Performance of the Directly-Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) Operating at 20 Bar and 1,200°C

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kribus ◽  
P. Doron ◽  
R. Rubin ◽  
R. Reuven ◽  
E. Taragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Air Temperatures

The Directly Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) is a volumetric (directly-irradiated) windowed cavity receiver, designed for operation at a pressure of 10–30 bar, exit gas temperature of up to 1,300°C, and aperture radiation flux of up to 10 MW/m2. This paper presents test results obtained under various irradiation conditions and flow rates. Inlet aperture flux was up to 5 MW/m2; exit air temperatures of up to 1,200°C were obtained, while operating at pressures of 17–20 bar. Estimated receiver efficiency in these tests was in the range of 0.7–0.9. The absorber and window temperatures were 200-400°C below the permitted maximum, indicating that higher air exit temperatures are possible.

Performance of the Directly-Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) Operating at 20 Bar and 1,200°C

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kribus ◽  
P. Doron ◽  
R. Rubin ◽  
R. Reuven ◽  
E. Taragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Air Temperatures

Abstract The Directly Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) is a volumetric (directly-irradiated) windowed cavity receiver, designed for operation at a pressure of 10–30 bar, exit gas temperature of up to 1,300°C, and aperture radiation flux of up to 10 MW/m2. This paper presents test results obtained under various irradiation conditions and flow rates. Inlet aperture flux was up to 5 MW/m2; exit air temperatures of up to 1,200°C were obtained, while operating at pressures of 17–20 bar. Estimated receiver efficiency in these tests was in the range of 0.7–0.9. The absorber and window temperatures were 200–400°C below the permitted maximum, indicating that higher air exit temperatures are possible.

scholarly journals Investigation of Flow through a Labyrinth Seal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Marius ENACHE ◽  
Razvan CARLANESCU ◽  
Andreea MANGRA ◽  
Florin FLOREAN ◽  
Radu KUNCSER
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Leaks

Growing performance requirements for gas turbines have led to a continuous increase in gas temperature and pressure ratios. Together with the resulting increase in cooling flows, this requires more and more minimization and control of internal gas leaks. To meet future performance goals, the application of a new seal design and an improved understanding of leakage flow characteristics are of particular importance. The air mass flow through a labyrinth seal designed for a low-pressure turbine has been determined both through analytical calculus and CFD modeling. Different radial clearances and different air temperatures have been considered. In the next stage, the results will be validated through experiments.

scholarly journals Physical Aspects of Deposition From Coal Water Fuels Under Gas Turbine Conditions

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wenglarz ◽  
Ralph G. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Stators And Rotors ◽  
Temperature Surface ◽  
Deposition Control

Deposition, erosion, and corrosion (DEC) experiments were conducted using three coal-water fuels (CWF) in a staged subscale turbine combustor operated at conditions of a recuperated turbine. This rich-quench-lean (RQL) combustor appears promising for reducing NOx levels to acceptable levels for future turbines operating with CWF. Specimens were exposed in two test sections to the combustion products from the RQL combustor. The gas and most surface temperatures in the first and second test sections represented temperatures in the first stators and rotors, respectively, of a recuperated turbine. The test results indicate deposition is affected substantially by gas temperature, surface temperature, and unburned carbon due to incomplete combustion. The high rates of deposition observed at first stator conditions showed the need for additional tests to identify CWF coals with lower deposition tendencies and to explore deposition control measures such as hot gas cleanup.

