A Model of Neuro–Musculo–Skeletal System for Human Locomotion Under Position Constraint Condition

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangsheng Ni ◽  
Seiji Hiramatsu ◽  
Atsuo Kato
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Neural System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feedback Controller ◽  
Constraint Condition ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
The Stability

The human locomotion was studied on the basis of the interaction of the musculo–skeletal system, the neural system and the environment. A mathematical model of human locomotion under position constraint condition was established. Besides the neural rhythm generator, the posture controller and the sensory system, the environment feedback controller and the stability controller were taken into account in the model. The environment feedback controller was proposed for two purposes, obstacle avoidance and target position control of the swing foot. The stability controller was proposed to imitate the self-balancing ability of a human body and improve the stability of the model. In the stability controller, the ankle torque was used to control the velocity of the body gravity center. A prediction control algorithm was applied to calculate the torque magnitude of the stability controller. As an example, human stairs climbing movement was simulated and the results were given. The simulation result proved that the mathematical modeling of the task was successful.

Predicting spatial activity patterns in a neural map from a probabilistic atlas of 3-D reconstructed neurons

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 812-813
Author(s):  
G. Jacobs ◽  
F. Theunissen
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Probabilistic Atlas ◽  
Uniform Sample ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
And Function ◽  
Visualization Techniques

In order to understand how the algorithms underlying neural computation are implemented within any neural system, it is necessary to understand details of the anatomy, physiology and global organization of the neurons from which the system is constructed. Information is represented in neural systems by patterns of activity that vary in both their spatial extent and in the time domain. One of the great challenges to microscopists is to devise methods for imaging these patterns of activity and to correlate them with the underlying neuroanatomy and physiology. We have addressed this problem by using a combination of three dimensional reconstruction techniques, quantitative analysis and computer visualization techniques to build a probabilistic atlas of a neural map in an insect sensory system. The principal goal of this study was to derive a quantitative representation of the map, based on a uniform sample of afferents that was of sufficient size to allow statistically meaningful analyses of the relationships between structure and function.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL RICE WITH SEAWEED Eucheuma cottonii ADDITION AS A DIETARY FIBER SOURCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Prodiana Setiawati ◽  
Joko Santoso ◽  
Sri Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extrusion Technology ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

The utilization of local food commodities such as corn and cassava with seaweed addition as a dietary fiber source for producing artificial rice through extrusion technology is an  alternative for food diversification. The research was carried out to find out the best composition (rice, corn, cassava, and seaweed) and temperature of extrusion process on making artificial rice and the influence of dietary fibre on sensory properties and physicochemical. The composition of rice, corn, and cassava in proportion  of 1:3:1 with 20% seaweed, Eucheuma cottonii, addition and temperature extruder of 90 °C were selected as the best product for artificial rice. The  sensory evaluation was 8.02±0.21 (people’s preference). In physicochemical properties, dietary fiber significantly affected on low bulk density and starch digestibility. This condition is very good for health especially in maintaining the stability of blood glucose in the body. Keywords: artificial rice, composition, extrusion, seaweed, dietary fibre, temperature

Substantiation the machine with a basket for the application of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials with the upper arrangement of the feeding device

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Flow

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.

Novel Nanolipoidal Systems for the Management of Skin Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Apoorva Singh ◽  
Nimisha
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
The Stability

: Skin cancer, among the various kinds of cancers, is a type that emerges from skin due to the growth of abnormal cells. These cells are capable of spreading and invading the other parts of the body. The occurrence of non-melanoma and melanoma, which are the major types of skin cancers, has increased over the past decades. Exposure to ultraviolet radiations (UV) is the main associative cause of skin cancer. UV exposure can inactivate tumor suppressor genes while activating various oncogenes. The conventional techniques like surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiation therapy lack the potential for targeting cancer cells and harm the normal cells. However, the novel therapeutics show promising improvements in the effectiveness of treatment, survival rates and better quality of life for patients. Different methodologies are involved in the skin cancer therapeutics for delivering the active ingredients to the target sites. Nano carriers are very efficient as they have the ability to improve the stability of drugs and further enhance their penetration into the tumor cells. The recent developments and research in nanotechnology have entitled several targeting and therapeutic agents to be incorporated into nanoparticles for an enhancive treatment of skin cancer. To protect the research works in the field of nanolipoidal systems various patents have been introduced. Some of the patents acknowledge responsive liposomes for specific targeting, nanocarriers for the delivery or co-delivery of chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids as well as photosensitizers. Further recent patents on the novel delivery systems have also been included here.

