Analysis of Electromagnetic Nonlinearities in Stage Control of a Stepper Motor and Spool Valve

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich Burton ◽  
Jian Ruan ◽  
Paul Ukrainetz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Quantitative Accuracy ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Cyclic Algorithm ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Rotor Tooth

In digital valves, stepper motors are often used as the electro-to-mechanical interface. To sustain both high speed of response and good quantitative accuracy, a special algorithm has been designed to control the stepper motor to produce a continuous rotary displacement. Since in this algorithm the current to each coil is cyclic as the rotor tooth advances, several cycles can be used to achieve the desired angular displacement of the motor. This process can result in a reduction or “scaling down” of magnetic nonlinearities such as hysteresis and saturation. This cyclic algorithm has been defined as “stage control” because the algorithm need only be developed for one stage and then repeated when applied to subsequent stages. Critical to the development and understanding of the algorithm is an accurate model of the electromagnetic saturation and hysteresis which exist between the input current and output torque. In this paper, a special mathematical formulation is developed to simulate magnetic saturation and hysteresis which can be applied to a more generic situation. The mathematical formulation derived is one in which hysteresis and saturation parameters are established; an error rate of both saturation and hysteresis is defined from this. Since the error rates are easily determined experimentally or through manufacturers’ specifications, the parameters can be found from these mathematical formulations. The parameters can then be used to predict the hysteresis and saturation characteristics. Special experiments are designed to obtain the input-output characteristics of a stepper motor/valve system under single and multistage control. The model follows the experimental results reasonably well and can be used with confidence to model any system with hysteresis and saturation. The model also predicts very well the effects of using stage control in reducing hysteresis and saturation in a practical valve.

Analysis of Electromagnetic Nonlinearities in Stage Control of a Stepper Motor and Spool Valve

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burton ◽  
J. Ruan ◽  
P. Ukrainetz ◽  
D. Bitner
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Magnetic Saturation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Quantitative Accuracy ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Continuous Displacement ◽  
Output Characteristics

In digital valves, stepper motors are often used as the electro-to-mechanical interface. To sustain both high speed of response and good quantitative accuracy, a special algorithm has been designed to control the stepper motor to produce a continuous displacement. Unlike conventional proportional magnets or torque motors, the input current to the stepper motor is cyclic (stage control) which has been shown to reduce magnetic saturation and hysteresis. In this paper a special mathematical formulation is developed to simulate magnetic saturation and hysteresis which can be applied to a generic situation. The mathematical formulation derived is one in which hysteresis and saturation parameters are established; an error rate of both saturation and hysteresis is defined from this. Since the error rates are easily determined experimentally or through manufacturers’ specifications, the parameters can be found from these mathematical formulations. The parameters can then be used to predict the hysteresis and saturation characteristics. Special experiments are designed to obtain the input-output characteristics of a stepper motor/valve system under single and multi-stage control. The model follows the experimental results reasonably well and can be used with confidence to model any system with hysteresis and saturation. The model also predicts very well the effects of using stage control in reducing hysteresis and saturation in a practical valve.

A novel algorithm for controlling stepper motors at higher speed

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D O Carrica ◽  
S A Gonzalez ◽  
M Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
On Line ◽  
Motor Model ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Stepper motor driving through conventional on-line control algorithms fails to produce a high-speed rate. In recent years this has become an issue, especially when applications involve microstepping drives. In this work an analysis of the problem is presented and a new algorithm is proposed that does not have the speed restriction of the conventional ones and does not require hardware timers. The proposed algorithm is first rehearsed by applying it to a stepper motor model, verifying that it allows higher speeds than conventional algorithms. Then a series of experimentations are carried out with a hybrid stepper motor.

Application of PLC Pulse Command in the Step Motor Position Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 3954-3957
Author(s):  
Liu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Step Motor ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Stepper Motor Control ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Pulse Output

Mitsubishi FX2n series PLC's CPU module comes with high-speed pulse output channels. Using these channels, you can achieve position control of stepper motor. This article describes the use of high-speed pulse output instruction on the stepper motor control to achieve the design points. Contents include: key issues of PLC equipment selection, use of pulse command, and the stepper motor selection and setting.

scholarly journals The Modelling, Simulation and FPGA-Based Implementation for Stepper Motor Wide Range Speed Closed-Loop Drive System Design

Machines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Keng Lai ◽  
Jhang-Shan Ciou ◽  
Chia-Che Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Digital Controllers ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Wide Range

Owing to the benefits of programmable and parallel processing of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), they have been widely used for the realization of digital controllers and motor drive systems. Furthermore, they can be used to integrate several functions as an embedded system. In this paper, based on Matrix Laboratory (Matlab)/Simulink and the FPGA chip, we design and implement a stepper motor drive. Generally, motion control systems driven by a stepper motor can be in open-loop or closed-loop form, and pulse generators are used to generate a series of pulse commands, according to the desired acceleration/run/deceleration, in order to the drive system to rotate the motor. In this paper, the speed and position are designed in closed-loop control, and a vector control strategy is applied to the obtained rotor angle to regulate the phase current of the stepper motor to achieve the performance of operating it in low, medium, and high speed situations. The results of simulations and practical experiments based on the FPGA implemented control system are given to show the performances for wide range speed control.

