Optimized Bearing Ellipses of Hypoid Gears1

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Achtmann ◽  
G. Ba¨r
Keyword(s):  
Influence Function ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Evaluation Function ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Best Fit

For given machine tool settings of a universal hypoid gear generator, the tooth contact patterns are computed for the coast and drive side of a hypoid gear drive. Each contact pattern is replaced by a determined tooth-bearing ellipse. The position, shape, and inclination of each bearing ellipse is calculated. By the help of these data, an influence function is designed that describes the influence of supplemental kinematic flank correction motions (modified motions) on the gear-tooth contact. Examples show the influence of helical motion and modified roll. An evaluation function permits the calculation of modified motions which improve the tooth contact either at coast and drive side simultaneously, or only at one of the sides. For a given pair of start-bearing ellipses at coast and drive side, and for given importance weights to the sides, we describe how modified motions can be computed that best fit a given target pair of bearing ellipses.

Evaluation System of Tooth Contact Patterns of Hypoid Gears Using Artificial Intelligence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morimasa Nakamura ◽  
Keisuke Kojima ◽  
Ichiro Moriwaki
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Hypoid Gear Pairs

Tooth contact inspection is one of the most common methods for checking qualities of hypoid gear pairs. A change in machine setting parameters for cutting and lapping processes of a hypoid gear pair enables a tooth contact pattern of a hypoid gear pair to be varied. The deviation of the pattern from the target one is represented by a grade point. In the inspection, the qualities of hypoid gear pairs are usually classified into only two grades; OK or NG. However, in order to conduct a follow-up survey on problems of the products and to be useful to be trouble shooting tasks of the end products, finer classifications and more quantitative evaluations of tooth contact patterns could be effective. Such approaches have been tried, however, only experienced and well-trained technicians for the inspection of hypoid gear pairs can determine the point of each tooth contact pattern. And it is difficult to make this evaluation method automatic. To overcome this problem, an application of artificial intelligence system must be useful. The present paper describes a computer evaluation system using the neural network, which is a kind of the artificial intelligence systems, for tooth contact patterns of hypoid gear pairs which can evaluate the results of the inspections instead of experienced hypoid gear technicians. This system with the neural network has a capability to learn relationships between evaluation grade points of tooth contact patterns given by the hypoid gear technicians and graphics of tooth contact patterns of hypoid gear pairs. Moreover, it can return the evaluation grade points when a tooth contact pattern is input into the system. The evaluation performance of the developed system was discussed. And a quality of normative tooth contact patterns, which were used as the teacher signals for training the neural network system, greatly affected its performance. The comparison of evaluated grade points obtained from developed system with the technician’s ones showed that the correct answer ratio obtained from the developed system was about 90% in the best case.

Computerized Simulation of Transmission Errors and Shift of Bearing Contact for Hypoid Gear Drive With Conjugate Gear Tooth Surfaces

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faydor L. Litvin ◽  
Jui-Sheng Chen ◽  
Thomas M. Sep ◽  
Jyh-Chiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Parabolic Function ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Computerized Simulation

Abstract Computerized investigation of the influence of alignment errors on the transmission errors and the shift of the bearing contact is proposed. The investigation is performed for an imaginary hypoid gear drive with conjugate tooth surfaces. It is proven that the transmission functions caused by misalignment are periodic discontinues almost linear functions with the frequency of cycle of meshing. The above functions can be totally absorbed by a predesigned parabolic function. The shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment has been determined as well. The performed investigation is based on computerized simulation of meshing and contact of gear tooth surfaces. The machine-tool settings for the generation of the designed gear drive have been determined. Numerical example that illustrates the developed theory is given. The performed investigation allows to determine the influence of gear misalignment on transmission errors, and design a low-noise hypoid gear drive by a properly predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors.

