Design Formulas for Oscillatory Heat Transport in Open-Ended Tubes

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Womersley Number ◽  
Algebraic Expressions ◽  
Conductivity Increase ◽  
Bundle Size ◽  
Relative Conductivity

Modified Watson’s functions dependent on the Womersley Number, concerning a forced oscillatory pipe flow, are introduced to mathematically simply express the effective thermal conductivity, the tidal displacement, and the tidal work of fluid. Those three are developed into algebraic expressions giving the required electrical oscillating power and the necessary number of capillary tubes. The relative conductivity increase, the specific shaker driving power, and the specific tube bundle size are graphically shown in the figures for several fluids of interest to contribute to designing a heaterless liquid warmer.

An Experimental Study of a Bubble-Driven Heat-Transport Device

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Tube Bundles ◽  
Steady State Time ◽  
Transport Device

We experimentally measured the heat-transport characteristics of a bubble-driven heat-transport device. The device consisted of a non-looped copper tube containing water. The tube was either meandered or spiraled to form tube bundles. The inner surface of the tube was smooth and its diameter small enough to enable the formation of vapor and liquid plugs in it. Two copper blocks were attached to the tube bundles, one as a heating block and the other as a cooling block. In the experiment, most of the wall temperatures measured on the tube fluctuated periodically at a quasi-steady state. Time-averaged temperature gradients between the heating and cooling sections of the device were constant. By increasing heater input from 300W to 350W, the amplitude of the temperature fluctuations decreased and the temperature gradients increased significantly. This behavior was regarded as a transition to critical heat transport condition. The effective thermal conductivity of the device was proportional to the heat-transport rate but did not depend on the formation of the tube bundle and the gravity effect. The temperature fluctuations had specific peak frequencies and a positive correlation was found between the frequency and effective thermal conductivity. These experimental results strongly suggest that the main heat-transport mechanism of the investigated device is based on the oscillation-induced transport of sensible heat.

Experimental Investigation of a Three-Layer Oscillating Heat Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Smoot ◽  
H. B. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Oscillating Heat Pipe ◽  
Layer Effect ◽  
Layering Effect ◽  
Heat Transport Capability

An experimental investigation of a compact, triple-layer oscillating heat pipe (OHP) has been conducted to determine the channel layer effect on the heat transport capability in an OHP. The OHP has dimensions 13 mm thick, 229 mm long, and 76 mm wide embedded with two-independent closed loops forming three layers of channels. The unique design of the investigated OHP can be readily used to explore the channel layering effect on the heat transport capability in the OHP. The experimental results show that the addition of channel layers can increase the total power and at the same time, it can increase the effective thermal conductivity of the OHP. When the OHP switches from one layer of channels to two layers of channels, the highest effective thermal conductivity can be increased from 5760 W/mK to 26,560 W/mK. At the same time, the dryout limit can be increased. With three layers of channels, the OHP investigated herein can transport a power up to 8 kW with a heat flux level of 103 W/cm2 achieving an effective thermal conductivity of 33,170 W/mK.

scholarly journals Ballistic-Diffusive Model for Heat Transport in Superlattices and the Minimum Effective Heat Conductivity

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Vázquez ◽  
Péter Ván ◽  
Róbert Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Multilayer Systems ◽  
Effective Heat Conductivity ◽  
Effective Heat ◽  
Kinetic Calculations

There has been much interest in semiconductor superlattices because of their low thermal conductivities. This makes them especially suitable for applications in a variety of devices for the thermoelectric generation of energy, heat control at the nanometric length scale, etc. Recent experiments have confirmed that the effective thermal conductivity of superlattices at room temperature have a minimum for very short periods (in the order of nanometers) as some kinetic calculations had anticipated previously. This work will show advances on a thermodynamic theory of heat transport in nanometric 1D multilayer systems by considering the separation of ballistic and diffusive heat fluxes, which are both described by Guyer-Krumhansl constitutive equations. The dispersion relations, as derived from the ballistic and diffusive heat transport equations, are used to derive an effective heat conductivity of the superlattice and to explain the minimum of the effective thermal conductivity.

Thermo-Fluid Model for High Thermal Conductivity Thermal Ground Planes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed T. Ababneh ◽  
Frank M. Gerner ◽  
Pramod Chamarthy ◽  
Peter de Bock ◽  
Shakti Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Capillary Limit ◽  
Heat Transport Capability

The thermal ground plane (TGP) is an advanced planar heat pipe designed for cooling microelectronics in high gravitational fields. A thermal resistance model is developed to predict the thermal performance of the TGP, including the effects of the presence of non-condensable gases (NCGs). Viscous laminar flow pressure losses are predicted to determine the maximum heat load when the capillary limit is reached. This paper shows that the axial effective thermal conductivity of the TGP decreases when the substrate and/or wick are thicker and/or with the presence of NCGs. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the thermo-fluid model may be utilized to optimize the performance of the TGP by estimating the limits of wick thickness and vapor space thickness for a recognized internal volume of the TGP. The wick porosity plays an important effect on maximum heat transport capability. A large adverse gravitational field strongly decreases the maximum heat transport capability of the TGP. Axial effective thermal conductivity is mostly unaffected by the gravitational field. The maximum length of the TGP before reaching the capillary limit is inversely proportional to input power.

Heat Transport in Evacuated Perlite Powders for Super-Insulated Long-Term Storages up to 300 °C

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Beikircher ◽  
Matthias Demharter
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Solid Body ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Vacuum super insulation (VSI) with expanded perlite powder is commonly used at cryogenic temperatures, but principally can also be adapted to applications at higher temperatures, such as the long-term storage of hot water in solar thermal systems. Due to the lack of experimental data in the respective temperature range, especially without external load, thermal conductivity measurements have been performed with commercial perlite powder up to 150°C mean sample temperature, corresponding to storage temperatures of around 300°C. Two different experimental geometries have been used: a guarded hot plate (GHP) setup and a cut-off concentric cylinder (CCC) apparatus. Furthermore, the radiative heat transport has been determined separately by extinction measurements using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition to the laboratory experiments, a real-size prototype of a solar VSI-storage tank with 16.4 m3 water storage volume has been constructed, and the effective thermal conductivity of the perlite insulation has been determined from a heat loss measurement. The heat transport in evacuated perlite has also been treated theoretically using common models and approaches for gas heat conduction, solid-body conduction and heat transfer by thermal radiation. For the coupling between solid-body and gas conduction which occurs in the intergranular spaces of a powder material, a simple model has been developed. The total effective thermal conductivity λeff of a vacuum super insulation with dry, evacuated perlite powder (p≤0.01 mbar,ρ≈60 kg/m3) amounts to 0.007–0.016 W/mK for mean sample temperatures between 50°C and 150°C, compared to 0.003–0.005 W/mK at cryogenic temperatures. For the real-size storage prototype, the value λeff=0.009 W/mK has been obtained at T=90°C (storage temperature), p = 0.08 mbar and ρ=92.4 kg/m3, which compares to 0.03–0.06 W/mK for dry conventional storage insulations. With the applied theoretical models and approaches, the effective thermal conductivity of evacuated perlite and its individual contributions can successfully be described at different densities (55-95 kg/m3), compression methods, vacuum pressures (10-3-1000 mbar) and filling gases (air, Ar, Kr) up to mean sample temperatures of T=150°C. With regard to practical purposes, it has shown that vacuum super insulation with perlite is a suitable and economic method to achieve low thermal conductivities also at medium storage temperatures.

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