Nonlinear Analysis of Pipe Bends Subjected to Out-of-Plane Moment Loading and Internal Pressure

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem M. Mourad ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

The behavior of a pipe bend, with bend factor h=0.1615(D=16 in.,R=24 in. and t=0.41 in.), subjected to out-of-plane bending and internal pressure is studied, taking geometric and material nonlinearity into account, using the finite element code ABAQUS. Material behavior is taken as elastic-perfectly plastic. The distribution of stress and strain along the axial direction and across the thickness of the bend is studied, with and without internal pressure, at the onset of yielding and at instability. Before instability is reached, through-the-thickness yielding appears at many points. The loaded end of the bend is found to be the most severely strained cross section. The circumferential distribution of stress and strain, and its variation with increased moment loading are then investigated for that section, at internal pressure values of zero and 1200 psi.

Effect of Shape Imperfections on Thin-Walled Pipe Bends under Out-Of-Plane Moment and Internal Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1050-1054
Author(s):  
A. Buckshumiyan ◽  
A.R. Veerappan ◽  
Subramaniam Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Collapse Load ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Thin Walled Pipe ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Thinning Effect

This paper quantifies the effect of ovality and thinning/thickening of thin-wall pipe bend modeled using the geometric parameters of r/t=15 and 20 and λ=0.1 to 0.3. For each model the ovality and thinning is varied from 5% to 20 % in steps of 5 % .The collapse loads were obtained from twice-elastic-slope method of pipe bends subjected to out-of-plane moment with and without internal pressure. Large displacement analysis was performed on elastic-perfectly plastic material using the nonlinear FE package of ABAQUS. The analyzed shows that the thinning effect is insignificant and ovality produce the significant effect of upto 27.7% decrease in collapse load for pipe bend subjected to combined moment and internal pressure.

Shakedown Limit Load Determination for a Kinematically Hardening 90-Degree Pipe Bend Subjected to Constant Internal Pressure and Cyclic Bending

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany F. Abdalla ◽  
Mohammad M. Megahed ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Cyclic Bending ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Shakedown Limit

A simplified technique for determining the shakedown limit load of a structure employing an elastic-perfectly-plastic material behavior was previously developed and successfully applied to a long radius 90-degree pipe bend. The pipe bend is subjected to constant internal pressure and cyclic bending. The cyclic bending includes three different loading patterns namely; in-plane closing, in-plane opening, and out-of-plane bending moment loadings. The simplified technique utilizes the finite element method and employs small displacement formulation to determine the shakedown limit load without performing lengthy time consuming full cyclic loading finite element simulations or conventional iterative elastic techniques. In the present paper, the simplified technique is further modified to handle structures employing elastic-plastic material behavior following the kinematic hardening rule. The shakedown limit load is determined through the calculation of residual stresses developed within the pipe bend structure accounting for the back stresses, determined from the kinematic hardening shift tensor, responsible for the translation of the yield surface. The outcomes of the simplified technique showed very good correlation with the results of full elastic-plastic cyclic loading finite element simulations. The shakedown limit moments output by the simplified technique are used to generate shakedown diagrams of the pipe bend for a spectrum of constant internal pressure magnitudes. The generated shakedown diagrams are compared with the ones previously generated employing an elastic-perfectly-plastic material behavior. These indicated conservative shakedown limit moments compared to the ones employing the kinematic hardening rule.

The Effect of Modeling Parameters on the Predicted Limit Loads for Pipe Bends Subjected to Out-of-Plane Moment Loading and Internal Pressure

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem M. Mourad ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Hardening Material ◽  
Limit Loads ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Out Of Plane

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of modeling parameters on the determination of limit loads for standalone pipe bends, subjected to an out-of-plane end moment and internal pressure. A pipe bend, with bend factor h=0.1615, is modeled and analyzed using the nonlinear finite element code ABAQUS. Small and large-displacement analyses are performed with elastic-perfectly plastic and strain-hardening material models. Small-displacement analyses fail to predict the stiffening effect of pressure and give a continuously decaying limit load with increased pressure. Material strain hardening gives a higher limit load than perfectly plastic materials. In the large-displacement analysis with a strain-hardening material, the limit moment levels off as the pressure increases, and does not decrease as in the case of a perfectly plastic material. [S0094-9930(00)00804-0]

Limit-Load Analysis of Pipe Bends Under Out-of-Plane Moment Loading and Internal Pressure

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem M. Mourad ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction

The purpose of this work is to study the load-carrying capacity of pipe bends, with different pipe bend factor h values, under out-of-plane moment loading; and to investigate the effect of internal pressure on the limit moments in this loading mode. The finite element method is used to model and analyze a standalone, long-radius pipe bend with a 16-in. nominal diameter, and a 24-in. bend radius. A parametric study is performed in which the bend factor takes ten different values between 0.0632 and 0.4417. Internal pressure is incremented by 100 psi for each model, until the limit pressure of the model is reached. The limit moments were found to increase when the internal pressure is incremented. However, beyond a certain value of pressure, the effect of pressure is reversed due to the additional stresses it engenders. Expectedly, increasing the bend factor leads to an increase in the value of the limit loads. The results are compared to those, available in the literature, of a similar analysis that treats the in-plane loading mode. Pipe bends are found to have the lowest load-carrying capacity when loaded in their own plane, in the closing direction. They can sustain slightly higher loads when loaded in the out-of-plane direction, and considerably higher loads under in-plane bending in the opening direction.

scholarly journals Effect of Ovality in Inlet Pigtail Pipe Bends Under Combined Internal Pressure and In-Plane Bending for Ni-Fe-Cr B407 Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1881-1887
Author(s):  
P. Ramaswami ◽  
P. Senthil Velmurugan ◽  
R. Rajasekar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Outer Radius ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Plane Bending

Abstract The present paper makes an attempt to depict the effect of ovality in the inlet pigtail pipe bend of a reformer under combined internal pressure and in-plane bending. Finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments have been used. An incoloy Ni-Fe-Cr B407 alloy material was considered for study and assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic in behavior. The design of pipe bend is based on ASME B31.3 standard and during manufacturing process, it is challenging to avoid thickening on the inner radius and thinning on the outer radius of pipe bend. This geometrical shape imperfection is known as ovality and its effect needs investigation which is considered for the study. The finite element analysis (ANSYS-workbench) results showed that ovality affects the load carrying capacity of the pipe bend and it was varying with bend factor (h). By data fitting of finite element results, an empirical formula for the limit load of inlet pigtail pipe bend with ovality has been proposed, which is validated by experiments.

Shakedown Limits of a 90-Degree Pipe Bend Using Small and Large Displacement Formulations

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany F. Abdalla ◽  
Mohammad M. Megahed ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Loading Patterns ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Shakedown Limit

In this paper the shakedown limit load is determined for a long radius 90-degree pipe bend using two different techniques. The first technique is a simplified technique which utilizes small displacement formulation and elastic-perfectly-plastic material model. The second technique is an iterative based technique which uses the same elastic-perfectly-plastic material model, but incorporates large displacement effects accounting for geometric non-linearity. Both techniques use the finite element method for analysis. The pipe bend is subjected to constant internal pressure magnitudes and cyclic bending moments. The cyclic bending loading includes three different loading patterns namely; in-plane closing, in-plane opening, and out-of-plane bending. The simplified technique determines the shakedown limit load (moment) without the need to perform full cyclic loading simulations or conventional iterative elastic techniques. Instead, the shakedown limit moment is determined by performing two analyses namely; an elastic analysis and an elastic-plastic analysis. By extracting the results of the two analyses, the shakedown limit moment is determined through the calculation of the residual stresses developed in the pipe bend. The iterative large displacement technique determines the shakedown limit moment in an iterative manner by performing a series of full elastic-plastic cyclic loading simulations. The shakedown limit moment output by the simplified technique (small displacement) is used by the iterative large displacement technique as an initial iterative value. The iterations proceed until an applied moment guarantees a structure developed residual stress, at load removal, equals or slightly less than the material yield strength. The shakedown limit moments output by both techniques are used to generate shakedown diagrams of the pipe bend for a spectrum of constant internal pressure magnitudes for the three loading patterns stated earlier. The maximum moment carrying capacity (limit moment) the pipe bend can withstand and the elastic limit are also determined and imposed on the shakedown diagram of the pipe bend. Comparison between the shakedown diagrams generated by the two techniques, for the three loading patterns, is presented.

Effect of Load Angle on Limit Load of Polyethylene Miter Pipe Bends

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek M. A. A. EL-Bagory ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan ◽  
Hossam E. M. Sallam ◽  
Lotfi A. Abdel-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Crack Depth ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Combined Load ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Load Angle