scholarly journals Robust Position Control of a Two-Sided 1-DoF Impacting Mechanical Oscillator Subject to an External Persistent Disturbance by Means of a State-Feedback Controller

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Turki ◽  
Hassène Gritli ◽  
Safya Belghith
Keyword(s):  
State Feedback ◽  
Position Control ◽  
External Disturbance ◽  
Feedback Controller ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Oscillator ◽  
Impact Oscillator ◽  
State Feedback Controller ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes a state-feedback controller using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for the robust position control of a 1-DoF, periodically forced, impact mechanical oscillator subject to asymmetric two-sided rigid end-stops. The periodic forcing input is considered as a persistent external disturbance. The motion of the impacting oscillator is modeled by an impulsive hybrid dynamics. Thus, the control problem of the impact oscillator is recast as a problem of the robust control of such disturbed impulsive hybrid system. To synthesize stability conditions, we introduce the S-procedure and the Finsler lemmas by only considering the region within which the state evolves. We show that the stability conditions are first expressed in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs). Using some technical lemmas, we convert these BMIs into LMIs. Finally, some numerical results and simulations are given. We show the effectiveness of the designed state-feedback controller in the robust stabilization of the position of the impact mechanical oscillator under the disturbance.

scholarly journals Polymer-Drug Conjugates as Nanotheranostic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Sajana Manandhar ◽  
Erica Sjöholm ◽  
Johan Bobacka ◽  
Jessica M. Rosenholm ◽  
Kuldeep K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
The Stability

Since the last decade, the polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) approach has emerged as one of the most promising drug-delivery technologies owing to several benefits like circumventing premature drug release, offering controlled and targeted drug delivery, improving the stability, safety, and kinetics of conjugated drugs, and so forth. In recent years, PDC technology has advanced with the objective to further enhance the treatment outcomes by integrating nanotechnology and multifunctional characteristics into these systems. One such development is the ability of PDCs to act as theranostic agents, permitting simultaneous diagnosis and treatment options. Theranostic nanocarriers offer the opportunity to track the distribution of PDCs within the body and help to localize the diseased site. This characteristic is of particular interest, especially among those therapeutic approaches where external stimuli are supposed to be applied for abrupt drug release at the target site for localized delivery to avoid systemic side effects (e.g., Visudyne®). Thus, with the help of this review article, we are presenting the most recent updates in the domain of PDCs as nanotheranostic agents. Different methodologies utilized to design PDCs along with imaging characteristics and their applicability in a wide range of diseases, have been summarized in this article.

Effect of moisture status on the stability of thermal gels from the body wall of sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus )

LWT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hu Hou ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Bafang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
The Stability

Leg Lift During Non-Overconstrained Pseudo-Static Walking

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee K. Foo ◽  
Eugene F. Fichter ◽  
Becky L. Fichter
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Walking Machine

Abstract A non-overconstrained pseudo-static walking machine has 1 leg joint under position control for every degree-of-freedom of the body. When 1 joint is position controlled on each of 6 legs, leg lift during a step results in 1 unregulated degree-of-freedom of the body. A second joint in one of the 5 legs that maintain contact with the ground must be switched to active position control at the same time that a foot is lifted. In theory any passively controlled joint in the 5 supporting legs may be chosen. However the requirement that no leg be in tension and practical limits on torques available from joint actuators severely restrict choice of both additional joint to actively position control and possible body positions where legs can be lifted.

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