Reducing the Dynamic Errors of Coordinate Measuring Machines

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chensong Dong ◽  
Chuck Zhang ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Guoxiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machines ◽  
Air Bearings ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Modern Manufacturing ◽  
Bearing Design

Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are already widely utilized as measuring tools in the modern manufacturing industry. Fast and accurate probing is the current trend for the next generation of CMMs. However, measuring velocity of CMM applications are limited by dynamic errors that occur in CMMs. In this paper, the dynamic errors of coordinate measuring machines are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The limited stiffness of air bearings were found to cause dynamic errors due to the existence of Abbe’s offsets. The characteristics of the air bearings used on CMMs were modeled by the finite element analysis (FEA). The load capacity and stiffness of the air bearings were computed. Using this model, the dynamic errors of the CMM were reduced through revising the air bearing design. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, the performance of the air bearings was tested both statically and dynamically. The results show that the dynamic errors can be significantly reduced.

Prediction and Compensation of Dynamic Errors for Coordinate Measuring Machines

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chensong Dong ◽  
Chuck Zhang ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Guoxiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machines ◽  
Touch Trigger Probe ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Modern Manufacturing

Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are already widely utilized as measuring tools in the modern manufacturing industry. Rapidly approaching now is the trend for next-generation CMMs. However, the increases in measuring velocity of CMM applications are limited by dynamic errors that occur in CMMs. In this paper, a systematic approach for modeling the dynamic errors of a touch-trigger probe CMM is developed through theoretical analysis and experimental study. An overall analysis of the dynamic errors of CMMs is conducted, with weak components of the CMM identified with a laser interferometer. The probing process, as conducted with a touch-trigger probe, is analyzed. The dynamic errors are measured, modeled, and predicted using neural networks. The results indicate that, using this mode, it is possible to compensate for the dynamic errors of CMMs.

Dynamic Error Prediction and Compensation of Coordinate Measuring Machines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chensong Dong ◽  
Chuck Zhang ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Guoxiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Dynamic Error ◽  
Error Prediction ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machines ◽  
Air Bearings ◽  
Touch Trigger Probe ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Measuring Tool

Abstract Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are already widely used as a measuring tool in the manufacturing industry. Fast probing is now the trend for next generation CMMs. However, increases in the measuring velocity of CMMs are limited by dynamic errors that occur in CMMs. In this paper, theoretical analysis and experimental research is used to create a systematic approach for modeling the dynamic errors of a touch-trigger probe CMM. First, an overall analysis of the dynamic errors of CMMs is given, and methods to improve the stiffness of air bearings are presented. Weak elements of the CMM are identified with a laser interferometer. The probing process, as conducted with a touch-trigger probe, is analyzed and dynamic errors are measured. Based on these analyses, the dynamic errors in touch-trigger probing are modeled using neural networks. In turn, dynamic errors are predicted. An approach to achieving software error compensation is discussed. Finally, the method and results from this study illustrate that it is possible to compensate for dynamic errors of CMMs.

scholarly journals Meat Cutting Machine Shaft Design and Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Cipto Cipto ◽  
Klemens A. Rahangmetan ◽  
Christian Wely Wullur ◽  
Farid Sariman ◽  
Hariyanto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Analysis Method ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results

This study analyzes the maximum load on the shaft construction with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 581 mm. The shaft is designed as a shaft for cutting meat with a capacity of 5 kg. The analysis was performed using the finite element analysis method included in the Autodesk software. According to mathematical calculations, the shaft is considered safe because the value of the admissible tension τa = 7.380 kg / mm2 is greater than the maximum tension τp 5.62 kg / mm2. Based on the simulation results of the test, the shaft experiences a maximum off-stress of 61.89 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.07715 mm, , and a safety factor of 3.34 µl so that the shaft is classified as safe for use with a Load capacity of 5 Kg

Effect of Differential Hardness on Static Load Capacity of AISI 52100 Bearing Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Shareef ◽  
Joshua A. Brandes ◽  
Erwin V. Zaretsky
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Steel Heat

Abstract Static Load Capacity as defined by Palmgren is the load (stress) applied to a bearing that results in an indentation greater than 0.0001 times the diameter of the rolling element. The effect of hardness on the Static Load Capacity of AISI 52100 bearing steel heat treated to six different hardnesses was investigated. Indentation, depth, diameter, volume, and surface area were measured by the white light interferometer. A total of 468 hardness ball–plate combination tests were conducted. For a given plate (race) hardness, the Static Load Capacity was dependent on plate (race) hardness and independent of mating ball hardness from Rockwell C 56 to 66. For plate (race) hardness between Rockwell C 56 and 60, the Static Load Capacity was relatively constant. At Rockwell C hardness between 60 and 61, the Static Load Capacity increased and then rapidly decreased at a plate hardness of Rockwell C 66, below that value obtained at Rockwell C 56. Experimental results obtained for Static Load Capacity using the Palmgren criteria correlated with the finite element analysis for ball-on-plate indentation but not with Hertz theory. The Static Load Capacity based on Yhland for ball bearings was equal to a maximum Hertz stress of 3.71 GPa (538 ksi) at a ball-race conformity of 52%. This value is 12% lower than that specified in the ISO and ANSI/ABMA Bearing Standards. The manufacturers’ Static Load Rating can be reduced from 4% to 7% for ball bearings and from 8% to 25% for roller bearings.

