Tensile Strengths for Laser-Fabricated Parts and Similarity Parameters for Rapid Manufacturing

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Josef Kahlen ◽  
Aravinda Kar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Ss 304

This paper presents a set of process parameter selection rules to deposit a good metal part. A CO2 laser is used to melt metal powder to achieve layer by layer deposition for fabricating three-dimensional parts. Dimensionless numbers characterizing this powder deposition process are identified using Buckingham’s Π-Theorem. These dimensionless numbers are used to identify a range of values for the process parameters, such as the laser power, spot diameter, speed of the xyz stage and powder flow rate, to achieve good quality layers for different materials. The yield and ultimate strengths are examined for parts fabricated with stainless steel 304 (SS 304) powder under three different processing conditions. These stresses are correlated to the operating conditions and physical dimensions of the deposit through the dimensionless similarity parameters. Experimental data indicate that the yield strength of the part is close to the value of standard sample (250 MPa, same as wrought stainless steel SS304). It is also observed that the direction of maximum yield strength is oriented very close to the dominant direction of material solidification. The ultimate strength is found to be considerably less than the ultimate strength of wrought SS 304 (540 MPa) which may be due to the residual stresses generated in the part.

Some Considerations Regarding Micro Hardness of Parts Manufactured from 316-L Steel Using SLM Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Răzvan Buican ◽  
Gheorghe Oancea ◽  
Camil Lancea ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Metallic Parts

In this paper is investigated the effect of building parts with different layer sizes using an additive manufacturing technique, from the statistical point of view. The paper is focused on the differences that appear at the stainless steel parts when the building layer is increased, this being done on the SLM 250 HL machine. This machine uses a fiber laser to melt fine powder on a layer-by-layer basis to create three-dimensional metallic parts from CAD files. The samples were constructed using two different layer thicknesses and then reprocess so that a micro hardness test could be employed. The micro hardness’s are compared using statistical methods. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the outcome influences the manufacturing strategy that it is chosen.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Stainless Steel Parts

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrain Carreño-Morelli ◽  
Sebastien Martinerie ◽  
Lisa Mucks ◽  
B. Cardis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Selective Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Metal Polymer

Stainless steel parts have been manufactured by two different layer by layer additive processes. The first one is a standard three dimensional process, in which metal powders are bound by selective deposition of binder with a printer head. The second one is a novel process, which is based on the selective deposition of a solvent on metal-polymer granule beds. The microstructures of green and sintered parts are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties evaluated by hardness and tensile tests. Solvent on granule printing allows to reach mechanical properties similar to those of metal injection moulding parts.

scholarly journals ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA RANCANGAN STEAM CONDENSATION TANK BERBASIS SIMULASI SOFTWARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Dedy Haryanto ◽  
Ainur Rosidi ◽  
Giarno Giarno ◽  
G. Bambang Heru K. ◽  
Susyadi Susyadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Helical Coil ◽  
Steam Condensation ◽  
Translational Displacement ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Strength Material ◽  
Ss 304

Steam condensation tank merupakan salah satu komponen pada fasilitas Passive Helical Coil Condensation System (PaHCCS) pada PASCONEL yang berfungsi sebagai kondensor uap bertekanan. Steam condensation tank didesain menggunakan tube stainless steel 304 (SS 304) dengan diameter luar 600 mm dan ketebalan 9,53 mm serta ketinggian total 2970,8 mm. Steam condensation tank dioperasikan pada tekanan 20 bar, temperatur diatas 100°C dan dilengkapi dengan helical coil tube sebagai pengambil kalor pada uap bertekanan. Simulasi unjuk kerja rancangan steam condensation tank ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keselamatan dan keamanan saat dioperasikan. Analisis unjuk kerja dilakukan menggunakan software CATIA, dimana pemodelan 3-dimensi rancangan steam condensation tank dioperasikan secara simulasi dengan 1,5 kali dari tekanan dan temperatur operasional. Hasil analisis kekuatan mekanik mendapatkan tegangan mekanik terbesar sebesar 9,57 x 107 N/m2 pada bagian tengah shell rancangan steam condensor tank. Tegangan mekanik tersebut tidak berdampak pada rancangan steam condensor tank berbahan SS 304 karena besar tegangan mekanik yang terjadi lebih kecil daripada yield strength material SS 304 yaitu sebesar 1,73 x 108 N/m2 dan masih berada didaerah elastisnya . Translational displacement maksimal yang terjadi pada rancangan steam condensor tank sebesar 6,2 mm adalah sangat kecil dan 1/500 dari ukuran total panjang rancangan steam condensor tank. Dengan demikian rancangan steam condensor tank aman untuk digunakan sebagai sarana penelitian.Kata kunci: Steam Condensation Tank, PASCONEL, tegangan mekanik, translational displacement

Life Management of Reactor Coolant Piping — Probabilistic Calibration of Partial Safety Factors in Flaw Acceptance Criteria: Application to Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Components

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Barthelet ◽  
Christian Franco ◽  
Georges Bezdikian ◽  
Patrick Le Delliou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Reactor Coolant ◽  
Partial Safety Factors

The RSE-M Code provides rules and requirements for in-service inspection of the components of the French PWR power plant. The Code gives non mandatory guidance for analytical evaluation of flaws, comprising fracture mechanics analyses based on engineering methods, flaw acceptance criteria and codification of material characteristics. Based on a probabilistic calibration methodology, partial safety factors on the main random variables involved in flaw assessments (loading, crack size, yield strength and material toughness) are given in Appendix 5.5 of the Code for each category of operating conditions (A, C or D) and for the possible failure modes (ductile tearing or brittle fracture). These partial safety factors should be used with the material characteristics specified in Appendix 5.6 of the Code, to insure the consistency of the methodology. The criteria of the RSE-M Code have been implemented for the acceptance of generic flaws in cast duplex stainless steel elbows of the Reactor Coolant System. Statistical analyses of the mechanical properties of the base-metal have been carried out to get their characteristic values consistent with the Code criteria: • tensile properties comprising yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and non dimensional reference true stress - true strain curves taking into account thermal ageing, • value of the J-integral in the ductile regime at the onset of crack extension (J0.2 after 0.2 mm of crack extension), J-Δa curves in the ductile regime taking into account thermal ageing in the hot leg conditions, • fatigue crack growth rates. The results show that the aged cast duplex stainless steel elbows satisfy the Code criteria for each category of operating conditions.

