scholarly journals Erratum:“Strain-rate Dependent Stiffness of Articular Cartilage in Unconfined Compression” [ASME J. Biomechanical Engineering, 2003, 125, pp. 161–168]

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Li, ◽  
M. D. Buschman, and ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Biomechanical Engineering

Strain-rate Dependent Stiffness of Articular Cartilage in Unconfined Compression

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Li ◽  
M. D. Buschmann ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Elastic Loading

The stiffness of articular cartilage is a nonlinear function of the strain amplitude and strain rate as well as the loading history, as a consequence of the flow of interstitial water and the stiffening of the collagen fibril network. This paper presents a full investigation of the interplay between the fluid kinetics and fibril stiffening of unconfined cartilage disks by analyzing over 200 cases with diverse material properties. The lower and upper elastic limits of the stress (under a given strain) are uniquely established by the instantaneous and equilibrium stiffness (obtained numerically for finite deformations and analytically for small deformations). These limits could be used to determine safe loading protocols in order that the stress in each solid constituent remains within its own elastic limit. For a given compressive strain applied at a low rate, the loading is close to the lower limit and is mostly borne directly by the solid constituents (with little contribution from the fluid). In contrast, however in case of faster compression, the extra loading is predominantly transported to the fibrillar matrix via rising fluid pressure with little increase of stress in the nonfibrillar matrix. The fibrillar matrix absorbs the loading increment by self-stiffening: the quicker the loading the faster the fibril stiffening until the upper elastic loading limit is reached. This self-protective mechanism prevents cartilage from damage since the fibrils are strong in tension. The present work demonstrates the ability of the fibril reinforced poroelastic models to describe the strain rate dependent behavior of articular cartilage in unconfined compression using a mechanism of fibril stiffening mainly induced by the fluid flow.

Biphasic Poroviscoelastic Simulation of the Unconfined Compression of Articular Cartilage: II—Effect of Variable Strain Rates

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. DiSilvestro, ◽  
Qiliang Zhu, ◽  
Jun-Kyo Francis Suh
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Viscoelastic Response ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic

This study investigated the abilities of the linear biphasic poroviscoelastic (BPVE) model and the linear biphasic poroelastic (BPE) model to simulate the effect of variable ramp strain rates on the unconfined compression stress relaxation response of articular cartilage. Curve fitting of experimental data showed that the BPVE model was able to successfully account for the ramp strain rate-dependent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage under unconfined compression, while the BPE model was able to account for the complete viscoelastic response at a slow strain rate, but only the long-term viscoelastic response at faster strain rates. We concluded that the short-term viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage, when subjected to a fast ramp strain rate, is primarily governed by a fluid flow-independent (intrinsic) viscoelastic mechanism, whereas the long-term viscoelastic behavior is governed by a fluid flow-dependent (biphasic) viscoelastic mechanism. Furthermore, a linear viscoelastic representation of the solid stress was found to be a valid model assumption for the simulation of ramp strain rate-dependent relaxation behaviors of articular cartilage within the range of ramp strain rates investigated.

scholarly journals The mechanical properties of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral articular cartilage in compression depend on anatomical regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Li ◽  
Jinming Li ◽  
Shengbo Yu ◽  
Chengwei Wu ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Femoral Groove ◽  
Stiffening Effect

AbstractArticular cartilage in knee joint can be anatomically divided into different regions: medial and lateral condyles of femur; patellar groove of femur; medial and lateral plateaus of tibia covered or uncovered by meniscus. The stress–strain curves of cartilage in uniaxially unconfined compression demonstrate strain rate dependency and exhibit distinct topographical variation among these seven regions. The femoral cartilage is stiffer than the tibial cartilage, and the cartilage in femoral groove is stiffest in the knee joint. Compared with the uncovered area, the area covered with meniscus shows the stiffer properties. To investigate the origin of differences in macroscopic mechanical properties, histological analysis of cartilage in seven regions are conducted. The differences are discussed in terms of the cartilage structure, composition content and distribution. Furthermore, the commonly used constitutive models for biological tissues, namely Fung, Ogden and Gent models, are employed to fit the experimental data, and Fung and Ogden models are found to be qualified in representing the stiffening effect of strain rate.

Experimental Verification of the Roles of Intrinsic Matrix Viscoelasticity and Tension-Compression Nonlinearity in the Biphasic Response of Cartilage

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yuh Huang ◽  
Michael A. Soltz ◽  
Monika Kopacz ◽  
Van C. Mow ◽  
Gerard A. Ateshian
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Support Mechanism

A biphasic-CLE-QLV model proposed in our recent study [2001, J. Biomech. Eng., 123, pp. 410–417] extended the biphasic theory of Mow et al. [1980, J. Biomech. Eng., 102, pp. 73–84] to include both tension-compression nonlinearity and intrinsic viscoelasticity of the cartilage solid matrix by incorporating it with the conewise linear elasticity (CLE) model [1995, J. Elasticity, 37, pp. 1–38] and the quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) model [Biomechanics: Its foundations and objectives, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1972]. This model demonstrates that a simultaneous prediction of compression and tension experiments of articular cartilage, under stress-relaxation and dynamic loading, can be achieved when properly taking into account both flow-dependent and flow-independent viscoelastic effects, as well as tension-compression nonlinearity. The objective of this study is to directly test this biphasic-CLE-QLV model against experimental data from unconfined compression stress-relaxation tests at slow and fast strain rates as well as dynamic loading. Twelve full-thickness cartilage cylindrical plugs were harvested from six bovine glenohumeral joints and multiple confined and unconfined compression stress-relaxation tests were performed on each specimen. The material properties of specimens were determined by curve-fitting the experimental results from the confined and unconfined compression stress relaxation tests. The findings of this study demonstrate that the biphasic-CLE-QLV model is able to describe the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage in unconfined compression as attested by good agreements between experimental and theoretical curvefits (r2=0.966±0.032 for testing at slow strain rate; r2=0.998±0.002 for testing at fast strain rate) and predictions of the dynamic response r2=0.91±0.06. This experimental study also provides supporting evidence for the hypothesis that both tension-compression nonlinearity and intrinsic viscoelasticity of the solid matrix of cartilage are necessary for modeling the transient and equilibrium responses of this tissue in tension and compression. Furthermore, the biphasic-CLE-QLV model can produce better predictions of the dynamic modulus of cartilage in unconfined dynamic compression than the biphasic-CLE and biphasic poroviscoelastic models, indicating that intrinsic viscoelasticity and tension-compression nonlinearity of articular cartilage may play important roles in the load-support mechanism of cartilage under physiologic loading.

Strain-rate dependent material properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg and AlSi3.5Mg2.5

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-583
Author(s):  
Andreas Lutz ◽  
Lukas Huber ◽  
Claus Emmelmann
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rate Dependent

Strain-Rate Dependent Deformation Behavior in WC-10 wt%Ni 3Al Cermet Micropillars Under Uniaxial Compression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minai Zhang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Alexander D. Dupuy ◽  
Julie M. Schoenung ◽  
Xiaoqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Rate Dependent
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