Failure Analysis of Coil Racks in a Batch Annealing Furnace Using Finite Element Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua You ◽  
Xinyu Zhu ◽  
Nicholas Walla ◽  
Matthew Liddick ◽  
Chenn Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Annealing Furnace ◽  
Batch Annealing

Failure Analysis of Coil Racks in a Batch Annealing Furnace Using Finite Element Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Walla ◽  
Hua You ◽  
Xinyu Zhu ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou ◽  
Matthew Liddick
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Annealing Furnace ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Lifting Force ◽  
Batch Annealing ◽  
Steel Coils ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Uneven Heating

Abstract In this work, a series of finite element method simulations were performed on cooling racks used for the loading and unloading of steel coils in a batch annealing furnace. Normal furnace operations were simulated using ANSYS Thermal FEA and ANSYS Mechanical FEA to reproduce the thermal and structural loads experienced by the racks, as well as additional lifting forces representing removal by forklift after annealing. In addition to warping found due to uneven heating from the radiative elements of the furnace, severe stress leading to failure was identified on the base of the racks from the lifting force. These results correspond with failures seen in the actual units. The simulation data was used for design adjustments to reduce the damage from the above sources.

Equilibrium Profile of Modern Belted Radial Ply Tires: Its Determination and Performance Benefits

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Rudolf F. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Beneficial Property

ABSTRACT The benefits of a tire's equilibrium profile have been suggested by several authors in the published literature, and mathematical procedures were developed that represented well the behavior of bias ply tires. However, for modern belted radial ply tires, and particularly those with a lower aspect ratio, the tire constructions are much more complicated and pose new problems for a mathematical analysis. Solutions to these problems are presented in this paper, and for a modern radial touring tire the equilibrium profile was calculated together with the mold profile to produce such tires. Some construction modifications were then applied to these tires to render their profiles “nonequilibrium.” Finite element methods were used to analyze for stress concentrations and deformations within all tires that did or did not conform to equilibrium profiles. Finally, tires were built and tested to verify the predictions of these analyses. From the analysis of internal stresses and deformations on inflation and loading and from the actual tire tests, the superior durability of tires with an equilibrium profile was established, and hence it is concluded that an equilibrium profile is a beneficial property of modern belted radial ply tires.

Finite element methods for internal flow calculations

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. HABASHI ◽  
M. HAFEZ ◽  
P. KOTIUGA
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Internal Flow
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