scholarly journals Breedon Hill, Leicestershire: new surveys and their implications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Whittaker

This article presents the results of a non-intrusive investigation conducted at the scheduled multi-period site at Breedon Hill, Leicestershire. The hilltop is the site of a univallate hillfort believed to date to the Early-Middle Iron Age. From the 7th century AD, a minster church was founded within the hillfort enclosure, which became the site of an Augustinian Priory in the 12th century. Today approximately two-thirds of the hilltop has been irretrievably lost due to quarrying). Breedon Hill from the air looking southward. (Taken from http://www.geograph.org.uk/p/4597198 ©Anthony Parkes (2015) and licensed for reuse under CC BY-SA 2.0) The investigation, undertaken in spring 2016, combines gradiometer and earth resistance geophysical surveys, alongside digital terrain modelling (processed LIDAR data), to contribute to the understanding of the character and development of the hillfort interior. While previous excavations have sought to understand the development of the hillfort ramparts, little is known about the different phases of occupation at the hilltop, especially within the hillfort interior. The results of the geophysical surveys reveal several phases of roundhouses and post-built structures in the south-eastern part of the hillfort interior. The interpreted results are contextualised in relation to similar regional sites. An interpretation of a possible phase of occupation is made based on the results.

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-136
Author(s):  
Oliver Good ◽  
Richard Massey

Three individual areas, totalling 0.55ha, were excavated at the Cadnam Farm site, following evaluation. Area 1 contained a D-shaped enclosure of Middle Iron Age date, associated with the remains of a roundhouse, and a ditched drove-way. Other features included refuse pits, a four-post structure and a small post-built structure of circular plan. Area 2 contained the superimposed foundation gullies of two Middle Iron Age roundhouses, adjacent to a probable third example. Area 3 contained a small number of Middle Iron Age pits, together with undated, post-built structures of probable Middle Iron Age date, including a roundhouse and four and six-post structures. Two large boundary ditches extended from the south-west corner of Area 3, and were interpreted as the funnelled entrance of a drove-way. These contained both domestic and industrial refuse of the late Iron Age date in their fills.


Antiquity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (325) ◽  
pp. 880-883
Author(s):  
N. James

Diffusion of Mediterranean traits to central and north-western Europe during the middle Iron Age is a topic well rehearsed now by three generations of archaeologists. The stimulating recent exhibition Golasecca at the Musée d’Archéologie nationale in France, showed that – funds permitting – plenty of scope remains for research.Elaborately made imports, at for instance the Heuneburg, Vix or Hochdorf, have been interpreted as evidence for how aristocrats adopted Greek and Etruscan styles to reinforce their status and regional power between about 600 and 400 BC. Art historians revealed how their bronzesmiths responded selectively to templates from not only states to the south but also eastern nomads. Archaeologists worked out how goods were brought up the Rhône valley by the enterprising Greeks of Marseille or by the northerners themselves exploiting that colony. The ‘trade’ is thought to have encouraged development of social complexity. More recently, to demonstrate the recipients’ ‘agency’, attention has focused on potters’ responses, adoption of coinage and writing and ‘feasts’ for chiefs to show off ‘prestigious’ exotica to rivals, clients or tributaries. Similar models of trade, ‘appropriation’ and sociopolitical development have been developed for the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age.


2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-426
Author(s):  
Martina Blečić Kavur ◽  
Boris Kavur ◽  
Ranko Starac

The hoard from Moravička Sela in Gorski Kotar (Croatia), discovered thirty years ago, is a medium-sized hoard with a mixed composition, containing typologically different and differently preserved objects. With its defined, most likely reduced inventory, we have acquired a smaller number of tools and weapons, half products and items of symbolic importance. Its place of discovery could be included in the distribution of the hoards of the II Late Bronze Age horizon on the broader territory of Caput Adriae and its hinterland in the 13th and early 12th century BC. Its composition reflects, in particular, the cultural connections ranging from the south-eastern Alpine region to the wider Pannonian and Carpathian area. Therefore, the hoard from Moravička Sela can be interpreted as a materialized act of precisely determined cultural knowledge from a broader but contemporary cultural network of meaning.


