The History of the B2 Stress Index

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon C. Matzen ◽  
Ying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Index ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stress Intensification Factor ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The history of the primary stress design equations for Class 1 and 2 elbows in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section III, Division 1, Subsections NB and NC) is reviewed. The review includes the early analytical solutions for elbow bending, Markl’s stress-intensification factor, the development of Code equation (9), the relationship between SIFs and the C2 and B2 stress indices, development of B2 equations that are functions of internal pressure and bend angle, and a suggested definition of the B2 index which is based on nonlinear finite element analysis.

Armenian prosody in typology and diachrony

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica DeLisi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
History Of ◽  
Final Syllable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stress Patterns

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between typology and historical linguistics through a case study from the history of Armenian, where two different stress systems are found in the modern language. The first is a penult system with no associated secondary stress ([… σ́σ]ω). The other, the so-called hammock pattern, has primary stress on the final syllable and secondary stress on the initial syllable of the prosodic word ([σ̀ … σ́]ω). Although penult stress patterns are by far more typologically common than the hammock pattern in the world’s languages, I will argue that the hammock pattern must be reconstructed for the period of shared innovation, the Proto-Armenian period.

Parody—Nature and Definition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Sabine Jacques
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the nature and definition of parody in the context of copyright law. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has introduced two requirements that must be satisfied before a work may be considered a ‘parody’: firstly, it must ‘evoke an existing work while being noticeably different from it’, and secondly, it must ‘constitute an expression of humour or mockery’. The chapter first traces the origin and history of parody in the arts, including music, before discussing the relationship of parody with concepts such as satire, caricature, and pastiche. It then examines why a parody exception has been considered necessary in copyright law. The chapter goes on to analyse the legal evolution of parody in France, Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, showing that the existing international human rights framework may influence the definition of parody in intellectual property law.

Regional Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-67
Author(s):  
Tan Hsien-Li
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship that Asia-Pacific regional and sub-regional organizations have with international law, looking at seven international organizations that span the region. It is commonly believed that the member states of Asia-Pacific regional organizations prefer less formalized institutions and fewer binding commitments. Conventional reasons for this include their history of colonialism, less legalistic and formalized cultures, and a preference for stricter conceptions of sovereignty. As such, their organizations are often perceived as less effective. However, the effectiveness of Asia-Pacific regional institutions should not be judged by one uniform standard. Instead they should be judged on their own definition of effectiveness. There should be a broader understanding that Asia-Pacific states consciously use and participate in their regional organizations differently than in other regions, and they may prefer less institutionalized models as these serve their purposes better and can still be successful.

scholarly journals Richard of St. Victor: Person and existence

Sabornost ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Đakovac
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Richard of St. Victor is an important figure in the history of scholasticism. In this paper, we will analyze his idea of the person, which he developed for the needs of Triadology. The peculiarity of Richard's point of view is reflected in the attempt to establish the relationship as a key ontological definition of the person. In his thinking, Richard relies on his predecessors, primarily Tertullian, Augustine and to some extent Anselm. Despite the limitations arising from such a background, Richard's insights were a novelty in the thought of the Western Christianity, and the consequences of his teachings have never been fully grasped.

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between infantile colic and parental migraine in infants aged 4 to 12 weeks in Urmia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e22-e22
Author(s):  
Ezatolah Abbasi ◽  
Ahad Ghazavi ◽  
Kamran Dehghan ◽  
Mahsa Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Early Sign ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Infantile Colic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Infantile colic affects 5% to 19% of infants. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between infantile colic crying and migraine in parents. Patients and Methods: In this study, the infants referred to Urmia health centers with 4 to 12 weeks old were investigated. According to the definition of infantile colic and questioning the parents, those infants were identified who cried at least three hours a day, at least three days a week, for at least 3 weeks. By filling out a questionnaire on infantile colic and migraine in parents, the relationship between migraine in parents and colic in infants was examined. Results: In this study, 195 infants aged 4 to 12 weeks were included. Around 107 (54.9%) were male. The mean age of infants was 6.50 ± 2.10 weeks. Of the 195 infants, 65 (33.3%) had colic, 32 (49.2%) were male and 33 (50.8%) were female (P = 0.26). Around 47 (24.1%) of parents had migraine and 148 (75.9%) had no history of migraine. Of 65 infants with colic, 38 (58.5%) had migraine parents and 27 (41.5%) had no history of parental migraine. Of 130 infants without colic, 9 (6.9%) of the parents had a history of migraine and 121 (93.1%) of them had no migraine (P = 0.001). Of 65 infants with colic, 31 of the mothers had migraine, since of 130 infants without colic, none of their mothers complained about migraine (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Infantile colic was significantly associated with parental migraine and it could be an early sign of disease in infants.

