Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (IRSOFC-GT)—Part II: Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses

2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycles

The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (IRSOFC) and gas turbine (GT) combined cycles. A mathematical model of the IRSOFC steady-state operation was presented in Part I of this work coupled to the thermodynamic analysis of a number of proposed IRSOFC-GT combined cycles, taking into account the influence of several technological constraints. In the second part of this work, both an exergy and a thermoeconomic analysis of the proposed cycles have been carried out using the TEMP code developed by the author. A suitable equation for IRSOFC cost evaluation based on cell geometry and performance has been proposed and employed to evaluate the electricity generation cost of the proposed combined systems. The results are presented and the influence of several parameters is discussed: external reformer operating conditions, fuel-to-air ratio, cell current density, compressor pressure ratio, etc. Diagrams proposed by the author for cost versus efficiency, cost versus specific work, and cost versus system pressure are also presented and discussed.

Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (IRSOFC-GT): Part B — Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide F. Massardo ◽  
Loredana Magistri
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycles

The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IRSOFC) and Gas Turbine (GT) combined cycles. A mathematical model of the IRSOFC steady-state operation was presented in Part A of this work (Massardo and Lubelli, 1998), coupled to the thermodynamic analysis of a number of proposed IRSOFC-GT combined cycles, taking into account the influence of several technological constraints. In the second part of this work, both an exergy and a thermoeconomic analysis of the proposed cycles have been carried out using the TEMP code developed by the Author (Agazzani and Massardo, 1997). A suitable equation for IRSOFC cost evaluation based on cell geometry and performance has been proposed and employed to evaluate the electricity generation cost of the proposed combined systems. The results are presented and the influence of several parameters is discussed: external reformer operating conditions, fuel to air ratio, cell current density, compressor pressure ratio, etc. Diagrams proposed by the Author (Massardo and Scialo’, 2000) for cost vs. efficiency, cost vs. specific work, and cost vs. system pressure are also presented and discussed.

Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (IRSOFC-GT): Part A — Cell Model and Cycle Thermodynamic Analysis

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Massardo ◽  
F. Lubelli
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
Combined Cycles

The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IRSOFC) and Gas Turbine (GT) combined cycles. To study complex systems involving IRSOFC a mathematical model has been developed that simulates the fuel cell steady-state operation. The model, tested with data available in literature, has been used for a complete IRSOFC parametric analysis taking into account the influence of cell operative pressure, cell and stream temperatures, fuel-oxidant flow rates and composition, etc. The analysis of IRSOFC-GT combined cycles has been carried out by using the ThermoEconomic Modular Program TEMP (Agazzani and Massardo, 1997). The code has been modified to allow IRSOFC, external reformer and flue gas condenser performance to be taken into account. Using as test case the IRSOFC-GT combined plant proposed by Harvey and Richter (1994) the capability of the modified TEMP code has been demonstrated. The thermodynamic analysis of a number of IRSOFC-GT combined cycles is presented and discussed, taking into account the influence of several technological constraints. The results are presented for both atmospheric and pressurised IRSOFC.

Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (IRSOFC-GT): Part A—Cell Model and Cycle Thermodynamic Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Massardo ◽  
F. Lubelli
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
Combined Cycles

The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (IRSOFC) and gas turbine (GT) combined cycles. To study complex systems involving IRSOFC a mathematical model has been developed that simulates the fuel cell steady-state operation. The model, tested with data available in literature, has been used for a complete IRSOFC parametric analysis taking into account the influence of cell operative pressure, cell and stream temperatures, fuel-oxidant flow rates and composition, etc. The analysis of IRSOFC-GT combined cycles has been carried out by using the ThermoEconomic Modular Program TEMP (Agazzani and Massardo, 1997). The code has been modified to allow IRSOFC, external reformer and flue gas condenser performance to be taken into account. Using as test case the IRSOFC-GT combined plant proposed by Harvey and Richter (1994) the capability of the modified TEMP code has been demonstrated. The thermodynamic analysis of a number of IRSOFC-GT combined cycles is presented and discussed, taking into account the influence of several technological constraints. The results are presented for both atmospheric and pressurized IRSOFC. [S0742-4795(00)00501-9]

Performance Study of Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine Power System

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Hong Bin Zhao ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel

The simulation and analyses of a “bottoming cycle” solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC–GT) hybrid system at the standard atmospheric condition is presented in this paper. The fuel cell model used in this research work is based on a tubular Siemens–Westinghouse–type SOFC with 1.8MW capacity. Energy and exergy analyses of the whole system at fixed conditions are carried out. Then, comparisons of the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each component are also conducted to determine the potential capability of the hybrid system to generate power. Moreover, the effects of operating conditions including fuel flow rate and SOFC operating temperature on performances of the hybrid system are analyzed.