2012 ◽  
Vol 34-35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héléna Gray ◽  
Ian Suddaby

Excavations at Coul Brae, Mosstodloch, Moray, revealed the remains of a multi-period site including two Early Neolithic pits containing large quantities of Carinated Bowl in the modified ‘North-East Style’, lithics, a broken saddle quern and charred oak. To the south of these features lay the remains of an Early to Middle Iron Age ring-ditch house. This contained few artefacts other than a saddle quern. Two other Iron Age features, one a possible bowl hearth and another pit containing burnt antler remains, were also excavated. An Early Historic cannel coal bangle was recovered from one of the Neolithic pits, and carbonised remains from another pit returned 1st Millennium AD dates. The excavations were conducted in advance of the proposed Fochabers to Mosstodloch bypass.


2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kaczmarek ◽  
Grzegorz Szczurek

In der Region Wielkopolska (Großpolen) befinden sich eine Reihe befestigter Siedlungen, die in die frühe Eisenzeit datieren und einzigartige Merkmale hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion, Genese und Chronologie aufweisen. Bedeutsam sind diese Siedlungsbefunde nicht nur im Blickwinkel der Vorgeschichte Polens, sondern auch im überregionalen Kontext. Die Deutung dieser Siedlungen, die bereits über längere Zeiträume im Mittelpunkt der Forschung standen und dabei unter verschiedenen räumlichen und fachspezifischen Fragestellungen betrachtet wurden, ist sehr unterschiedlich, wird in der Forschung jedoch als eher unbefriedigend angesehen. Neben jenen Siedlungen gibt es noch weitere Fundplätze, die jedoch zumeist in nur wenigen Kampagnen oder in vereinzelten Sondagen archäologisch untersucht wurden. Ausgenommen davon sind die Siedlungen Biskupin und Sobiejuchy. Auch die Ergebnisse jener Forschungen müssen unter verschiedenen Aspekten als wenig zufriedenstellend bezeichnet werden. Obgleich der Forschung heutzutage ein breites Spektrum fortschrittlicher und ausgefeilter Technologien für die Gewinnung absoluter Datierungen zur Verfügung steht, liegen doch für die hier betrachtete Region nur wenige Fakten zur Chronologie befestigter hallstattzeitlicher Siedlungen vor. Aus diesen Gründen begannen die Autoren ein Projekt zur Erarbeitung und Sammlung genau jener Schlüsselinformationen. Die wichtigsten Verfahren zur Gewinnung absoluter Daten waren dabei neben der Dendrochronologie Radiokarbonuntersuchungen an Hölzern, organischen Materialen aus den Kulturschichten sowie an osteologischem Material, ferner Lumineszenzuntersuchungen von Keramik. Ein weiterer wichtiger Baustein des Projekts bestand im Vergleich der auf diesem Weg gewonnenen Daten mit solchen aus traditionellen archäologischen Studien (etwa bezüglich der Änderung von Keramikstilen).Die Verfasser strebten außerdem an, die Entwicklung befestigter hallstattzeitlicher Siedlungen mit Hilfe der Fernerkundung, der Luftaufklärung, geophysikalischer Untersuchungen und digitaler Geländemodelle (Geomagnetik, 3D-Modellierungen, Orthofotografien) besser zu verstehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen vorläufigen Bericht über die entsprechenden Untersuchungen in Großpolen dar.Le caractère des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt dans la région de Wielkopolska est unique en ce qui concerne leur évolution interne, le rôle qu’ils ont pu remplir, leur origine et leur chronologie. Il s’agit d’un groupe de monuments fondamentaux, et leur étude dépasse le simple examen d’un aspect particulier de la préhistoire polonaise. Ces habitats, qui ont été étudiés au cours des ans de façon fort variable et sous des angles divers, sont mal connus, comme la littérature spécialisée l’a relevé depuis longtemps. Il existe, en dehors des sites fouillés au cours de longues campagnes pluriannuelles (tels Biskupin et Sobiejuchy), des sites qui n’ont fait l’objet que de courtes campagnes d’une ou deux saisons ou des sites ou seuls de petits sondages ont été faits. De plus, l’analyse des résultats de ces fouilles laisse en général aussi à désirer. Malgré les possibilités offertes par les nouvelles méthodes de datation absolue, notre connaissance des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt dans la région de Wielkopolska est encore fort maigre. Les auteurs ont ainsi initié un nouveau projet dont l’objectif est d’obtenir plus d’informations sur des aspects de ces habitats non explorés ou insuffisamment étudiés. La datation absolue par radiocarbone et par dendrochronologie (d’éléments structurels en bois, de matériel organique provenant de couches culturelles, d’ossements) et par luminescence (pour la céramique) constitue l’objectif principal de cette étude. De plus nous tentons d’établir des corrélations entre les dates obtenues et la masse de matériel archéologique récupéré afin de vérifier et de modifier les dates obtenues par les méthodes traditionnelles de datation (basée sur les changements typologiques de la céramique). Enfin, nous espérons obtenir des informations plus étendues sur l’évolution des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt de la région par l’application de méthodes de prospections telles la photographie aérienne, les prospections géophysiques, les modèles numériques de terrain (par magnétométrie, modèles en 3D, ortho-photographies). Notre article est un rapport préliminaire sur l’étude en cours des habitats fortifiés de Wielkopolska.The unique nature of the Early Iron Age fortified settlements of Wielkopolska, in terms of their internal development, alleged function, genesis and chronology, places them in a group of monuments that have a fundamental meaning. Studying these sites goes beyond understanding this particular aspect of Polish prehistory. The recognition of these settlements, studied over the years and considered under various spatial and subject-specific angles, is very uneven and, in general, unsatisfactory, as has long been pointed out in the literature. Apart from the sites explored in long-term excavation campaigns, there are sites where reconnaissance work was carried out over only one or two seasons (excepting Biskupin and Sobiejuchy) or where only sondages were made. Furthermore, the analysis of the results of these investigations is, in general, also fairly unsatisfactory. Despite the opportunities offered by the current methods of absolute dating, we still know very little about the chronology of the fortified Hallstatt settlements of Wielkopolska. Hence the authors have started a new project aimed at gathering key information that has not so far been obtained or that has been insufficiently investigated. The most important element is absolute dating by dendrochronological and radiocarbon methods (timber structural elements, organic material from culture layers, osteological material) and luminescence (ceramics). Another important aspect consists of attempts at correlating the absolute dates obtained with the mass of archaeological material to verify and modify the traditional dating methods (changes in pottery styles). Last but not least we aim to obtain broader information regarding the development of all Hallstatt fortified sites from the study area through remote sensing, which includes aerial reconnaissance, geophysical surveys, digital terrain models (magnetometry maps, 3D models, orthophotographs). This article is a preliminary report on the new investigations of the Wielkopolska fortified settlements currently being conducted by the authors.


