scholarly journals Combined Hazard Analyses to Explore the Impact of Liquid Hydrogen Fuel on the Civil Aviation Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Benson ◽  
Paul Holborn ◽  
James Ingram ◽  
Andrew Rolt
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Combined Hazard Analyses to Explore the Impact of Liquid Hydrogen Fuel on the Civil Aviation Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Benson ◽  
P. G. Holborn ◽  
A. M. Rolt ◽  
J. M. Ingram ◽  
E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Cryogenic Liquid ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Interest in green technology in aviation is increasing. To address environmental issues, novel fuels such as cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) are being explored, however there are safety concerns. This work combines safety studies to explore LH2 fuel safety for civil aviation. Preliminary hazard analyses (PHAs) (utilizing over 70 standards and guides) have been performed identifying possible LH2 hazards on-board aircraft. A PHA has also been produced, with industry stakeholder involvement, to understand the major concerns for LH2 use at airports. Gaps in fundamental knowledge and LH2 technology have been identified, and two of these explored. Firstly, work has been started to understand the fundamental flammability of hydrogen in altitude conditions. Secondly, FLACS CFD modelling has been used to simulate large-scale LH2 pool releases to examine behavior and predict pool size, downwind flammable regions, and flammable mass clouds formed for different environmental conditions and release scenarios. This has identified significant effects of wind speed on buoyancy and flammable cloud travel which must be taken into account of any hydrogen fuel facility design. This work (part of the EC funded ENABLEH2 project) is some of the first in over a decade to re-examine the safety of hydrogen propulsion in aircraft. This process has identified wide-ranging issues that must be addressed before hydrogen propulsion can be introduced in civil aviation.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Impact of National Standardization on Duopolistic Competition in the Civil Aircraft Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-873
Author(s):  
E. V. Varyukhina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Klochkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze standards as one of the main tools of protectionism in global markets of industrial goods. We use standards for modeling of market competition and adapt this approach for civil aviation markets. The role of local noise standards in civil aircraft markets is discussed. Imposition of more stringent aviation noise standards is modelled in the form of a two-person non-zero-sum game. Players are aircraft corporations that conduct research and development to reduce noise and lobby for stricter regulations in their controlled markets. The model can be used to predict that tighter aviation noise standards will be imposed and to justify the strategy of Russian aviation industry and science. The proposed approach can be adapted for other industries with strict regulations (in terms of safety, ecology). Such estimation allows us to assess whether it is in the country’s interests to participate in the standards race or not. It is shown that the equilibrium degree of standards tightening is higher if the players’ market shares are close to equal or individual players have advantages in the cost of production and/or product improvement is highly likely due to the company’s R&D progress.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Civil Aviation Industry Safety Needs for the Introduction of Liquid Hydrogen Propulsion Technology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Benson ◽  
J. M. Ingram ◽  
P. N. Battersby ◽  
D. Mba ◽  
V. Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Aviation Industry

Abstract Over the next few decades air travel is predicted to grow, with international agencies, manufacturers and governments predicting a considerable increase in aviation use. However, based on current fuel type, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) project emissions from aviation are estimated to be seven to ten times higher in 2050 than in 1990. These conflicting needs are problematic and have led to the EU Flightpath 2050 targeting dramatic emissions reductions for the sector (75% CO2, 90% NOX by 2050). One proposed solution, decreasing carbon emissions without stunting the increase in air travel, is hydrogen propulsion; a technology with clear environmental benefits. However, enabling the safe application of this fuel to aviation systems and industrial infrastructure would be a significant challenge. High-profile catastrophic incidents involving hydrogen, and the flammable and cryogenic nature of liquid hydrogen (LH2) have led to its reputation as a more dangerous substance than existing or alternative fuels. But, where they are used (in industry, transport, energy), with sufficient protocols, hydrogen can have a similar level of safety to other fuels. A knowledge of hazards, risks and the management of these becomes key to the integration of any new technology. Using assessments, and a gap analysis approach, this paper examines the civil aviation industry requirements, from a safety perspective, for the introduction of LH2 fuel use. Specific proposed technology assessments are used to analyze incident likelihood, consequence impact, and ease of remediation for hazards in LH2 systems, and a gap analysis approach is utilized to identify if existing data is sufficient for reliable technology safety assessment. Outstanding industry needs are exposed by both examining challenges that have been identified in transport and industrial areas, and by identifying the gaps in current knowledge that are preventing credible assessment, reliable comparison to other fuels and the development of engineering systems. This paper demonstrates that while hydrogen can be a safe and environmentally friendly fuel option, a significant amount of work is required for the implementation of LH2 technology from a mass market perspective.