Use of Early Exhaust Valve Opening to Improve Combustion Efficiency and Catalyst Effectiveness in a Multi-Cylinder RCCI Engine System: A Simulation Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Nageswaran Bharath ◽  
Nitya Kalva ◽  
Rolf D. Reitz ◽  
Christopher J. Rutland
Keyword(s):  
System Simulation ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies such as Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) can result in significant improvements of fuel economy and emissions reduction. However, they can produce significant carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at low load operating conditions due to poor combustion efficiencies at these operating points, which is a consequence of the low combustion temperatures that cause the oxidation rates of these species to slow down. The exhaust gas temperature is also not high enough at low loads for effective performance of turbocharger systems and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). The DOC is extremely sensitive to exhaust gas temperature changes and lights off only when a certain temperature is reached, depending on the catalyst specifications. Uncooled EGR can increase combustion temperatures, thereby improving combustion efficiency, but high EGR concentrations of 50% or more are required, thereby increasing pumping work and reducing volumetric efficiency. However, with early exhaust valve opening, the exhaust gas temperature can be much higher, allowing lower EGR flow rates, and enabling activation of the DOC for more effective oxidization of unburnt hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust. In this paper, a multi-cylinder engine system simulation of RCCI at low load operation with early exhaust valve opening is presented, along with consideration of the exhaust aftertreatment system. The combustion process is modeled using the 3D CFD code, KIVA, and the heat release rates obtained from this combustion are used in a GT-Power model of a turbocharged, multi-cylinder light-duty RCCI engine for a full system simulation. The post-turbine exhaust gas is fed into GT-Power’s aftertreatment model of the engine’s DOC to determine the catalyst response. It is confirmed that opening the exhaust valve earlier increases the exhaust gas temperature, and hence lower EGR flow rates are needed to improve combustion efficiency. It was also found that exhaust temperatures of around 457 K are required to light off the catalyst and oxidize the unburnt hydrocarbons and CO effectively. Performance of the DOC was drastically improved and higher amounts of unburnt hydrocarbons were oxidized by increasing the exhaust gas temperature.

Advanced GT’s Call for Advanced CC’s (OR: the 4 S’s)

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Jury ◽  
Hans K. Luthi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Outlay ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Four key parameters, the 4 S’s, determine the technoeconomical performance of the steam bottoming cycle to a given gasturbine: [S1], the temperature of the heat Source, [S2], the temperature of the heat Sink, [S3] cycle Structure and [S4] component Specifications. The first two are given by the gasturbine exhaust gas temperature (TEX) and ambient water/air temperatures respectively; the last two are designer’s choice but depend on economics: how much can you afford to pay for an extra kW? (parity factor or differential capital outlay). The paper analyses the effect of current trends in the first two S’s on the latter two: «S1», the higher TIT (turbine inlet temperature) of advanced GT’s generally leads to higher TEX, especially when coupled with Sequential Combustion; and [S2]«S2», the trend from fresh water cooling to cooling towers — and again from wet to dry types — due to environmental considerations and/or water shortages leads to higher condenser pressures. These trends change the economics of «S3», the structure (one-, two- or three-pressure, reheat, supercritical etc.); finally, macro-economical trends (fuel cost, cost of capital, more Independent Power Producers or IPP’s) determine «S4», equipment specifications (delta-T’s, delta-P’s, number of stages or exhaust flows etc.). In this written paper the authors report on their technoeconomical analysis; at the conference they will present hands-on solutions, optimized for ABB’s Type GT24 (60Hz, 165 MW) and GT26 (50 Hz, 240 MW) gasturbines. (Note that throughout the paper definite figures are only given for ABB gasturbines and steam turbines, as the authors cannot vouch for information published by other manufacturers or third parties).

Wpływ warunków środowiskowych i instalacyjnych na proces wymiany ciepła w wybranych przemysłowych gazomierzach miechowych

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 828-836
Author(s):  
Adrian Dudek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Exchange Process ◽  
The Relationship

Since 2016, Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute (INiG – PIB) has been conducting new research to determine the relationship between ambient temperature and gas temperature in industrial diaphragm gas meters during the measurement, and to develop new recommendations for billing systems using industrial diaphragm gas meters with a throughput of until 25 m3/h. In the first stage, work was carried out, in which the obtained test results confirmed that the heat exchange process in an industrial diaphragm gas meter depends on the ambient temperature, the gas temperature at the inlet to the gas meter, the flow rate of the gas flowing, as well as the casing surface and the gas volume of the gas meter. In the next stage, work was carried out to determine the relationship between ambient temperature and gas temperature at the industrial diaphragm gas meter connection during the measurement. The obtained results undermined the thesis, which indicated that the gas inlet temperature is equal to the gas temperature at the depth of the gas network. In the last stage, work was carried out to determine the course of changes in gas temperature in industrial diaphragm gas meters as a function of ambient temperature and cyclical changes of the gas flow rate, which were to reflect the work of gas meters installed at customers’ premises. The analysis of the obtained test results once again showed a strong dependence of the gas temperature inside industrial diaphragm gas meters on the ambient temperature, but also on the flow rate of gas. The obtained results of laboratory tests will be used to carry out a thermodynamic description of the heat exchange process in an industrial diaphragm gas meter, which would allow the determination of the gas billing temperature as a function of the ambient temperature, the temperature of the inflowing gas and the gas flow rate. The calculated gas temperature values could be used to determine the temperature correction factors applicable when settling gas consumers billed on the basis of measurement with the use of industrial diaphragm gas meters.

