scholarly journals On Pressure Distributions of Drum Brakes

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
J. S. Shyr
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Drum Brake ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Brake Drum ◽  
Drum Brakes ◽  
Lining Plate

Based on the assumptions that there is perfect contact at the interface between the brake drum and the lining plates, the friction coefficient is constant, the thermal effect is neglected, and the brake drum is a rigid body, the pressure distributions of drum brakes were studied by using the boundary element method. The constant element is used in the two-dimensional model of the drum brake for simplicity and economy. The friction force versus the effective lift at the actuation edge and the location of the maximum pressure are compared and indicate a good correlation with existing data. The effects of the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the metal shoe, the arc lengths of the metal shoe and lining plate, the location, the thickness, the friction coefficient, the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the lining plate, and the angle of actuation force on the pressure distributions were then studied. By selecting proper values of these parameters, a drum brake can be designed to have a more uniform pressure distribution and a longer life.

scholarly journals Pressure Distributions of Drum Brakes

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
J. S. Shyr
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Brake Drum ◽  
Drum Brakes ◽  
Lining Plate

Abstract With the assumptions that the interface between the brake drum and the lining plates is perfect contact, that the friction coefficient is constant, that the thermal effect is neglected, that the brake drum and metal shoes are rigid, the pressure distributions of drum brakes are studied by using the boundary element method. The constant element is used in the two dimensional model of the drum brake for simplicity and economy. The pressure distributions on the metal shoe and the lining plate and the friction force versus the effective cam lift are compared and show good agreement with the available data. The effects of the Young’s modulus of elasticity, the angle of the arc length, the friction coefficient, the location and the thickness of the lining plate, the Young’s modulus of elasticity and the angle of the arc length of the metal shoe, and the angle of the actuating force on the pressure distributions of the drum brakes are then studied.

THE INFLUENCE OF SEX HORMONES ON THE BONY CHANGES OCCURRING IN PARALYSED LIMBS

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. GILLESPIE
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Breaking Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Ash Weight

SUMMARY 1. Paralysis, produced in young male rats by avulsion of peripheral nerves, resulted in a highly significant reduction in the total weight, ash weight, ash percentage, X-ray density and bending moment at the breaking point, of the bones of the affected limb. The breaking stress was significantly reduced, but Young's modulus of elasticity was unaltered. 2. Certain of these changes were modified by treatment with sex hormones. Both oestradiol and testosterone significantly reduced the difference between the bones of the normal and paralysed limbs in respect of total weight, ash weight and bending moment at the breaking point. 3. Treatment with oestradiol significantly increased both the ash percentage and Young's modulus of elasticity, the increase affecting equally the bones of the normal and paralysed limbs. Testosterone treatment did not significantly affect either of these properties, and neither hormone affected the breaking stress.

Effects of Vertebral Body Changes on Cervical Spine Load Sharing

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyue Zhang ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Axial Compressive Force ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of changes in the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the cancellous bone that occur due to the ageing process on the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine. An anatomically accurate three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear finite element model of the C4-C5-C6 cervical spinal unit was used. The inferior surface of the C6 vertebrae was fixed in all degrees of freedom, and external loads were applied to the top surface of the C4 vertebra. The model was exercised under an axial compressive force of 754 N. In addition, flexion and extension bending moments of 3.44 Nm were applied individually to the model. The effects of ageing on bone strength were simulated by decreasing the Young’s modulus of elasticity from 100 MPa in the healthy spine to 40 MPa in the degenerated spine. The degenerated spine was found to be more flexible than the healthy spine. In addition, the degenerated spine responded with increased forces in the outer anterior and posterior regions of the vertebral body. Furthermore, forces in the facet joints increased in the degenerated spine. In contrast, the middle region of the disc showed decreased forces. These increases in the forces leading to stress risers may explain the occurrence of osteophytes in the spine with age.

scholarly journals Young’s modulus of elasticity of Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehong Zeng ◽  
Taras Juzkiw ◽  
A. Thomas Read ◽  
Darren W.-H. Chan ◽  
Matthew R. Glucksberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Schlemm’S Canal ◽  
Schlemm's Canal ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity
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