scholarly journals Hierarchical Iso-Surface Extraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Labsik ◽  
Kai Hormann ◽  
Martin Meister ◽  
Gu¨nther Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Brain Shift ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Triangle Mesh ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Mesh Decimation ◽  
Archeological Artifacts ◽  
The Brain

The extraction and display of iso-surfaces is a standard method for the visualization of volume data sets. In this paper we present a novel approach that utilizes a hierarchy on both the input and the output data. For the generation of a coarse base mesh, we construct a hierarchy of volumes and extract an iso-surface from the coarsest resolution with a standard Marching Cubes algorithm. We additionally apply a simple mesh decimation algorithm to improve the shape of the triangles. We iteratively fit this mesh to the iso-surface at the finer volume levels. To be able to reconstruct fine detail of the iso-surface we thereby adaptively subdivide the mesh. To evenly distribute the vertices of the triangle mesh over the iso-surface and generate a triangle mesh with evenly shaped triangles, we have integrated a mesh smoothing algorithm into the fitting process. The advantage of this approach is that it generates a mesh with subdivision connectivity which can be utilized by several multiresolution algorithms such as compression and progressive transmission. As applications of our method we show how to reconstruct the surface of archeological artifacts and the reconstruction of the brain surface for the simulation of the brain shift phenomenon.

Video-Assisted Navigation for Adjustment of Image-Guidance Accuracy to Slight Brain Shift

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven R Kantelhardt ◽  
Angelika Gutenberg ◽  
Axel Neulen ◽  
Naureen Keric ◽  
Mirjam Renovanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Relief ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Brain Shift ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Registration Accuracy ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Information supplied by an image-guidance system can be superimposed on the operating microscope oculars or on a screen, generating augmented reality. Recently, the outline of a patient's head and skull, injected in the oculars of a standard operating microscope, has been used to check the registration accuracy of image guidance. OBJECTIVE To propose the use of the brain surface relief and superficial vessels for real-time intraoperative visualization and image-guidance accuracy and for intraoperative adjustment for brain shift. METHODS A commercially available image-guidance system and a standard operating microscope were used. Segmentation of the brain surface and cortical blood vessel relief was performed manually on preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The overlay of segmented digital and real operating-microscope images was used to monitor image-guidance accuracy. Adjustment for brain shift was performed by manually matching digital images on real structures. RESULTS Experimental manipulation on a phantom proved that the brain surface relief could be used to restore accuracy if the primary registration shifted. Afterward, the technique was used to assist during surgery of 5 consecutive patients with 7 deep-seated brain tumors. The brain surface relief could be successfully used to monitor registration accuracy after craniotomy and during the whole procedure. If a certain degree of brain shift occurred after craniotomy, the accuracy could be restored in all cases, and corticotomies were correctly centered in all cases. CONCLUSION The proposed method was easy to perform and augmented image-guidance accuracy when operating on small deep-seated lesions.

scholarly journals Modeling of Brain Shift Phenomenon for Different Craniotomies and Solid Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Valencia ◽  
Benjamin Blas ◽  
Jaime H. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Solid ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Brain Shift ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

This study investigates the effects of different solid models on predictions of brain shift for three craniotomies. We created a generic 3D brain model based on healthy human brain and modeled the brain parenchyma as single continuum and constrained by a practically rigid skull. We have used elastic model, hyperelastic 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ogden models, and hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin with 2- and 5-parameter models. A pressure on the brain surface at craniotomy region was applied to load the model. The models were solved with the finite elements package ANSYS. The predictions on stress and displacements were compared for three different craniotomies. The difference between the predictions of elastic solid model and a hyperelastic Ogden solid model of maximum brain displacement and maximum effective stress is relevant.

Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) of Meningeal Cells Exposed to Particulate Cobalt During Studies of Experimental Epilepsy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
R.G. Frederickson ◽  
R.G. Ulrich ◽  
J.L. Culberson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Epilepsy ◽  
Metallic Cobalt ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Meningeal Cells ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
The Brain

Metallic cobalt acts as an epileptogenic agent when placed on the brain surface of some experimental animals. The mechanism by which this substance produces abnormal neuronal discharge is unknown. One potentially useful approach to this problem is to study the cellular and extracellular distribution of elemental cobalt in the meninges and adjacent cerebral cortex. Since it is possible to demonstrate the morphological localization and distribution of heavy metals, such as cobalt, by correlative x-ray analysis and electron microscopy (i.e., by AEM), we are using AEM to locate and identify elemental cobalt in phagocytic meningeal cells of young 80-day postnatal opossums following a subdural injection of cobalt particles.

A new technique for the mapping of oxygen tension on the brain surface

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S543-S543
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kimura ◽  
Keigo Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshio Imahori ◽  
Katsuyoshi Mineura ◽  
Toshiyuki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Brain

Time consumption and quality of an automated fusion tool for SPECT and MRI images of the brain

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
G. Platsch ◽  
A. Schwarz ◽  
K. Schmiedehausen ◽  
B. Tomandl ◽  
W. Huk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
3D Mri ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Fusion Procedure ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
2D Data ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Manual Correction

Summary: Aim: Although the fusion of images from different modalities may improve diagnostic accuracy, it is rarely used in clinical routine work due to logistic problems. Therefore we evaluated performance and time needed for fusing MRI and SPECT images using a semiautomated dedicated software. Patients, material and Method: In 32 patients regional cerebral blood flow was measured using 99mTc ethylcystein dimer (ECD) and the three-headed SPECT camera MultiSPECT 3. MRI scans of the brain were performed using either a 0,2 T Open or a 1,5 T Sonata. Twelve of the MRI data sets were acquired using a 3D-T1w MPRAGE sequence, 20 with a 2D acquisition technique and different echo sequences. Image fusion was performed on a Syngo workstation using an entropy minimizing algorithm by an experienced user of the software. The fusion results were classified. We measured the time needed for the automated fusion procedure and in case of need that for manual realignment after automated, but insufficient fusion. Results: The mean time of the automated fusion procedure was 123 s. It was for the 2D significantly shorter than for the 3D MRI datasets. For four of the 2D data sets and two of the 3D data sets an optimal fit was reached using the automated approach. The remaining 26 data sets required manual correction. The sum of the time required for automated fusion and that needed for manual correction averaged 320 s (50-886 s). Conclusion: The fusion of 3D MRI data sets lasted significantly longer than that of the 2D MRI data. The automated fusion tool delivered in 20% an optimal fit, in 80% manual correction was necessary. Nevertheless, each of the 32 SPECT data sets could be merged in less than 15 min with the corresponding MRI data, which seems acceptable for clinical routine use.

Frontier concept of rabi chip for intelligent humanoid

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preecha Yupapin ◽  
Amiri I. S. ◽  
Ali J. ◽  
Ponsuwancharoen N. ◽  
Youplao P.
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Rabi Oscillation ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Dipole Oscillation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Robotic Applications ◽  
Atom System

The sequence of the human brain can be configured by the originated strongly coupling fields to a pair of the ionic substances(bio-cells) within the microtubules. From which the dipole oscillation begins and transports by the strong trapped force, which is known as a tweezer. The tweezers are the trapped polaritons, which are the electrical charges with information. They will be collected on the brain surface and transport via the liquid core guide wave, which is the mixture of blood content and water. The oscillation frequency is called the Rabi frequency, is formed by the two-level atom system. Our aim will manipulate the Rabi oscillation by an on-chip device, where the quantum outputs may help to form the realistic human brain function for humanoid robotic applications.

scholarly journals A Simple Method to Avoid Brain Shift during Neuronavigation: Technical Note

