The Recuperative-Auto Thermal Reforming and the Recuperative-Reforming Gas Turbine Power Cycles With CO2 Removal—Part I: The Recuperative-Auto Thermal Reforming Cycle

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fiaschi ◽  
L. Lombardi ◽  
L. Tapinassi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Cycles

The relatively innovative gas turbine based power cycles R-ATR and R-REF (Recuperative–Auto Thermal Reforming GT cycle and Recuperative–Reforming GT cycle) here proposed are mainly aimed to allow the upstream CO2 removal by the way of natural gas fuel reforming. The power unit is a gas turbine (GT), fueled with reformed and CO2 cleaned syngas produced by adding some basic sections to the simple GT cycle: • auto thermal reforming (ATR) for the R-ATR solution, where the natural gas is reformed into CO, H2,CO2,H2O, and CH4; this endothermic process is completely sustained by the heat released from the reactions between the primary fuel CH4, exhausts and steam. • water gas shift reactor (WGSR), where the reformed fuel is, as far as possible, shifted into CO2 and H2 by the addition of water. • water condensation, in order to remove a great part of the fuel gas humidity content (this water is totally reintegrated into the WGSR). • CO2 removal unit for the CO2 capture from the reformed fuel. Among these main components, several heat recovery units are inserted, together with GT cycle recuperator, compressor intercooler, and steam injection in combustion chamber. The CO2 removal potential is close to 90% with chemical scrubbing using an accurate choice of amine solution blend: the heat demand is completely provided by the power cycle itself. The possibility of applying steam blade cooling by partially using the water released from the dehumidifier downstream the WGSR has been investigated: in these conditions, the R-ATR has shown an efficiency range of 44–46%. High specific work levels have also been observed (around 450–550 kJ/kg). These efficiency values are satisfactory, especially if compared with ATR combined cycles with CO2 removal, more complex due to the steam power section. If regarded as an improvement to the simple GT cycle, R-ATR shows an interesting potential if directly applied to a current GT model; however, partial redesign with respect to the commercially available version is required. Finally, the effects of the reformed fuel gas composition and conditions on the amine CO2 absorption system have been investigated, showing the beneficial effects of increasing pressure (i.e., pressure ratio) on the thermal load per kg of removed CO2.

The R-ATR and the R-REF Gas Turbine Power Cycles With CO2 Removal: Part 1 — The R-ATR Cycle

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fiaschi ◽  
Lidia Lombardi ◽  
Libero Tapinassi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Cycles

The relatively innovative gas turbine based power cycles R–ATR and R–REF (Recuperative – Auto Thermal Reforming GT cycle and Recuperative–Reforming GT cycle) here proposed are mainly aimed to allow the upstream CO2 removal by the way of natural gas fuel reforming. The power unit is a Gas Turbine (GT), fuelled with reformed and CO2 cleaned syngas produced by adding some basic sections to the simple GT cycle: • Auto Thermal Reforming (ATR) for the R-ATR solution, where the natural gas is reformed into CO, H2, CO2, H2O and CH4; this endothermic process is completely sustained by the heat released from the reactions between the primary fuel (CH4), exhausts and steam. • Water Gas Shift Reactor (WGSR), where the reformed fuel is, as far as possible, shifted into CO2 and H2 by the addition of water. • Water Condensation, in order to remove a great part of the fuel gas humidity content (this water is totally reintegrated into the WGSR). • CO2 removal unit for the CO2 capture from the reformed fuel. Among these main components, several heat recovery units are inserted, together with GT Cycle recuperator, compressor intercooler and steam injection in combustion chamber. The CO2 removal potential is close to 90% with chemical scrubbing using an accurate choice of amine solution blend: the heat demand is completely provided by the power cycle itself. The possibility of applying steam blade cooling by partially using the water released from the dehumidifier downstream the WGSR has been investigated: in these conditions, the R-ATR has shown an efficiency range of 44–46%. High specific work levels have also been observed (around 450–550 kJ/kg). These efficiency values are satisfactory, especially if compared with ATR combined cycles with CO2 removal, more complex due to the steam power section. If regarded as an improvement to the simple GT cycle, R-ATR shows an interesting potential if directly applied to a current GT model; however partial redesign with respect to the commercially available version is required. Finally, the effects of the reformed fuel gas composition and conditions on the amine CO2 absorption system have been investigated, showing the beneficial effects of increasing pressure (i.e. pressure ratio) on the thermal load per kg of removed CO2.