Performance of Small High Speed Cryogenic Pumps

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Kamijo ◽  
Kunio Hirata
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
High Head ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Liquid Rocket ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

Several small cryogenic pumps for a liquid rocket engine have been made and tested. These pumps have a small impeller and are characterized by high speed and high head. The main design characteristics of these pumps are as follows: stage specific speeds of from 0.0319 to 0.0766, flow rates from 0.016 to 0.0525 m3/s, pressure rises from 4.9 to 26 MPa, rotational speeds from 16,500 to 80,000 rpm, and impeller diameters from 0.083 to 0.146 m. These pumps, when tested, showed higher efficiency even in the range of small stage specific speeds than any previously reported data on other pumps. This tendency was particularly striking with the two-stage pumps. With regard to pump efficiency measurement, it was made clear that adiabatic efficiency was utilizable for the present cryogenic pumps. The relationship between the adiabatic efficiency and ordinary efficiency was also confirmed by a brief calculation and test results.

A Novel Air Purifier for Trace SO2 Removal and Simulation of the Purification Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
Dong Lai Xie ◽  
Jin Hui Luo
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Scale Usage

With the large-scale usage of coal and gasoline, China has been the most serious SO2-polluted country in the world. SO2 can cause respiratory and cardiovascular disease, which does great harm to human health. Therefore, developing an air purifier to absorb trace SO2 is very necessary. According to the mechanism of SO2 absorption with the alkaline solution, we developed an air purifier with an purification capacity of 80m3 -100m3 per hour. The purification effect with different gas flow rates, absorbing liquids and initial SO2 concentration was tested. Test results indicated that the purifier had a very good absorption of trace SO2 for indoor air. A SO2 purification model in confined space was established and the purification effect of the purifier was simulated with ANSYS FLUENT 14.0.

A Performance Evaluation of a Three Splitter Diffuser and Vaneless Diffuser Installed on the Power Turbine Exhaust of a TF40B Gas Turbine

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Harris ◽  
Ivan Piñeiro ◽  
Tom Norris
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Vaneless Diffuser ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

A field test was conducted on a three splitter diffuser and a vaneless diffuser (no splitters) to determine, the pressure recovery coefficient, effects on engine performance, exhaust collector temperature distribution, and exhaust gas noise. This paper presents the cause of the mechanical failure of the three splitter diffuser, basic diffuser design, field test instrumentation, and the test results. The test results found the vaneless diffuser had a higher pressure recovery, created a lower back pressure, and did not raise the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) nor fuel consumption of the engine, as compared to the three splitter diffuser.

Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel in Siemens Dry Low Emissions Combustors: Atmospheric and High Pressure Rig Testing

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Liu ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Eoghan R. Buchanan ◽  
Pete Martin ◽  
Victoria E. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Measured Probability ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Atmospheric and high pressure rig tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using biodiesel as an alternative fuel to power industrial gas turbines in one of the world’s leading dry low emissions (DLE) combustion systems, the SGT-100. At the same conditions, tests were also carried out for mineral diesel to provide reference information to evaluate biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In atmospheric pressure rig tests, the likelihood of the machine lighting was identified based on the measured probability of the ignition of a single combustor. Lean ignition and extinction limits at various air temperatures were also investigated with different air assist pressures. The ignition test results reveal that reliable ignition can be achieved with biodiesel across a range of air mass flow rates and air fuel ratios (AFRs). In high pressure rig tests, emissions and combustion dynamics were measured for various combustor air inlet pressures, temperatures, combustor wall pressure drops, and flame temperatures. These high pressure rig results show that biodiesel produced less NOx than mineral diesel. The test results indicate that the Siemens DLE combustion system can be adapted to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel without major modification.

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