Experimental and Biphasic FEM Determinations of the Material Properties and Hydraulic Permeability of the Meniscus in Tension1

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. LeRoux ◽  
Lori A. Setton
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Permeability Coefficients ◽  
Matrix Properties ◽  
Biphasic Finite Element

Tensile tests and biphasic finite element modeling were used to determine a set of transversely isotropic properties for the meniscus, including the hydraulic permeability coefficients and solid matrix properties. Stress-relaxation tests were conducted on planar samples of canine meniscus samples of different orientations, and the solid matrix properties were determined from equilibrium data. A 3-D linear biphasic and tranversely isotropic finite element model was developed to model the stress-relaxation behavior of the samples in tension, and optimization was used to determine the permeability coefficients, k1 and k2, governing fluid flow parallel and perpendicular to the collagen fibers, respectively. The collagen fibrillar orientation was observed to have an effect on the Young’s moduli (E1=67.8MPa,E2=11.1MPa) and Poisson’s ratios (ν12=2.13,ν21=1.50,ν23=1.02). However, a significant effect of anisotropy on permeability was not detected (k1=0.09×10−16m4/Ns,k2=0.10×10−16m4/Ns). The low permeability values determined in this study provide insight into the extent of fluid pressurization in the meniscus and will impact modeling predictions of load support in the meniscus.

A transversely isotropic biphasic finite element model of the meniscus

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Spilker ◽  
Peter S. Donzelli ◽  
Van C. Mow
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Biphasic Finite Element

scholarly journals Finite Element Method modeling of Additive Manufactured Compressor Wheel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Tamás Birosz ◽  
Mátyás Andó ◽  
Sudhanraj Jeganmohan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Isotropic Hardening ◽  
Compressor Wheel ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Element Method

AbstractDesigning components is a complex task, which depends on the component function, the raw material, and the production technology. In the case of rotating parts with higher RPM, the creep and orientation are essential material properties. The PLA components made with the material extrusion process are more resistant than VeroWhite (material jetting) and behave similarly to weakly cross-linked elastomers. Also, based on the tensile tests, Young’s modulus shows minimal anisotropy. Multilinear isotropic hardening and modified time hardening models are used to create the finite element model. Based on the measurements, the finite element method simulation was identified. The deformation in the compressor wheel during rotation became definable. It was concluded that the strain of the compressor wheel manufactured with material extrusion technology is not significant.

An Improved Control Arm Design for a Commercial Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Yıldırım ◽  
Ufuk Çoban ◽  
Mehmet Çevik
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Von Mises

Suspension linkages are one of the fundamental structural elements in each vehicle since they connect the wheel carriers i.e. axles to the body of the vehicle. Moreover, the characteristics of suspension linkages within a suspension system can directly affect driving safety, comfort and economics. Beyond these, all these design criteria are bounded to the package space of the vehicle. In last decades, suspension linkages have been focused on in terms of design development and cost reduction. In this study, a control arm of a diesel public bus was taken into account in order to get the most cost-effective design while improving the strength within specified boundary conditions. Due to the change of the supplier, the control arm of a rigid axle was redesigned to find an economical and more durable solution. The new design was analyzed first by the finite element analysis software Ansys and the finite element model of the control arm was validated by physical tensile tests. The outputs of the study demonstrate that the new design geometry reduces the maximum Von Mises stress 15% while being within the elastic region of the material in use and having found an economical solution in terms of supplier’s criteria.

BIOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF BOVINE SKIN: AN EXPERIMENT-THEORY INTEGRATION AND FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Fazli Adull Manan ◽  
Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽  
Aidah Jumahat
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Theory Integration ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Knowledge Enhancement ◽  
First Time

This paper for the first time attempts to establish the biomechanical characteristics of bovine skin via experiment-theory integration and finite element simulation. 30 specimens prepared from fresh slaughtered bovine were uniaxially stretched in-vitro using tensile tests machine. The experimental raw data are then input into a Matlab programme, which quantified the hyperelastic parameters based on Ogden constitutive equation. It is found that the Ogden coefficient and exponent for bovine skin are μ = 0.017 MPa and α = 11.049 respectively. For comparison of results, the quantified Ogden parameters are then input into a simple but robust finite element model, which is developed to replicate the experimental setup and simulate the deformation of the bovine skin. Results from experiment-theory integration and finite element simulation are compared. It is found that the stress-stretch curves are close to one another. The results and finding prove that the current study is significant and has contributed to knowledge enhancement about the deformation behaviour of bovine skin.

