Characteristics of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine Operation for Variations in Compression Ratio, Speed, and Intake Temperature While Using n-Butane as a Fuel

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iida ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
D. E. Foster ◽  
J. K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Ratio Speed ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emission ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

In this paper, some basic properties of homogeneous charge compression ignition operation are reported. The effect of inlet temperature, compression ratio and engine speed on the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operating ranges were evaluated in a CFR engine using n-butane as a fuel. The minimum and maximum loads for HCCI operation were determined using criteria of coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure and the derivative of in-cylinder pressure, respectively. Exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbons, were measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The concentration of intermediate hydrocarbon species rapidly decreased as the magnitude of the energy release increased. Hydrocarbon emission at the maximum HCCI load mainly consists of the fuel itself, which is probably emitted from colder areas in the combustion chamber. Finally, the relationship between IMEPCOV and ISFC is discussed.

Properties of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine With N-Butane Fuel

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Iida ◽  
Motoaki Hayashi ◽  
David E. Foster ◽  
Jay K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emission ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Abstract In this paper, some basic properties of homogeneous charge compression ignition operation are investigated. The HCCI operating range for a CFR engine was determined with n-butane as fuel. The minimum and maximum load was determined using criteria of covariance of indicated mean effective pressure and the derivative of in-cylinder pressure respectively. Exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbons, were measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The concentration of intermediate hydrocarbon species rapidly decreased as the magnitude of the heat release increased. Hydrocarbon emission at the maximum HCCI load mainly consists of the fuel itself, which is probably emitted from colder areas in the combustion chamber. The relation between IMEPCOV and ISFC is discussed.

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Operation With Natural Gas: Fuel Composition Implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hiltner ◽  
R. Agama ◽  
F. Mauss ◽  
B. Johansson ◽  
M. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a potentially attractive operating mode for stationary natural gas engines. Increasing demand for efficient, clean burning engines for electrical power generation provides an opportunity to utilize HCCI combustion if several inherent difficulties can be overcome. Fuel composition, particularly the higher hydrocarbon content (ethane, propane, and butane) of the fuel is of primary concern. Fuel composition influences HCCI operation both in terms of design, via compression ratio and initial charge temperature, and in terms of engine control. It has been demonstrated that greater concentrations of higher hydrocarbons tend to lower the ignition temperature of the mixture significantly. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, through simulation, the effect of fuel composition on combustion in HCCI engines. Engine performance over a range of fuels from pure methane to more typical natural gas blends is investigated. This includes both the impact of various fuels and the sensitivity of engine operation for any given fuel. Results are presented at a fixed equivalence ratio, compression ratio, and engine speed to isolate the effect of fuel composition. Conclusions are drawn as to how the difficulties arising from gas composition variations may affect the future marketability of these engines.

Residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition at a low compression ratio using exhaust reinduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Caton ◽  
A. J. Simon ◽  
J. C. Gerdes ◽  
C. F. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Hcci Combustion ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
No Emissions ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Studies have been conducted to assess the performance of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion initiated by exhaust reinduction from the previous engine cycle. Reinduction is achieved using a fully flexible electrohydraulic variable-valve actuation system. In this way, HCCI is implemented at low compression ratio without throttling the intake or exhaust, and without preheating the intake charge. By using late exhaust valve closing and late intake valve opening strategies, steady HCCI combustion was achieved over a range of engine conditions. By varying the timing of both valve events, control can be exerted over both work output (load) and combustion phasing. In comparison with throttled spark ignition (SI) operation on the same engine, HCCI achieved 25–55 per cent of the peak SI indicated work, and did so at uniformly higher thermal efficiency. This was accompanied by a two order of magnitude reduction in NO emissions. In fact, single-digit (ppm) NO emissions were realized under many load conditions. In contrast, hydrocarbon emissions proved to be significantly higher in HCCI combustion under almost all conditions. Varying the equivalence ratio showed a wider equivalence ratio tolerance at low loads for HCCI.

Modelling and Simulation of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Fueled by Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshack Hawi ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmed ◽  
Shinichi Ookawara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a combustion technology which has received increased attention of researchers in the combustion field for its potential in achieving low oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emission in internal combustion (IC) engines. HCCI engines have advantages of higher thermal efficiency and reduced emissions in comparison to conventional internal combustion engines. In HCCI engines, ignition is controlled by the chemical kinetics, which leads to significant variation in ignition time with changes in the operating conditions. This variation limits the practical range of operation of the engine. Additionally, since HCCI engine operation combines the operating principles of both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, HCCI engine parameters such as compression ratio and injection timing may vary significantly depending on operating conditions, including the type of fuel used. As such, considerable research efforts have been focused on establishing optimal conditions for HCCI operation with both conventional and alternative fuels. In this study, numerical simulation is used to investigate the effect of compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of an HCCI engine fueled by pure biodiesel. Using a zero-dimensional (0-D) reactor model and a detailed reaction mechanism for biodiesel, the influence of compression ratio on the combustion and emission characteristics are studied in Chemkin-Pro. Simulation results are validated with available experimental data in terms of incylinder pressure and heat release rate to demonstrate the accuracy of the simulation model in predicting the performance of the actual engine. Analysis shows that an increase in compression ratio leads to advanced and higher peak incylinder pressure. The results also reveal that an increase in compression ratio produces advanced ignition and increased heat release rates for biodiesel combustion. Emission of NOx is observed to increase with increase in compression ratio while the effect of compression ratio on emissions of CO, CO2 and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) is only marginal.

An Experimental Investigation of the Exhaust Emissions From Spark-Assisted Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keros ◽  
B. T. Zigler ◽  
J. T. Wiswall ◽  
S. M. Walton ◽  
M. S. Wooldridge
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

The present study investigates the potential impact of spark-assisted (SA) homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) on pollutant exhaust gas emissions from an internal combustion engine. A single-cylinder research engine was used to compare the exhaust emissions of the engine when operated in HCCI, SA-HCCI and conventional spark ignited modes of operation. The study builds on previous results demonstrating the effects of the spark plasma kernel on the ignition process [1, 2]. Specifically, this study investigates the NOx, CO, and HC emissions from an optical engine fueled with indolene in HCCI and SA-HCCI modes at fuel lean conditions. Fuel/air equivalence ratios ranged from φ = 0.3–0.6. Time-averaged emissions were measured using an exhaust gas analyzer. In-cylinder pressure data were also acquired. The results show NOx emissions follow the trends of peak in-cylinder pressure implying that thermal NOx mechanisms dominate both the HCCI and SA-HCCI modes of engine operation. For SA-HCCI, spark timing could be used to change ignition phasing, and consequently change the in-cylinder peak pressure and resulting NOx emissions. Comparing HCCI and SA-HCCI emissions at nominally similar conditions (specifically, comparable indicated mean effective pressures and equivalence ratios) yielded similar NOx emissions. These data show that SA-HCCI may not have a NOx penalty when the spark timing is carefully applied.

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