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect crack depth a/W = 0 to 0.4 and load angle (30°,45°,and 60°) on the limit load of miter pipe bends (MPB) under out-of-plane bending moment with a crosshead speed 500 mm/min. The geometry of cracked and uncracked multi miter pipe bends are: bend angle, α = 90°, pipe bend factor, h = 0.844, standard dimension ratio, SDR = 11, and three junctions, m = 3. The material of the investigated pipe is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is applied in natural gas piping systems. Butt-fusion welding is used to produce the welds in the miter pipe bends. An artificial crack is produced by a special cracking device. The crack is located at the crown side of the miter pipe bend, such that the crack is collinear with the direction of the applied load. The crack depth ratio, a/W = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 for out-of-plane bending moment “i.e. loading angle φ = 0°”. For each out-of-plane bending moment and all closing and opening load angles the limit load is obtained by the tangent intersection method (TI) from the load deflection curves produced by the specially designed and constructed testing machine at the laboratory. For each out-of-plane bending moment case, the experimental results reveals that increasing crack depth leads to a decrease in the stiffness and limit load of MPB. In case of combined load (out-of-plane and in-plane opening; mode) higher load angles lead to an increase in the limit load. The highest limit load value appears at a loading angle equal, φ = 60°. In case of combined load (out-of-plane and in-plane closing; mode) the limit load decreases upon increasing the load angle. On the other hand, higher limit load values take place at a specific loading angle equal φ = 30°. For combined load opening case; higher values of limit load are obtained. Contrarily, lower values are obtained in the closing case.

scholarly journals Plastic collapse load analysis for circumferential cracked cylinder under pure torsion

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Sutham Arun ◽  
Thongchai Fongsamootr
Keyword(s):  
Limit Load ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Plastic Collapse ◽  
Collapse Load ◽  
Pure Torsion ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Torsion Moment ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
Cracked Cylinder

This paper aims to analyze the plastic collapse moment of circumferential cracked cylinder under pure torsion using the NSC approach and 3D FE model. The material considered in this work is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic. The influences of geometric parameters of crack and cylinder, such as Rm/t, a/t and θ/π on solution of plastic collapse load are also investigated. The analysis shows that for the case of a/t < 0.75, the values of limit torsion moment can be estimated by NSC analysis which provides conservative results. However, for the case of deeper crack, a/t ≥ 0.75, the limit load solution predicted by NSC approach may not be safe, because the distribution of stress at yielding state does not correspond to the NSC assumption. Therefore, the approximated solution of collapse torsion moment for the case of deeper crack with a/t ≥ 0.75 is proposed based on FE analysis.

Stress and flexibility factors for multi-mitred pipe bends subjected to internal pressure combined with external loadings

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Bond ◽  
R Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Stress Patterns

The stress analysis of a multi-mitred pipe bend when subjected to an internal pressure and a simultaneous in-plane or out-of-plane bending load has been developed. Stress patterns and flexibility factors calculated by this analysis are compared with experimental results from a large-diameter, thin-walled, three-weld, 90° multi-mitred bend which was subjected to in-plane bending tests at various internal pressures.

Effect of Load Angle on Limit Load of Polyethylene Miter Pipe Bends1

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek M. A. A. EL-Bagory ◽  
Maher Y. A. Younan ◽  
Hossam E. M. Sallam ◽  
Lotfi A. Abdel-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Crack Depth ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Combined Load ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Load Angle

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of crack depth a/W = 0–0.4 and load angle (30 deg, 45 deg, and 60 deg) on the limit load of miter pipe bends (MPB) under out-of-plane bending moment with a crosshead speed 500 mm/min. The geometry of cracked and un-cracked multi miter pipe bends are: bend angle, α = 90 deg, pipe bend factor, h = 0.844, standard dimension ratio, SDR = 11, and three junctions, m = 3. The material of the investigated pipe is a high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is applied in natural gas piping systems. Butt-fusion welding is used to produce the welds in the miter pipe bends. An artificial crack is produced by a special cracking device. The crack is located at the crown side of the miter pipe bend, such that the crack is collinear with the direction of the applied load. The crack depth ratio, a/W = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 for out-of-plane bending moment “i.e., loading angle ϕ = 0 deg”. For each out-of-plane bending moment and all closing and opening load angles the limit load is obtained by the tangent intersection method (TI) from the load deflection curves produced by the specially designed and constructed testing machine at the laboratory (Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mataria, Helwan University, Cairo/Egypt). For each out-of-plane bending moment case, the experimental results reveals that increasing crack depth leads to a decrease in the stiffness and limit load of MPB. In case of combined load (out-of-plane and in-plane opening; mode) higher load angles lead to an increase in the limit load. The highest limit load value appears at a loading angle equal, ϕ = 60 deg. In case of combined load (out-of-plane and in-plane closing; mode) the limit load decreases upon increasing the load angle. On the other hand, higher limit load values appear at a specific loading angle equal ϕ = 30 deg. For combined load opening case; higher values of limit load are obtained. Contrarily, lower values are obtained in the closing case.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document