continuously evaluated in the context of the overall engine system.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Helium Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine for UAV Propulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Design

When selecting a design for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the choice of the propulsion system is vital in terms of mission requirements, sustainability, usability, noise, controllability, reliability and technology readiness level (TRL). This study analyses the various propulsion systems used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), paying particular focus on the closed-cycle propulsion systems. The study also investigates the feasibility of using helium closed-cycle gas turbines for UAV propulsion, highlighting the merits and demerits of helium closed-cycle gas turbines. Some of the advantages mentioned include high payload, low noise and high altitude mission ability; while the major drawbacks include a heat sink, nuclear hazard radiation and the shield weight. A preliminary assessment of the cycle showed that a pressure ratio of 4, turbine entry temperature (TET) of 800 °C and mass flow of 50 kg/s could be used to achieve a lightweight helium closed-cycle gas turbine design for UAV mission considering component design constraints.

Measurements and Modeling of Ingress in a New 1.5-Stage Turbine Research Facility

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Patinios ◽  
James A. Scobie ◽  
Carl M. Sangan ◽  
J. Michael Owen ◽  
Gary D. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Purge Flow ◽  
Rotor Disk ◽  
Engine Components

In gas turbines, hot mainstream flow can be ingested into the wheel-space formed between stator and rotor disks as a result of the circumferential pressure asymmetry in the annulus; this ingress can significantly affect the operating life, performance, and integrity of highly stressed, vulnerable engine components. Rim seals, fitted at the periphery of the disks, are used to minimize ingress and therefore reduce the amount of purge flow required to seal the wheel-space and cool the disks. This paper presents experimental results from a new 1.5-stage test facility designed to investigate ingress into the wheel-spaces upstream and downstream of a rotor disk. The fluid-dynamically scaled rig operates at incompressible flow conditions, far removed from the harsh environment of the engine which is not conducive to experimental measurements. The test facility features interchangeable rim-seal components, offering significant flexibility and expediency in terms of data collection over a wide range of sealing flow rates. The rig was specifically designed to enable an efficient method of ranking and quantifying the performance of generic and engine-specific seal geometries. The radial variation of CO2 gas concentration, pressure, and swirl is measured to explore, for the first time, the flow structure in both the upstream and downstream wheel-spaces. The measurements show that the concentration in the core is equal to that on the stator walls and that both distributions are virtually invariant with radius. These measurements confirm that mixing between ingress and egress is essentially complete immediately after the ingested fluid enters the wheel-space and that the fluid from the boundary layer on the stator is the source of that in the core. The swirl in the core is shown to determine the radial distribution of pressure in the wheel-space. The performance of a double radial-clearance seal is evaluated in terms of the variation of effectiveness with sealing flow rate for both the upstream and the downstream wheel-spaces and is found to be independent of rotational Reynolds number. A simple theoretical orifice model was fitted to the experimental data showing good agreement between theory and experiment for all cases. This observation is of great significance as it demonstrates that the theoretical model can accurately predict ingress even when it is driven by the complex unsteady pressure field in the annulus upstream and downstream of the rotor. The combination of the theoretical model and the new test rig with its flexibility and capability for detailed measurements provides a powerful tool for the engine rim-seal designer.

Diagnosis of Turbine Engine Transient Performance With Model-Based Parameter Estimation Techniques

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff W. Bird ◽  
Howard M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Robustness To Noise ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
Parameter Estimation Techniques

This review surveys knowledge needed to develop an improved method of modelling the dynamics of gas turbine performance for fault diagnosis applications. Aerothermodynamic and control models of gas turbine processes are examined as complementary to models derived directly from test data. Extensive, often proprietary data are required for physical models of components, while system identification (SI) methods need data from specially-designed tests. Current methods are limited in: tuning models to test data, non-linear effects, component descriptions in SI models, robustness to noise, and inclusion of control systems and actuators. Conclusions are drawn that SI models could be formulated, with parameters which describe explicitly the functions of key engine components, to offer improved diagnostic capabilities.

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