Legal Uses of Anthropology in France in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Audren ◽  
Laetitia Guerlain
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter sheds light on the long-standing history of the relationship between law and the human and social sciences in nineteenth- and twentieth-century France. This story has often been reduced to its most recent and academic development, that is, legal anthropology. However, focusing on this strictly contemporary, academic definition of anthropology risks overlooking the many and varied ways of thinking that, over the past two centuries and more, have shaped the relationship between law and the study of humanity. The authors suggest that such an approach obscures the depth and the variety of forms that this relationship took over time. This chapter documents the various ways that legal scholars in France—over the course of two centuries marked by the rise of codification and legal positivism—drew upon history, philology, ethnology, physical anthropology, and sociology, all in the pursuit of a more profound understanding of homo juridicus.

The relationship between parenting styles and children’s behavior at a dental appointment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
M. O. Nagaeva ◽  
◽  
R. R. Sultanova ◽  
V. S. Nikolaychuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dental Appointment ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. To identify the relationship between the parenting style and the child’s behavior during a dental appointment. Materials and methods. This study involved 110 children and their parents. The children met the following requirements: age from 4 to 6 years, no history of systemic and mental illnesses, primary admission. We used the search methods, questionnaires, and statistical calculations. Information from parents was collected using Stepanov’s questionnaire “Styles of parenting behavior” and Frankl’s behavioral scale. Results. Analysis of the results showed that 60% of parents correctly predicted the behavior of their child, namely families that adhere to authoritative, liberal and indifferent styles. The most positive behavior at a dental appointment was observed in children growing up in a family with an authoritative parenting style. Conclusion. The data confirms the connection between the parenting style and the behavior of children in dentistry. The definition of parenting style is important for the interaction of the child and the pediatric dentist, and should be taken into account when choosing an effective method of behavioral guidance.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ON THE DEFINITION OF THE SUBJECT OF CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlena Shtefan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this article was one of the fundamental and debatable provisions of the doctrine of civil procedural law - its subject. The author on the basis of the analysis of scientific sources, the legislation carried out the retrospective analysis of formation and development of scientific thought concerning definition of a subject of civil procedural law. The paper identifies two main approaches to understanding the subject of the industry and elements of its structure. Analyzing the "narrow" approach to defining the subject of civil procedural law and certain areas of its coverage in the works of scholars, the author substantiates the position on the relationship between procedural activities and social relations that arise between the court and the parties. Particular attention is paid to the history of inclusion in the subject of civil procedural law enforcement proceedings. The author's position on the subject and system of civil procedural law is substantiated. The essence of the "broad" approach to the definition of the subject of the industry by including in its structure of non-jurisdictional forms of legal protection is revealed. The essence of two opposite tendencies in scientific researches concerning structure of a subject of civil procedural law is revealed: the first tendency is reduced to expansion of a subject at the expense of inclusion in it of economic procedural law, at ignoring independent character of this branch of law; the second - the narrowing of the subject of civil procedural law by removing from its structure of enforcement proceedings, the relations arising in the consideration of labor cases. The connection between the definition of the subject of civil procedural law and the jurisdiction of the court defined in the legislation is substantiated. It is proved that the tendency to narrow the subject of civil procedural law was embodied in the legislation of the country as a result of judicial reform in 2016, which led to conflicts in legislation and problems in law enforcement. Based on the theoretical model of determining the subject of legal regulation and using the analogy of determining its structure, the elements of the structure of the subject of civil procedural law are distinguished and its definition is formulated.

The relationship of the order of crystallization of basalt melts to their classification and to the definition of rock series

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (318) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Cameron ◽  
W. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Rock Series ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Basalt Composition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basalt Type

SummaryBasalt composition is defined as that chemical composition which when crystallized at one atmosphere under standard conditions will yield olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase as the principal silicate phases. This gives six classes of basalt defined by their order of crystallization but only four of these are encountered in rocks: class 1, olivine→clinopyroxene→plagioclase; class 2, olivine→plagioclase→clinopyroxene; class 3, plagioclase→olivine→clinopyroxene; and class 4, plagioclase→linopyroxene→olivine. Classes 5 and 6 would have clinopyroxene as the first phase. The class can be determined from the rock composition from multivariate discriminant function equations but Si, Mg, Al, and Na provide a more simple diagnosis via dis-criminant diagrams. Rock series plotted on these diagrams show systematic trends that allow the series them-selves to be classified. Each class corresponds with a commonly recognized basalt type and all four classes relate to tectonic setting groups.

Reflections on Writing a History of Women Teachers

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Women Teachers ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Feminist History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, Kathleen Weiler reflects on the historiography of Country Schoolwomen, her recent study of women teachers in rural California. Using a broad definition of feminist research, Weiler summarizes some of the most salient issues currently under debate among feminist scholars. She raises questions about the nature of knowledge, the influence of language in the social construction of gender, and the importance of an awareness of subjectivity in the production of historical evidence. Using several cases from Country Schoolwomen, Weiler discusses the importance of considering the conditions under which testimony is given, both in terms of the dominant issues of the day — for example, the way womanliness or teaching is presented in the authoritative discourse — and the relationship between speaker and audience. She concludes that a feminist history that begins with a concern with the constructed quality of evidence moves uneasily between historical narrative and a self-conscious analysis of texts.

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