scholarly journals STRUCTURING THE FUNCTION OF THE QUALITY OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS UNDER THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC TRENDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Александра Винниченко ◽  
Alexandra Vinnichenko ◽  
Станислав Назаревич ◽  
Stanislav Nazarevich
Keyword(s):  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Dependency Matrix ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Complex Technical System ◽  
Consumer Voice ◽  
The Impact

To date, the macroeconomic trends of the aviation industry, affect not only consumer demand, but also the development of business and government. The article reviewed the main aspects of the impact of macroeconomic trends on the market of modern civil aviation equipment. Taking into account modern macroeconomic trends, to maintain competitiveness in the civil aviation market, the possibility of structuring the quality function of a complex technical system was described, using elements of one of the home quality techniques that identify consumer requirements and provide some order ensuring that these requirements determine the development of products and production process planning. Taking into account the opinions of various consumer groups, a consumer voice matrix was formed, the relative importance of which is based on a value scale of 100 units. By translating consumer requirements into technical characteristics, pairwise comparison of consumer requirements of the main participants in the civil aviation market segment formulated a dependency matrix. And also correlated is the matrix of interrelations between quality characteristics, which made it possible to assess the degree of possible modernization of the object under study and increase the demand in the market for civil aviation technology, setting a new trend to macroeconomic indicators.

Potential of reducing the environmental impact of aviation by using hydrogen Part III: Optimum cruising altitude and airport implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (1110) ◽  
pp. 553-565
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Airport Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe main objective of the paper is to evaluate the potential of reducing the environmental impact of civil subsonic aviation by using hydrogen fuel. The paper is divided into three parts of which this is Part III. In Part I the background, prospects and challenges of introducing an alternative fuel in aviation were outlined. The aero engine design when using hydrogen was covered in Part II. In this paper, Part III, the subjects of optimum cruising altitude and airport implications of introducing liquid hydrogen-fuelled aircraft are raised.For minimum global warming, the results of a preliminary analysis associated with large uncertainties suggest that cryoplanes should cruise at an altitude of about 2-3km below where conventional aircraft cruise today. Ignoring the cost implications, from an airport infrastructure point of view, it seems feasible to change to hydrogen use. With respect to the availability of energy, it would be reasonable to change from kerosene to liquid hydrogen as fuel for all civil aviation refuelling in Sweden.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on airline industry and strategic plan for its recovery with special reference to data analytics technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 033-046
Author(s):  
Rajee Olaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Airline Recovery ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the status quo of the airline industry around the world facing the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The purpose of the first part of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on global air traffic, airline revenues by region of operation, number of international passengers by region, and the number of domestic passenger traffic by route group. The data for this study was collected from January 2019 to December 2020 from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) database. The research strategy of the second part of this study is based on PEST analysis which is applied to evaluate the current situation of the airline industry. Based on the findings, this paper suggests strategies and recommendations for the airline industry to adapt to the pandemic situation based on technology aspects more specifically related to data analytics with a multi-step approach for COVID-19 Airline Recovery Plan. The results and recommendations of this research study will provide valuable information to the aviation industry for its preparedness for the Post-COVID-19 era.