Regularities and properties of instrumented indentation diagrams obtained by ball-shaped indenter

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. M. Matyunin ◽  
A. Yu. Marchenkov ◽  
N. Abusaif ◽  
P. V. Volkov ◽  
D. A. Zhgut
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Elastoplastic Deformation ◽  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
Indentation Methods ◽  
Special Points

The history of appearance and the current state of instrumented indentation are briefly described. It is noted that the materials instrumented indentation methods using a pyramid and ball indenters are actively developing and are currently regulated by several Russian and international standards. These standards provide formulas for calculating the Young’s modulus and hardness at maximum indentation load. Instrumented indentation diagrams «load F – displacement α» of a ball indenter for metallic materials were investigated. The special points on the instrumented indentation diagrams «F – α» loading curves in the area of elastic into elastoplastic deformation transition, and in the area of stable elastoplastic deformation are revealed. A loading curve area with the load above which the dF/dα begins to decrease is analyzed. A technique is proposed for converting «F – α» diagrams to «unrestored Brinell hardness HBt – relative unrestored indent depth t/R» diagrams. The elastic and elastoplastic areas of «HBt – t/R» diagrams are described by equations obtained analytically and experimentally. The materials strain hardening parameters during ball indentation in the area of elastoplastic and plastic deformation are proposed. The similarity of «HBt – t/R» indentation diagram with the «stress σ – strain δ» tensile diagrams containing common zones and points is shown. Methods have been developed for determining hardness at the elastic limit, hardness at the yield strength, and hardness at the ultimate strength by instrumented indentation with the equations for their calculation. Experiments on structural materials with different mechanical properties were carried out by instrumented indentation. The values of hardness at the elastic limit, hardness at the yield strength and hardness at the ultimate strength are determined. It is concluded that the correlations between the elastic limit and hardness at the elastic limit, yield strength and hardness at the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness at the ultimate strength is more justified, since the listed mechanical characteristics are determined by the common special points of indentation diagrams and tensile tests diagrams.

ARMCO NITRONIC 50 STAINLESS STEEL

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Ss 304

Abstract ARMCO NITRONIC 50 STAINLESS STEEL provides a combination of corrosion resistance and strength not found in any other commercial material available in its price range. It has good mechanical properties at both elevated and sub-zero temperatures. It does not become magnetic when cold worked. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-304. Producer or source: Baltimore Specialty Steels Corporation. Originally published as Nitronic 50, January 1975, revised April 1990.

REMANIT 4306

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Remanit 4306 is a low-carbon chromium nickel austenitic stainless steel that is superior in corrosion resistance to type 302 (see Alloy Digest SS-99, revised September 1998). Due to its low carbon content, Remanit 4306 is intergranular corrosion resistant under continuous operating conditions up to 350 C (652 F). This grade is particular suitable for high degrees of cold working and for sequential drawing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-679. Producer or source: Thyssen Stahl AG.

Viability of turbine blade material with a long service life

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. B. Berdnik ◽  
I. N. Tsareva ◽  
M. K. Chegurov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Plasticity Coefficient

This article deals with structural features and characteristic changes that affect the mechanical characteristics after different service life in real conditions using the example of the blades of the 4th stage of turbine GTE-45-3 with an operating time of 13,000 to 100,000 hours. To study the change in the state of the material under different operating conditions, determine the degree of influence of heat treatment on the regeneration of the microstructure, and restore the mechanical characteristics of the alloy after different periods of operation, non-standard methods were used: relaxation tests on miniature samples to determine the physical yield strength and microplasticity limit and quantitative evaluation of the plasticity coefficient of the material from experimental values of hardness, which allow us to identify the changes occurring in the microvolumes of the material and predict the performance of the product as a whole.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rodriguez ◽  
Samantha Ruelas ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Forien ◽  
Nikola Dudukovic ◽  
Josh DeOtte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Silicone Elastomers ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Octet Truss ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

Recent advances in additive manufacturing, specifically direct ink writing (DIW) and ink-jetting, have enabled the production of elastomeric silicone parts with deterministic control over the structure, shape, and mechanical properties. These new technologies offer rapid prototyping advantages and find applications in various fields, including biomedical devices, prosthetics, metamaterials, and soft robotics. Stereolithography (SLA) is a complementary approach with the ability to print with finer features and potentially higher throughput. However, all high-performance silicone elastomers are composites of polysiloxane networks reinforced with particulate filler, and consequently, silicone resins tend to have high viscosities (gel- or paste-like), which complicates or completely inhibits the layer-by-layer recoating process central to most SLA technologies. Herein, the design and build of a digital light projection SLA printer suitable for handling high-viscosity resins is demonstrated. Further, a series of UV-curable silicone resins with thiol-ene crosslinking and reinforced by a combination of fumed silica and MQ resins are also described. The resulting silicone elastomers are shown to have tunable mechanical properties, with 100–350% elongation and ultimate tensile strength from 1 to 2.5 MPa. Three-dimensional printed features of 0.4 mm were achieved, and complexity is demonstrated by octet-truss lattices that display negative stiffness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document