Web-Based, Interactive Laboratory Experiment in Turbomachine Aerodynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalin Navarathna ◽  
Vitalij Fedulov ◽  
Andrew Martin ◽  
Torsten Fransson
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Loss Coefficients ◽  
And Control ◽  
Local Laboratory

Remote laboratory exercises are gaining popularity due to advances in communication technologies along with the need to provide realistic yet flexible educational tools for tomorrow’s engineers. Laboratory exercises in turbomachinery aerodynamics generally involve substantial equipment in both size and power, so the development of remotely controlled facilities has perhaps not occurred as quickly as in other fields. This paper presents an overview of a new interactive laboratory exercise involving aerodynamics in a linear cascade of stator blades. The laboratory facility consists of a high-speed fan that delivers a maximum of 2.5 kg/s of air to the cascade. Traversing pneumatic probes are used to determine pressure profiles at upstream and downstream locations, and loss coefficients are later computed. Newly added equipment includes cameras, stepper motors, and a data acquisition and control system for remote operation. This paper presents the laboratory facility in more detail and includes discussions related to user interface issues, the development of a virtual laboratory exercise as a complement to experiments, and comparative evaluation of virtual, remote, and local laboratory exercises.

scholarly journals Testing Hydrodynamical Models on the Characteristics of a One-Dimensional Submicrometer Structure

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
A. M. Anile ◽  
O. Muscato ◽  
S. Rinaudo ◽  
P. Vergari
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Hydrodynamical Models ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Output Characteristics

Recent advances in technology leads to increasing high speed performance of submicrometer electron devices by the scaling of both process and geometry. In order to aid the design of these devices it is necessary to utilize powerful numerical simulation tools. In an industrial environment the simulation codes based on the Drift-Diffusion models have been widely used. However the shrinking dimension of the devices causes the Drift-Diffusion based simulators to become less accurate. Then it is necessary to utilize more refined models (including higher order moments of the distribution function) in order to correctly predict the behaviour of these devices. Several hydrodynamical models have been considered as viable simulation tools. It is possible to discriminate among the several hydrodynamical models on the basis of their results on the output characteristics of the electron device which are measurable (I-V curves). We have analyzed two classes of hydrodynamical models: i) HFIELDS hydrodynamical models and HFIELDS drift-diffusion model; ii) self-consistent extended hydrodynamical models with relaxation times determined from Monte Carlo simulations.

scholarly journals Distributed Cooperative Control for Stepper Motor Synchronization

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sauro J Yague ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Carmenaty ◽  
Alejandro Rolán Blanco ◽  
Aurelio García Cerrada
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Distributed Cooperative Control ◽  
Multi Agents

This paper describes the design and simulation of a distributed cooperative control algorithm based on multi-agents to synchronize a group of stepper motors. Modeling of the two-phase hybrid stepper motor in closed loop is derived in {d - q} rotary reference frame, based on field-oriented control techniques to provide torque control. The simulation obtained by MATLAB-Simulink shows that the distributed cooperative control effectiveness depends on the network topology defined by the graph.

Novel Type of Biaxial Wheel-Type Haptic Input Device With MR-Brakes to Control Hydraulic Multi-Axis Manipulators

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Myszkowski ◽  
Tomasz Bartkowiak ◽  
Roman Staniek
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Motion Resistance ◽  
Haptic Input

In the paper, authors present a design of a novel input device, in which, thanks to two ergonomically placed wheels, the operator can control the multi-axis manipulator with a single hand. The application of rotating elements provides the following benefits: achieving unlimited angular displacement, controlling numerous number of axes thanks to the certain combination of wheels motions, assigning force and position amplification individually, what helps to obtain both high speed and precision. In order to generate feedback force in the joystick, dedicated MR brakes were designed and built. The proposed feedback approach is an example of admittance control [1]. The joystick was built and tested at the Institute of Mechanical Technology of Poznan University of Technology. In the article, a theoretical model of the brake was shown together with analysis and discussion of its parameters. Additionally, it was supplemented with the results of theoretical and simulative studies. The paper also contains the outcome of the initial study focused on the analysis of the functionality, ergonomics and possibility of two-, three- and four axis control. It showed that the control algorithms played an essential role in motion control. They allow a rapid change of the generated resistance force during the change of motion direction. The obtained results validated the assumed design of the joystick with rotary elements and applied MR brakes due to the possibility of precisely control the motion resistance.

Investigation of Vial Position Controls for the Development of a Cave Auto-Sampler

2018 ◽  
Vol 884 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Raul Jangali ◽  
Shen Hin Lim ◽  
Adam Hartland
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Drip Water ◽  
Airtight Container ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
The University

Researchers at the University of Waikato visit caves on a periodic basis to collect samples of drip water, which over geological timeframes form stalagmites and other formations. However, most caves are remotely located, which makes it an arduous task to reach the study site and is economically unfeasible for frequent visits. This paper presents the position control aspect of the cave auto-sampler, which is a crucial operation to store water samples in an airtight container. The primary challenge was to position airtight sample vials under the needles for sample collection, within 3.5mm from the centre of the silicone septa. Various methods and makes of stepper motors were tested to find the balance between precision and power saving. A high gear ratio stepper motor was chosen as the primary drives due to its high precision and its ability to hold position when power is turned off between operations. Testing in lab conditions showed satisfactory consistency regarding position control and is integrated into the auto-sampler.

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