The R-ATR and the R-REF Gas Turbine Power Cycles With CO2 Removal: Part 2 — The R-REF Cycle

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fiaschi ◽  
Lidia Lombardi ◽  
Libero Tapinassi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Main Components

The relatively innovative gas turbine based power cycles R-ATR and R-REF (Recuperative – Auto Thermal Reforming GT cycle and Recuperative – Reforming GT cycle) here proposed, are mainly aimed to allow the upstream CO2 removal by the natural gas fuel reforming. The 2nd part of the paper is dedicated to the R-REF cycle: the power unit is a Gas Turbine (GT), fuelled with reformed and CO2 cleaned gas, obtained by the addition of several sections to the simple GT cycle, mainly: • Reformer section (REF), where the reforming reactions of methane fuel with steam are accomplished: the necessary heat is supplied partially by the exhausts cooling and, partially, with a post–combustion. • Water Gas Shift Reactor (WGSR), where the reformed fuel is, shifted into CO2 and H2 with the addition of water. • CO2 removal unit for the CO2 capture from the reformed and shifted fuel. No water condensing section is adopted for the R-REF configuration. Between the main components, several heat recovery units are applied, together with GT Cycle recuperator, compressor intercooler and steam injection into the combustion chamber. The CO2 removal potential is close to 90% with chemical absorption by an accurate choice of amine solution blend: the heat demand for amine regeneration is completely self-sustained by the power cycle. The possibility of applying steam blade cooling (the steam is externally added) has been investigated: in these conditions, the RREF has shown efficiency levels close to 43–44%. High values of specific work have been observed as well (around 450–500 kJ/kg). The efficiency is slightly lower than that found for the R–ATR solution, and 2–3% lower than CRGTs with CO2 removal and steam bottoming cycle, not internally recuperated. If compared with these, the R-REF offers higher simplicity due to absence of the steam cycle, and can be regarded as an improvement to the simple GT. In this way, at least 5–6 points efficiency can be gained, together with high levels of CO2 removal. The effects of the reformed fuel gas composition, temperature and pressure on the amine absorption system for the CO2 removal have been investigated, showing the beneficial effects of increasing pressure (i.e. pressure ratio) on the specific heat demand.

The Recuperative Auto Thermal Reforming and Recuperative Reforming Gas Turbine Power Cycles With CO2 Removal—Part II: The Recuperative Reforming Cycle

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fiaschi ◽  
L. Lombardi ◽  
L. Tapinassi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Reforming Gas

The relatively innovative gas turbine based power cycles R-ATR and R-REF (recuperative–auto thermal reforming GT cycle and recuperative–reforming GT cycle) here proposed, are mainly aimed to allow the upstream CO2 removal by the natural gas fuel reforming. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the R-REF cycle: the power unit is a gas turbine (GT), fuelled with reformed and CO2 cleaned gas, obtained by the addition of several sections to the simple GT cycle, mainly: • reformer section (REF), where the reforming reactions of methane fuel with steam are accomplished: the necessary heat is supplied partially by the exhausts cooling and, partially, with a post-combustion, • water gas shift reactor (WGSR), where the reformed fuel is, shifted into CO2 and H2 with the addition of water, and • CO2 removal unit for the CO2 capture from the reformed and shifted fuel. No water condensing section is adopted for the R-REF configuration. Between the main components, several heat recovery units are applied, together with GT cycle recuperator, compressor intercooler, and steam injection into the combustion chamber. The CO2 removal potential is close to 90% with chemical absorption by an accurate choice of amine solution blend: the heat demand for amine regeneration is completely self-sustained by the power cycle. The possibility of applying steam blade cooling (the steam is externally added) has been investigated: in these conditions, the R-REF has shown efficiency levels close to 43–44%. High values of specific work have been observed as well (around 450–500 kJ/kg). The efficiency is slightly lower than that found for the R-ATR solution, and 2–3% lower than CRGTs with CO2 removal and steam bottoming cycle, not internally recuperated. If compared with these, the R-REF offers higher simplicity due to absence of the steam cycle, and can be regarded as an improvement to the simple GT. In this way, at least 5–6 points efficiency can be gained, together with high levels of CO2 removal. The effects of the reformed fuel gas composition, temperature, and pressure on the amine absorption system for the CO2 removal have been investigated, showing the beneficial effects of increasing pressure (i.e., pressure ratio) on the specific heat demand.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

Impact of Inlet Fogging on the Performance of Steam Injected Cooled Gas Turbine Based Combined Cycle Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar Shukla ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Gas/steam combined cycle power plants are extensively used for power generation across the world. Today’s power plant operators are persistently requesting enhancement in performance. As a result, the rigour of thermodynamic design and optimization has grown tremendously. To enhance the gas turbine thermal efficiency and specific power output, the research and development work has centered on improving firing temperature, cycle pressure ratio, adopting improved component design, cooling and combustion technologies, and advanced materials and employing integrated system (e.g. combined cycles, intercooling, recuperation, reheat, chemical recuperation). In this paper a study is conducted for combining three systems namely inlet fogging, steam injection in combustor, and film cooling of gas turbine blade for performance enhancement of gas/steam combined cycle power plant. The evaluation of the integrated effect of inlet fogging, steam injection and film cooling on the gas turbine cycle performance is undertaken here. Study involves thermodynamic modeling of gas/steam combined cycle system based on the first law of thermodynamics. The results obtained based on modeling have been presented and analyzed through graphical depiction of variations in efficiency, specific work output, cycle pressure ratio, inlet air temperature & density variation, turbine inlet temperature, specific fuel consumption etc.