506 Tooth Contact Pattern of Angular Hypoid Gear

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000.37 (0) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Yoshio TODA ◽  
Norio ITO ◽  
Akihiro KIRI
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact

Coupled Tooth Contact Analysis of Intersected Beveloid Gears for Marine Transmissions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caichao Zhu ◽  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Mingyong Liu ◽  
Xuesong Du ◽  
Chaosheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Beveloid Gears ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Mesh Condition

Beveloid gears are widely applied in fields like ships, automobiles and industrial precision transmissions. In this paper, the formulas of the beveloid gear tooth surface used in marine transmissions were derived and a mesh model for the intersected beveloid gear pair was setup. Then loaded tooth contact analysis was performed using the finite element method considering the coupling of the assembly errors and the elastic deformation of tooth surface. Through the analysis, the influences of assembly errors on contact patterns, mesh force and tooth surface deformations were investigated. In a further step, the tooth profile modifications were performed to alleviate the edge contact and a subsequent major improvement of the mesh condition was obtained. Finally, loaded tooth contact experiments for marine gearboxes with small shaft angle were conducted. The tested results showed good correlation with the computed results. This work may provide some value for the practical design aiming at improved contact characteristics of the beveloid gears with intersected axes.

Computational Study on Machine Settings for Face-Milled Hypoid Gears With Low Shaft Angles

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Yang ◽  
Chaosheng Song ◽  
Caichao Zhu ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Chengcheng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Contact Pattern ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Shaft Angle

Abstract Hypoid gear with small cone angle and large pitch cone distance can be directed at the transmission with low shaft angle (LSA). The manufacturing process has more freedoms of motion to control the tooth surface and ensure higher mesh performance. However, it is difficult to adjust the machine settings due to the extreme geometry. This paper focused on the manufacturing process and machine settings calculation of hypoid gear with low shaft angle (LSA hypoid gear). Based on the generating process, nongenerated gear, and generated pinion manufactured by circular cutter blade, the mathematic model of tooth surface of LSA hypoid gear was developed, and the expressions of principal directions and curvatures of LSA hypoid gear were derived. The relationship of curvatures between pinion and gear was also proposed. Then based on the basic relationships of two mating surfaces, an approach to determinate machine settings for LSA hypoid gear was proposed. Finally, the tooth contact analysis (TCA) and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) were directed at the validation of machine settings’ derivation. TCA contact pattern results highly coincide with the preset values. And the LTCA contact pattern also highly coincides with TCA results, it can be considered that the determination approach of machine settings is valid. The TCA transmission error result also shows that the ratio of contact is quite large, which is a little bigger than 2. Thus, the load bearing ability and stability of LSA hypoid gear may be superior.

An Ease-Off Based Method for Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis of Hypoid Gears Having Local and Global Surface Deviations

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kolivand ◽  
A. Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Surface Deviations ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis

Actual hypoid gear tooth surfaces do deviate from the theoretical ones either globally due to manufacturing errors or locally due to reasons such as tooth surface wear. A practical methodology based on ease-off topography is proposed here for loaded tooth contact analysis of hypoid gears having both local and global deviations. This methodology defines the theoretical pinion and gear tooth surfaces from the machine settings and cutter parameters, and constructs the surfaces of the theoretical ease-off and roll angle to compute for the unloaded contact analysis. This theoretical ease-off topography is modified based on tooth surface deviations and is used to perform a loaded tooth contact analysis according to a semi-analytical method proposed earlier. At the end, two examples, a face-milled hypoid gear set having local deviations and a face-hobbed one having global deviations, are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in quantifying the effect of such deviations on the load distribution and the loaded motion transmission error.

Computerized Simulation of Transmission Errors and Shift of Bearing Contact for Face-Milled Hypoid Gear Drive

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2A) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
Jui-Sheng Chen ◽  
T. M. Sep ◽  
Jyh-Chiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Alignment Errors

A computerized investigation of the influence of alignment errors on the transmission errors and the shift of the bearing contact is performed. The investigation is performed for an imaginary hypoid gear drive with conjugate tooth surfaces. The transmission error functions caused by misalignment are shown to be periodic discontinuous almost linear functions with the frequency of the cycle of meshing. The above functions can be totally absorbed by a predesigned parabolic function. The shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment has been determined as well. The investigation is based on computerized simulation of meshing and contact of gear tooth surfaces. The machine-tool settings for the generation of the designed gear drive have been determined. A numerical example that illustrates the developed theory is given.

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