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Leopoldo Raso
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Brain Shift ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Neuronavigation System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction The precise identification of anatomical structures and lesions in the brain is the main objective of neuronavigation systems. Brain shift, displacement of the brain after opening the cisterns and draining cerebrospinal fluid, is one of the limitations of such systems. Objective To describe a simple method to avoid brain shift in craniotomies for subcortical lesions. Method We used the surgical technique hereby described in five patients with subcortical neoplasms. We performed the neuronavigation-guided craniotomies with the conventional technique. After opening the dura and exposing the cortical surface, we placed two or three arachnoid anchoring sutures to the dura mater, close to the edges of the exposed cortical surface. We placed these anchoring sutures under microscopy, using a 6–0 mononylon wire. With this technique, the cortex surface was kept close to the dura mater, minimizing its displacement during the approach to the subcortical lesion. In these five cases we operated, the cortical surface remained close to the dura, anchored by the arachnoid sutures. All the lesions were located with a good correlation between the handpiece tip inserted in the desired brain area and the display on the navigation system. Conclusion Arachnoid anchoring sutures to the dura mater on the edges of the cortex area exposed by craniotomy constitute a simple method to minimize brain displacement (brain-shift) in craniotomies for subcortical injuries, optimizing the use of the neuronavigation system.

scholarly journals Integrated magnetotelluric and seismic investigation of Cenozoic graben structure near Obrzycko, Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Cygal ◽  
Michał Stefaniuk ◽  
Anna Kret
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Geophysical Model ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Loose Deposits ◽  
Static Corrections

AbstractThis article presents the results of an integrated interpretation of measurements made using Audio-Magnetotellurics and Seismic Reflection geophysical methods. The obtained results were used to build an integrated geophysical model of shallow subsurface cover consisting of Cenozoic deposits, which then formed the basis for a detailed lithological and tectonic interpretation of deeper Mesozoic sediments. Such shallow covers, consisting mainly of glacial Pleistocene deposits, are typical for central and northern Poland. This investigation concentrated on delineating the accurate geometry of Obrzycko Cenozoic graben structure filled with loose deposits, as it was of great importance to the acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic data that was to reveal the tectonic structure of the Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments which underly the study area. Previously, some problems with estimation of seismic static corrections over similar grabens filled with more recent, low-velocity deposits were encountered. Therefore, a novel approach to estimating the exact thickness of such shallow cover consisting of low-velocity deposits was applied in the presented investigation. The study shows that some alternative geophysical data sets (such as magnetotellurics) can be used to significantly improve the imaging of geological structure in areas where seismic data are very distorted or too noisy to be used alone

scholarly journals Elastic transformation of histological slices allows precise co-registration with microCT data sets for a refined virtual histology approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Albers ◽  
Angelika Svetlove ◽  
Justus Alves ◽  
Alexander Kraupner ◽  
Francesca di Lillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Virtual Histology ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Immuno Histochemistry ◽  
3D Information

AbstractAlthough X-ray based 3D virtual histology is an emerging tool for the analysis of biological tissue, it falls short in terms of specificity when compared to conventional histology. Thus, the aim was to establish a novel approach that combines 3D information provided by microCT with high specificity that only (immuno-)histochemistry can offer. For this purpose, we developed a software frontend, which utilises an elastic transformation technique to accurately co-register various histological and immunohistochemical stainings with free propagation phase contrast synchrotron radiation microCT. We demonstrate that the precision of the overlay of both imaging modalities is significantly improved by performing our elastic registration workflow, as evidenced by calculation of the displacement index. To illustrate the need for an elastic co-registration approach we examined specimens from a mouse model of breast cancer with injected metal-based nanoparticles. Using the elastic transformation pipeline, we were able to co-localise the nanoparticles to specifically stained cells or tissue structures into their three-dimensional anatomical context. Additionally, we performed a semi-automated tissue structure and cell classification. This workflow provides new insights on histopathological analysis by combining CT specific three-dimensional information with cell/tissue specific information provided by classical histology.

The Good Sower: A Novel Approach to Teaching Sunday School

2021 ◽  
pp. 073989132199312
Author(s):  
Lisa Marie Anderson-Umana
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The Brain

The problems related to Sunday school students not making the connection between Scripture and daily life and a superficial teaching of the Bible compelled the author to create a novel approach to teaching Sunday school called the “Good Sower.” The imagery of a “Good Sower” is used to teach volunteers how to teach the Bible. Based on solid research regarding how the brain learns, it serves as an overlay in conjunction with published curriculum.

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