Thermodynamic Assessment of Hybrid PSOFC/GT Systems for Mechanical/Electric Power Generation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Botros ◽  
G. R. Price ◽  
R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
System Pressure

Hybrid PSOFC/GT cycles consisting of pressurized solid oxide fuel cells integrated into gas turbine cycles are emerging as a major new power generation concept. These hybrid cycles can potentially offer thermal efficiencies exceeding 70% along with significant reductions in greenhouse gas and NOX emissions. This paper considers the PSOFC/GT cycle in terms of electrical and mechanical power generation with particular focus on gas pipeline companies interested in diversifying their assets into distributed electric generation or lowering pollutant emissions while more efficiently transporting natural gas. By replacing the conventional GT combustion chamber with an internally reformed PSOFC, electrical power is generated as a by-product while hot gases exiting the fuel cell are diverted into the gas turbine for mechanical power. A simple one-dimensional thermodynamic model of a generic PSOFC/GT cycle has shown that overall thermal efficiencies of 65% are attainable, whilst almost tripling the specific work (i.e. energy per unit mass of air). The main finding of this paper is that the amount of electric power generated ranges from 60–80% of the total power available depending on factors such as the system pressure ratio and degree of supplementary firing before the gas turbine. Ultimately, the best cycle should be based on the “balance of plant”, which considers factors such as life cycle cost analysis, business and market focus, and environmental emission issues.

A Systematic Comparison and Multi-Objective Optimisation of Humid Power Cycles: Part II—Economics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan M. Kavanagh ◽  
Geoffrey T. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Impact

The STIG, HAT and TOPHAT cycles lie at the centre of the debate on which humid power cycle will deliver optimal performance when applied to an aero-derivative gas turbine and, indeed, when such cycles will be implemented. Of these humid cycles, it has been claimed that the TOPHAT cycle has the highest efficiency and specific work, followed closely by the HAT (Humid Air Turbine) and then the STIG (STeam Injected Gas turbine) cycle. In this study, the systems have been simulated using consistent thermodynamic and economic models for the components and working fluid properties, allowing a consistent and non-biased appraisal of these systems. Part 1 of these two papers focussed on the thermodynamic performance and the impact of the system parameters on the performance, part 2 studies the economic performance of these cycles. The three humid power systems and up to ten system parameters are optimised using a multi-objective Tabu Search algorithm, developed in the Cambridge Engineering Design Centre.

scholarly journals The Effects of Steam Injection in Combustion Air on the Thermal Efficiency and the Specific Work Output of a Stationary Gas Turbine Plant

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Varma ◽  
Asgharali I. Khandwawala ◽  
S. A. Asif
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

In the present study a stationary open cycle gas turbine plant, including a thermal regenerator has been theoretically analyzed to assess the impact of steam addition in combustion air, on its performance. the effect of varying steam upto 15% air at different pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures have been reported. Mixing of steam in air results in higher values of cycle efficiency and increased specific work output, feasibility to generate steam needed for the purpose in a waste heat boiler have also been studied.

Assessment of Solar Gas Turbine Hybridization Schemes

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
High Irradiation ◽  
Share Value

A simulation environment allowing steady state and transient modeling is used for assessing several gas turbine based cycles proposed for solar hybridization. First, representative open cycle gas turbine configurations, namely, (a) single shaft (SS), (b) recuperated single-shaft, (c) twin shaft (TS), and (d) two-spool three-shaft, intercooled, recuperated, are evaluated. The importance of design point selection in terms of solar share value is highlighted. Solar steam injection gas turbine cycle (STIG) alternatives, namely, solar steam only and solar/fuel gas steam, are then assessed. Finally, the concept of a dual fluid receiver (DFR) for exploiting the rejected solar power by producing steam during sunny hours with high irradiation is demonstrated. The effects of hybridization on performance and operability are established and evaluated. Solarization effect on performance is estimated in terms of annual produced power and fossil fuel savings. The results indicate that the spool arrangement affects the suitability of a gas turbine for hybridization. Recuperated configurations performed better for the design constrains imposed by current technology solar parts. Solar steam injection is a promising solution for retrofitted fuel-only and conventional STIG engines.

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