Multi-axial Spine Biomechanical Testing System with Speckle Displacement Instrumentation

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Chung ◽  
S. H. Teoh ◽  
K. T. Tsai ◽  
K. K. Sin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
True Motion ◽  
Stiffness Properties

This paper reports on the design and development of a multi-axis (up to 6 axes) mechanical tester for spinal research and testing. The developed spine tester allowed true motion to be simulated on a specimen in pure or combined modes. To demonstrate the capability of the new tester, flexural stiffness properties of sheep lumbar motion segments were evaluated together with a non-contact speckle displacement measurement system. The flexural stiffness of the specimens was measured and compared under constrained and non-constrained testing conditions; with relieving of shear forces (non-constrained), it was found that the specimen behaved in a ‘stiffer’ manner.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMART DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
V. MANE DESHMUKH PRASHANT ◽  
D. M. ADAT ◽  
S. WAGH PRANALI ◽  
B. P. LADGAONKAR ◽  
S. K. TILEKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
Design And Development

scholarly journals Development of Thermal Performance Metrics for Direct Gas-Fired Circulating Heaters

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Smith ◽  
Brett C. Ramirez ◽  
Steven J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Many climate-controlled agricultural buildings use direct gas-fired circulating heaters (DGFCH) for supplement heat. There is no standardized test to calculate thermal efficiency for these heaters. This study aimed to develop a measurement system and analytical analysis for thermal efficiency, quantify the measurement uncertainty, and assess economics of DGFCH efficiency. The measurement system developed was similar to the ASHRAE 103 standard test stand with adaptations to connect the apparatus to the DGFCH. Two different propane measurement systems were used: input ratings < 30 kW used a mass flow system and input ratings > 30 kW used a volumetric gas meter. Three DGFCHs (21.9, 29.3, 73.3 kW) were tested to evaluate the system. Thermal efficiencies ranged from 92.4% to 100.9%. The resulting uncertainty (coverage factor of 2; ~95% Confidence Interval) ranged from 13.1% to 30.7% for input ratings of 56.3 to 11.4 kW. Key sources of uncertainty were propane and mass flow of air measurement. The economic impact of 1% difference in thermal efficiency ranged from USD $61.3 to $72.0 per heating season. Refinement of the testing system and procedures are needed to reduce the uncertainty. The application of this system will aid building designers in selection of DGFCHs for various applications.

Dual interferometric displacement measurement system incorporating a Wollaston interferometer

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Kemp ◽  
X. Q. Jiang ◽  
Yanong N. Ning ◽  
Andrew W. Palmer ◽  
Kenneth T. V. Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Displacement Measurement

Evaluation of an Experimental Testing System for Non-Powered Hand Tools

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Niemelä ◽  
Markku Leppänen ◽  
Minna Päivinen ◽  
Markku Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Hand Tool ◽  
Forearm Flexor

During the Eurohandtool Project an experimental testing system for non-powered hand tools was developed for laboratory testing. With this system, it is possible to measure simultaneously (1) the EMG activity of two muscles, (2) the opening angle of hand tool blades by means of a potentiometer and, (3) by means of strain gages, the force transmitted to the handle. The first part of evaluation of the system was to determine its time of warming-up, reliability, linearity and repeatability. This paper concentrates on the second part, during which the aim was to test the measurement system by comparing the forces needed to cut wood of a certain diameter, and the actual force required, as measured by a material-testing system. The correlation between forearm flexor muscle activity and the compression force created by the user was investigated. The evaluation of experimental testing system for non-powered hand tools has shown that there are methods to measure force demand, opening angle and EMG-activity simultaneously. However, it is recommended to make some improvements before this measurement system can be taken into widespread use.

scholarly journals Design and Development of a Nonintrusive Pressure Measurement System for Pipeline Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 04014001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sadeghioon ◽  
Robert Walton ◽  
David Chapman ◽  
Nicole Metje ◽  
Carl Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Measurement System

A high-precision laser displacement measurement system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Pan ◽  
Dengwei Zhang ◽  
Cui Liang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Xiaowu Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Displacement Measurement
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