Relationship Between the External Force and the Specific Work of Fracture R for Steady-State Tearing and Peeling of Elastoplastic Materials

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Liu ◽  
A. G. Atkins ◽  
G. Jeronimidis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
External Force ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Elastoplastic Materials ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Specific Work Of Fracture

A simple relationship is obtained between the external force F and the fracture toughness R for thin sheets in steady state elastoplastic combined tearing and peeling along self-similar paths. The relationship depends only on the material properties (E, σy, and α for an elastoplastic material with linear hardening) and strip cross section (B and H). An earlier analysis (which incorporates transient tearing and peeling) requires lengthy computations over the whole length of the strip. The present analysis avoids that complication. Experiments in steady-state agree with the theory.

Analysis of Non-Linear Relationship between Specific Work of Fracture and Ligament of Polymeric Materials Using Modified EWF Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Duan ◽  
Xiao Zhi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Zone ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Ligament Length ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Dependent Behaviour ◽  
Specific Work Of Fracture

This paper explores the ligament-dependent behaviour of specific work of fracture of polymeric materials using a recently-developed modified EWF model. It is demonstrated that the non-linear relationship between specific work of fracture (wf) and ligament length (l) is a result of specimen boundary influence on the evolution of plastic zone. A transition ligament (l*) is defined, below which, the height of under-developed plastic zone is equal to the ligament length, and as a result, a linear wf-l relation will be observed. The plastic zone will saturate at the transition ligament, and its height will no longer increase when l > l*. This will result in a non-linear wf-l relation. Experimental wf-l data available in the literature are analysed using the modified EWF model and very good agreements are achieved.

Contribution of specific work of fracture to size effect in microcutting

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatraya Parle ◽  
Ramesh K. Singh ◽  
Suhas S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Specific Work Of Fracture

The specific work of fracture in ball shear test and the integrity of solder balls

2006 ◽  
Vol 428 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Yan Hon Chia ◽  
Brian Cotterell ◽  
Augustine Yew Heng Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Ball Shear ◽  
Ball Shear Test ◽  
Solder Balls ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Specific Work Of Fracture

Mast Cells as a Double-Edged Sword in Immunity: Their Function in Health and Disease. First of Two Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-669
Author(s):  
Thea Magrone ◽  
Manrico Magrone ◽  
Emilio Jirillo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Mast cells (MCs) have recently been re-interpreted in the context of the immune scenario in the sense that their pro-allergic role is no longer exclusive. In fact, MCs even in steady state conditions maintain homeostatic functions, producing mediators and intensively cross-talking with other immune cells. Here, emphasis will be placed on the array of receptors expressed by MCs and the variety of cytokines they produce. Then, the bulk of data discussed will provide readers with a wealth of information on the dual ability of MCs not only to defend but also to offend the host. This double attitude of MCs relies on many variables, such as their subsets, tissues of residency and type of stimuli ranging from microbes to allergens and food antigens. Finally, the relationship between MCs with basophils and eosinophils will be discussed.

scholarly journals Estimation of resistance force at steady-state sinkage for cylindrical wheel-typed lunar/planetary exploration rovers with function of push–pull locomotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Fujiwara ◽  
Naoki Tsujikawa ◽  
Tetsuya Oshima ◽  
Kojiro Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Forces

Abstract Planetary exploration rovers have required a high traveling performance to overcome obstacles such as loose soil and rocks. Push-pull locomotion rovers is a unique scheme, like an inchworm, and it has high traveling performance on loose soil. Push-pull locomotion uses the resistance force by keeping a locked-wheel related to the ground, whereas the conventional rotational traveling uses the shear force from loose soil. The locked-wheel is a key factor for traveling in the push-pull scheme. Understanding the sinking behavior and its resistance force is useful information for estimating the rover’s performance. Previous studies have reported the soil motion under the locked-wheel, the traction, and the traveling behavior of the rover. These studies were, however, limited to the investigation of the resistance force and amount of sinkage for the particular condition depending on the rover. Additionally, the locked-wheel sinks into the soil until it obtains the required force for supporting the other wheels’ motion. How the amount of sinkage and resistance forces are generated at different wheel sizes and mass of an individual wheel has remained unclear, and its estimation method hasn’t existed. This study, therefore, addresses the relationship between the sinkage and its resistance force, and we analyze and consider this relationship via the towing experiment and theoretical consideration. The results revealed that the sinkage reached a steady-state value and depended on the contact area and mass of each wheel, and the maximum resistance force also depends on this sinkage. Additionally, the estimation model did not capture the same trend as the experimental results when the wheel width changed, whereas, the model captured a relatively the same trend as the experimental result when the wheel mass and diameter changed.

Prediction of Hearing Threshold in Infants Using Auditory Steady-State Evoked Potentials

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Rance ◽  
Field Rickards
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Behavioral Thresholds ◽  
Similar Threshold ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Audiometric Test

This retrospective study examines the relationship between auditory steady-state evoked potential (ASSEP) thresholds determined in infancy and subsequently obtained behavioral hearing levels in children with normal hearing or varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Overall, the results from 211 subjects showed that the two test techniques were highly correlated, with Pearson r values exceeding .95 at each of the audiometric test frequencies between 500 and 4000 Hz. Analysis of the findings for babies with significant hearing loss (moderate to profound levels) showed similar threshold relationships to those obtained in previous studies involving adults and older children. The results for infants with normal or near-normal hearing did, however, differ from those reported for older subjects, with behavioral thresholds typically 10 to 15 dB better than would have been predicted from their ASSEP levels.

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