The Effects of Interbedded Friction on Load Capacity of Rhombic Wire Wound Vessel

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
Jun Fei Wu ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Xiao Chen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Program Development ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Model

From the parametric modeling, the APDL tool can be used in ANSYS to build the finite element model of rhombic wire wound vessel. Only a small amount of parameters have to be input in order to accomplish the whole process of program development such as constructing model, meshing, creating contact pairs, bringing restrictions and loads to bear on vessels as well as solving and post-processing. It can be easy to use the developed batch program to achieve the finite element analysis of vessels and get the influence of interbedded friction on the load capacity of rhombic wire wound vessel under different working pressures.

Analysis of Vibrational Energy on the Pendulum Based on Finite Element

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Xin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

Charpy impact test is very sensitive to mechanical processing technologies and product defects. Charpy impact test can give quantitative test data and improve the product quality of advanced manufacturing industry and the safety of the application of new materials. The Charpy impact test machine has elastic deformation. The center of percussion is different from the designed center of strike and this difference can affect the vibration energy on the pendulum. In this article, by using the finite element analysis method, we simulate experimental processes having different distance to the center of percussion and obtain the numerical quantity related effects. In the end, we verify the accuracy of the finite element analysis by using different energy level impact test.

Passive Magnetic Bearing Design for a Small Wind Generator System

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Fan ◽  
Ying Tsun Lee ◽  
Chung Chun Wang ◽  
Yi Lin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Bearing Design ◽  
Hybrid Bearing

A passive magnetic thrust bearing for a small vertical wind generator system is considered in this paper. The passive magnetic bearing is designed to reduce the axial load of the rotor system. The load capacity of the passive magnetic bearing is analyzed by finite element analysis software. From the simulation results, a suitable solution for the passive magnets of the test wind generator system is verified to be 225.6N with about a 2mm air gap. The experiment results show that a wind generator system with the additional passive magnetic bearing can start at a lower wind speed and transfers more power to the generator. The proposed hybrid bearing system can increase efficiency by 20%~50%, as compared with a traditional system supported by roller bearings at the same wind speed.

A two degrees of freedom comb capacitive-type accelerometer with low cross-axis sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5334-5346
Author(s):  
M. N. Nguyen ◽  
L. Q. Nguyen ◽  
H. M. Chu ◽  
H. N. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Fully Differential ◽  
Mode Effects ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Axis

In this paper, we report on a SOI-based comb capacitive-type accelerometer that senses acceleration in two lateral directions. The structure of the accelerometer was designed using a proof mass connected by four folded-beam springs, which are compliant to inertial displacement causing by attached acceleration in the two lateral directions. At the same time, the folded-beam springs enabled to suppress cross-talk causing by mechanical coupling from parasitic vibration modes. The differential capacitor sense structure was employed to eliminate common mode effects. The design of gap between comb fingers was also analyzed to find an optimally sensing comb electrode structure. The design of the accelerometer was carried out using the finite element analysis. The fabrication of the device was based on SOI-micromachining. The characteristics of the accelerometer have been investigated by a fully differential capacitive bridge interface using a sub-fF switched-capacitor integrator circuit. The sensitivities of the accelerometer in the two lateral directions were determined to be 6 and 5.5 fF/g, respectively. The cross-axis sensitivities of the accelerometer were less than 5%, which shows that the accelerometer can be used for measuring precisely acceleration in the two lateral directions. The accelerometer operates linearly in the range of investigated acceleration from 0 to 4g. The proposed accelerometer is expected for low-g applications.

Tread Depth Effects on Tire Rolling Resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Luchini ◽  
M. M. Motil ◽  
W. V. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
Depth Effects

Abstract This paper discusses the measurement and modeling of tire rolling resistance for a group of radial medium truck tires. The tires were subjected to tread depth modifications by “buffing” the tread surface. The experimental work used the equilibrium test method of SAE J-1269. The finite element analysis (FEA) tire model for tire rolling resistance has been previously presented. The results of the testing showed changes in rolling resistance as a function of tread depth that were inconsistent between tires. Several observations were also inconsistent with published information and common knowledge. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the results. Additional experiments and models were used to evaluate the mechanisms. Mechanisms that were examined included tire age, surface texture, and tire shape. An explanation based on buffed tread radius, and the resulting changes in footprint stresses, is proposed that explains the observed experimental changes in rolling resistance with tread depth.

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