Nanocomposites Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes With Effective Young’s Modulus Dependent on Number of Layers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Joshi ◽  
S. H. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Transverse Modulus

The excellent combination of high strength, stiffness, low density and aspect ratio makes carbon nanotubes ideal reinforcement for nanocomposites. The load transfer between the outer and inner layers of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is one of the important factor in the reinforcement of nanocomposites. In this work, the effect of variation in number of layers of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on effective tensile, compressive and transverse modulus of composite is evaluated. A 3-D finite element model based on representative volume element, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotube made of shell elements surrounded by solid matrix material is built. With the increase in number of layers in multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the compressive modulus of composite increases, while the tensile modulus decreases. The transverse modulus of composite is found to increase, with the increase in number of layers in MWCNT. The finite element results for composite are compared with the rule of mixtures results using formulae.

Effect of Compressive and Shear Deformation of 2.5D Preform on its Stiffness of Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Fang Bin Lin ◽  
Ying Dai ◽  
Han Yang Li ◽  
Yang Qu ◽  
Wen Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Plane Shear

Transverse compaction and in-plane shear deformartion are the dominative deformation mode for woven preform during forming process. A full finite element model of the 2.5D woven composites has been established by the computed tomography (CT) in this paper. Based on the energy method, the effective orthotropic/anisotropic stiffness coefficientsCijare calculated by performing a finite element analysis (FEA) of this full cell model. Using this model, the effects of the compaction and shear deformation of the 2.5D woven preform on the composites stiffness are investigated in detail. Compared the results of the static tensile tests, the rationality of the model and the method is verified.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Self Piercing Riveted Joint

2019 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
R. T. Kolhe ◽  
V. L. Kadlag
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
State Process

Joining is an important process in a number of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, oil, and gas. Many products cannot be fabricated as a single piece, so components are fabricated first and assembled later. Joining technology can be classified as a liquid-solid-state process and mechanical means. Liquid-solid-state joining includes welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding. Mechanical joining includes fasteners, bolts, nuts, and rivets. Metal joining is a process that uses heat to melt or heat metal just below the melting temperature. The main principle is a shear condition of material. In case of shear test of conventional riveting joints, their strength is determined by the mechanical properties of the fastener material is high. Hence, it is expedient to have more insight on the fracture mechanism of various joints during tensile tests. This paper discusses the strength of self piercing rivets of sheet materials that is aluminum alloy, and their arrangements. This thesis presents a study of the effect of controllable self piercing rivet parameters, mainly tensile force, rivet length, rivet diameter tolerance, hole countersunk depth and hole diameter tolerance, on the quality of formed rivet. The quality of a formed rivet is determined by the geometry of its head formation and the extent to which the hole is filled. The study determines. The study is performed using finite element simulation of the riveting process. Theoretical relations between tensile force and formed rivet geometry derived in this study is used to validate the finite element model. Statistical design of experiment is employed to analyze the simulation data of riveting and determine the effect of individual factors, their interactions and relationship with the quality of formed self piercing rivet. The results demonstrate that the correct formation of rivet head geometry depends upon all the factors studied.

Numerical Contact Analysis of Transversely Isotropic Coatings: A Cylinder Within a Circumferential Groove

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint Morrow, ◽  
Michael Lovell, ◽  
Zhi Deng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Circumferential Groove ◽  
Approach Distance ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Coating Parameter

The contact characteristics of transversely isotropic coatings are investigated for a cylinder within a circumferential groove using a two-dimensional finite element model. With the model, contact behavior is evaluated at more than 400 operating conditions by varying coating material, coating thickness, normal load, and cylinder/groove radii. Based on the finite element results, numerical expressions are derived for the maximum surface pressure, contact length, and approach distance as a function of a transversely isotropic coating parameter, ζ. The importance of these expressions, as related to design and the selection of materials for reducing wear in contacting surfaces, is subsequently discussed.

A 3D Biphasic Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibiofemoral Contact and Fluid Pressurization

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Guo ◽  
Suzanne A. Maher ◽  
Robert L. Spilker
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Problem ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Biphasic Finite Element

Biphasic theory which considers soft tissue, such as articular cartilage and meniscus, as a combination of a solid and a fluid phase has been widely used to model their biomechanical behavior [1]. Though fluid flow plays an important role in the load-carrying ability of soft tissues, most finite element models of the knee joint consider cartilage and the meniscus as solid. This simplification is due to the fact that biphasic contact is complicated to model. Beside the continuity conditions for displacement and traction that a single-phase contact problem consists of, there are two additional continuity conditions in the biphasic contact problem for relative fluid flow and fluid pressure [2]. The problem becomes even more complex when a joint is being modeled. The knee joint, for example, has multiple contact pairs which make the biphasic finite element model of this joint far more complex. Several biphasic models of the knee have been developed [3–9], yet simplifications were included in these models: (1) the 3D geometry of the knee was represented by a 2D axisymmetric geometry [3, 5, 6, 9]; (2) no fluid flow was allowed between contact surfaces of the soft tissues [4, 8] which is inconsistent with the equation of mass conservation across the contact interface [10]; (3) zero fluid pressure boundary conditions were inaccurately applied around the contact area [7].

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