1998 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 225-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Longley
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  

Excavations on the site of a rectangular earthwork at Bryn Eryr, Angelsey, have identified a sequence of occupation. In the Middle Iron Age a single clay-walled round-house stood within a timber stockade. By the later Iron Age a second house had been added, adjacent to the first, and these two houses became the focus of a planned settlement. A rectangular bank and ditch enclosure was established of 0.3 ha internal area. A yard developed in front of the houses, at the head of a trackway leading from the entrance. Rectangular post-built structures, perhaps granaries, were built and pits were dug to provide clay flooring and, perhaps, wall plastering for the houses. By the early 1st millennium AD the perimeter ditch had become choked with silt and the bank was eroding badly. A third house, with stone footings, was added to the south of the original two, one of which was by now out of use. Romano-British pottery, in small quantities but of good quality, was in use on the site. The farm appears to have been abandoned, after perhaps 700 years of development, during the late 3rd or 4th century AD.


Starinar ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Marko Dizdar ◽  
Asja Tonc

The focus of the paper is on bronze astragal belts in the south-eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, interpreted as part of the female costume. In particular, their production seems to have two peaks, one at the end of the Early Iron Age (6th-4th cent. BC) and another during the Late La T?ne period. However, there is a continuity of the form throughout the Late Iron Age. Requiring a significant amount of material and craftsmanship, these belts imply the presence of skilled artisans, as well as a supply network that enabled the production. A new typological and chronological assessment of the known examples allows not only a better understanding of the possible production areas of astragal belts, but also the social implications behind the organisation of production, offering also the possibility to better evaluate the role of this particular item as a part of the autochthonous female costume and identity.


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