The Impact of Volcanic Ash on the Safety of Aviation Industry-Review of China’s Current Situation

2020 ◽  
pp. SP510-2020-136
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Liang ◽  
Jiandong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Operational Process ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBy synthesizing relevant research findings from China and other countries, this paper discusses the distribution and eruption types of volcanoes in China. An analysis of the spreading characteristics of volcanic ash possibly caused by volcanic eruptions such as those from Changbaishan is presented, and the impact of volcanic ash on aviation flight safety, as well as several key methods of monitoring volcanic ash are discussed. This paper also outlines the operational process of China's aviation industry in addressing volcanic ash and compares and analyses the handling of volcanic ash by civil aviation industries globally. Further, ways of dealing with volcanic ash are then suggested for China's aviation industry.

scholarly journals Loss to Aviation Economy Due to Winter Fog in New Delhi during the Winter of 2011–2016

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Kulkarni ◽  
Rajendra K. Jenamani ◽  
Prakash Pithani ◽  
Mahen Konwar ◽  
Narendra Nigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Dense Fog ◽  
The Impact

Stable and clear atmospheric conditions, lower surface temperatures, an ample moisture supply, and a strong low-level inversion persisting for most of the night usually facilitates the formation of dense fog during winter in Delhi. This severely hinders the flight operations at India’s busiest airport, the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport, where more than 900 flight operations occur per day and an interruption can cause significant financial losses to the aviation industry. It is important to undertake a quantitative study of the estimated losses. This study, undertaken for the first time in India, aimed to evaluate the impact of dense fog at IGI Airport on economic losses which occurred during the winter season between 2011 and 2016. The breakdown of charges for different segments of flight operations for the domestic and international sectors was obtained from India’s Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Center for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) India. A total of 653 h of dense fog between 2011 and 2016 at IGI Airport caused economic losses of approximately 3.9 million USD (248 million Indian rupees) to the airlines. The analysis further found that from 2014–2015 onwards, there has been a reduction in the number of flight delays, diversions, and cancellations by approximately 88%, 55%, and 36%, respectively, due to the strict implementation of guidelines to facilitate the Category (CAT)-III landing for aircraft during dense fog.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AIRLINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Oleshko ◽  
Nataliia Popyk ◽  
Yana Osypova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Risks are an integral part of any company. Not all types of risk can be identified, not all risk mitigation measures are cost-effective. Risk and the cost of avoiding it in aviation require rational decision-making mechanisms. There are many different risks in any airline as an aircraft operator, carrier and business entity. One of the main tasks of airlines is to minimize them. The article examines the risks that arise in the process of airlines and analyzes the risk management system in airlines. The impact of the pandemic on the aviation industry of Ukraine has been studied. The aviation industry both in Ukraine and in the world plays an important role, its importance in the world economy is constantly growing. This is facilitated by both technological development and the latest developments in the aviation industry, as well as globalization. However, at the same time, the number of risks is increasing, they are becoming more complex and diverse. Therefore, the task of risk management is relevant. Today, the risk management system of any airline is an urgent need, because the competitiveness and success of the airline is inextricably linked to risks. The activities of modern commercial enterprises, including civil aviation enterprises, are aimed at the formation of sustainable competitiveness and long-term survival. There are hundreds of airlines in the world, including 55 in Ukraine. Today, civil aviation in the world is in crisis. Ukrainian aviation is no exception. The closure of state borders and other measures taken in many countries to combat the spread of the coronavirus have led to a catastrophic reduction in air traffic. As a result, airlines were forced to reduce the frequency or cancel the vast majority of flights. All participants in the aviation market suffer from this situation. The development of a risk management system in the airline should be an integral part of its targeted management. The structure of risks faced by the airline is very complex and diverse. Risk is the residual probability of an event with significant consequences after considering mitigation measures.

The impact of variable hazard rates on in-service reliability

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
I J Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses various models to assess the impact of variable hazard rates. It shows that the best interests of safety, operational effectiveness and cost are met by the identification and elimination of early failure subgroups, regardless of their apparently benign mean times to failure. It supports the observation that hazard rates that increase with usage reflect a design feature, while those that decrease with usage are associated with quality shortfalls. A high-level model is then introduced that identifies priorities for detailed analysis. It then recommends a more vigorous approach to demonstrating that certification requirements are being met and upheld in the civil aviation industry. This would require a more formal analysis of the current mandatory records of maintenance actions and operations. Although this paper has been written principally around civil aviation, the analytical techniques are equally valid to other applications.

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