Analysis of Electrochemical Performance and Exergy Loss in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousuke Nishida ◽  
Toshimi Takagi ◽  
Shinichi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Exhaust Heat

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is expected to be applied to the distributed energy systems because of its high thermal efficiency and exhaust gas utilization. The exhaust heat from the SOFC can be transferred to the electric power by a gas turbine, and the high efficiency power generation can be achieved by constructing the SOFC and gas turbine hybrid system. In this study, the local processes in the electrodes and electrolyte of unit SOFC are analyzed taking into account the heat conduction, mass diffusion, electrode reactions and the transport of electron and oxygen ion. The temperature and concentration distributions perpendicular to the electrolyte membrane are shown. The effects of the operating conditions on the cell performance are also shown. Furthermore, the entropy generation and exergy loss of each process in the electrodes and electrolyte are analyzed and the reason for generating the exergy loss in the SOFC is clarified. It is noted that two electrode reactions are responsible for the major exergy loss.

Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell under internal reforming: Critical operating conditions, associated problems and their impact on the performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 625-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce María Silva-Mosqueda ◽  
Francisco Elizalde-Blancas ◽  
Davide Pumiglia ◽  
Francesca Santoni ◽  
Carlos Boigues-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Internal Reforming

Designing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Using Exergy Analysis

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Bosch ◽  
N. Woudstra ◽  
K. V. van der Nat
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Exergy Losses

In conventional gas turbine systems combustion results in high exergy losses (∼30%) of fuel exergy input. Replacing the combustor with a high temperature fuel cell, like the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), will significantly reduce these exergy losses. As the SOFC electrochemically converts the natural gas, exergy losses are far lower (∼10%) compared to combustion. Natural gas entering a SOFC system has to be reformed first to hydrogen and carbon monoxide by steam reforming. Here it is chosen to use the heat generated by the fuel cell to drive the endothermic reforming reactions: internal reforming. The SOFC-GT system has the advantage that both fuel cell and gas turbine technology contribute to power production. In earlier work [1] several fuel cell system configurations with PEMFC, MCFC or SOFC, were analyzed studying the exergy flows. Here is focused on the SOFC-GT configuration, to get a detailed understanding of the exergy flows and losses through all individual components. Several configurations, combining the SOFC with the GT are possible. The selected operating conditions should prevent carbon deposition. Systems studies are performed to get more insight in the exergy losses in these combined systems. Exergy analysis facilitates the search for the high efficient SOFC-GT hybrid systems. Using exergy analysis, several useful configurations are found. Exergy losses are minimized by varying pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature. Sensitivity studies, of equivalent cell resistance and fuel cell temperature, show that total system exergy efficiencies of more than 80% are conceivable, without using a bottoming cycle.

Exergy Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Amati ◽  
Enrico Sciubba ◽  
Claudia Toro
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Internal Reforming

The paper presents the exergy analysis of a natural gas fuelled energy conversion process consisting of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell coupled with a gas turbine. The fuel is partly processed in a reformer and then undergoes complete reforming in an internal reforming planar SOFC stack (IRSOFC). The syngas fuels in turn a standard gas turbine cycle that drives the fuel compressor and generates excess shaft power. Extensive heat recovery is enforced both in the Gas Turbine and between the topping SOFC and the bottoming GT. Two different configurations have been simulated and compared on an exergy basis: in the first one, the steam needed to support the external and the internal reforming reactions is completely supplied by an external Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), while in the second one that steam is mainly obtained by recirculating part of the steam-rich anode outlet stream. The thermodynamic model of the fuel cell system has been developed and implemented into the library of a modular object-oriented Process Simulator, Camel-Pro®; then, by means of this simulator, the exergetic performance of the two alternative configurations has been analyzed. A detailed analysis of the exergy destruction at component level is presented, to better assess the distribution of irreversibilities along the process and to gain useful design insight.

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