Entrainment of Intestinal Slow Waves with Electrical Stimulation Using Intraluminal Electrodes

10.1114/1.294 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Lin ◽  
J. Hayes ◽  
L. J. Peters ◽  
J. D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves

scholarly journals Effects and mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on slow waves: a systematic canine study

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. R1392-R1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Geng-Qing Song ◽  
Jieyun Yin ◽  
Yong Lei ◽  
Jiande D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves ◽  
Canine Study ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

The aims of this study were to determine optimal pacing parameters of electrical stimulation on different gut segments and to investigate effects and possible mechanisms of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation on gut slow waves. Twelve female hound-mix dogs were used in this study. A total of six pairs of electrodes were implanted on the stomach, duodenum, and ascending colon. Bilateral truncal vagotomy was performed in six of the dogs. One experiment was designed to study the effects of the pacing frequency on the entrainment of gut slow waves. Another experiment was designed to study the modulatory effects of the vagal and sympathetic pathways on gastrointestinal pacing. The frequency of slow waves was 4.88 ± 0.23 cpm (range, 4–6 cpm) in the stomach and 19.68 ± 0.31 cpm (range, 18–22 cpm) in the duodenum. There were no consistent or dominant frequencies of the slow waves in the colon. The optimal parameters to entrain slow waves were: frequency of 1.1 intrinsic frequency (IF; 10% higher than IF) and pulse width of 150–450 ms (mean, 320.0 ± 85.4 ms) for the stomach, and 1.1 IF and 10–20 ms for the small intestine. Electrical stimulation was not able to alter colon slow waves. The maximum entrainable frequency was 1.27 IF in the stomach and 1.21 IF in the duodenum. Gastrointestinal pacing was not blocked by vagotomy nor the application of an α- or β-adrenergic receptor antagonist; whereas the induction of gastric dysrhythmia with electrical stimulation was completely blocked by the application of the α- or β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Gastrointestinal pacing is achievable in the stomach and small intestine but not the colon, and the maximal entrainable frequency of the gastric and small intestinal slow waves is about 20% higher than the IF. The entrainment of slow waves with gastrointestinal pacing is not modulated by the vagal or sympathetic pathways, suggesting a purely peripheral or muscle effect.

scholarly journals Triggering Slow Waves During NREM Sleep in the Rat by Intracortical Electrical Stimulation: Effects of Sleep/Wake History and Background Activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1921-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy ◽  
Ugo Faraguna ◽  
Chiara Cirelli ◽  
Giulio Tononi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Light Onset ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Local Field Potential Lfp

In humans, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow waves occur not only spontaneously but can also be induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Here we investigated whether slow waves can also be induced by intracortical electrical stimulation during sleep in rats. Intracortical local field potential (LFP) recordings were obtained from several cortical locations while the frontal or the parietal area was stimulated intracortically with brief (0.1 ms) electrical pulses. Recordings were performed in early sleep (1st 2–3 h after light onset) and late sleep (6–8 h after light onset). The stimuli reliably triggered LFP potentials that were visually indistinguishable from naturally occurring slow waves. The induced slow waves shared the following features with spontaneous slow waves: they were followed by spindling activity in the same frequency range (∼15 Hz) as spontaneously occurring sleep spindles; they propagated through the neocortex from the area of the stimulation; and compared with late sleep, waves triggered during early sleep were larger, had steeper slopes and fewer multipeaks. Peristimulus background spontaneous activity had a profound influence on the amplitude of the induced slow waves: they were virtually absent if the stimulus was delivered immediately after the spontaneous slow wave. These results show that in the rat a volley of electrical activity that is sufficiently strong to excite and recruit a large cortical neuronal population is capable of inducing slow waves during natural sleep.

Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in conscious guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. G92-G99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Galligan ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
J. B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves

Myoelectric activity was recorded from the gastric antrum and small intestine of conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs using bipolar Ag-Ag chloride electrodes that had been previously implanted under pentobarbital sodium/Innovar anesthesia. In fasted guinea pigs, the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was recorded from the small intestine and was observed to propagate aborally at a speed that declined with distance from the pylorus (range of speeds of the front of phase 3: 17.5 cm/min in the duodenum to 4.1 cm/min in the ileum). The complex was not disrupted by feeding but occurred less frequently in the freely fed state (82-min cycle period in the fasted state versus 139 min in the fed state). The complex started in the duodenum and was accompanied by a brief (6.3 +/- 0.9 min) period of inhibition of antral myoelectric activity. Slow waves were also recorded from the gastric antrum (10.3 +/- 1.3/min) and the small intestine. The frequency of intestinal slow waves was uniform along the length of the bowel (26.2 +/- 1.3/min in the duodenum to 24.7 +/- 1.3/min in the ileum). It is concluded that the guinea pig is similar to other mammalian species, so far examined, in its pattern of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity.

Effects of alterations in calcium levels on cat small intestinal slow waves

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. C7-C13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Mangel ◽  
J. A. Connor ◽  
C. L. Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves

Intact segments of cat intestinal muscle and strips of isolated longitudinal muscle were treated with agents that reduce intracellular calcium concentration: incubation in 0-calcium saline, treatment with calcium conductance blockers, elevated extracellular magnesium concentration, or alkalinization with NH4Cl. These treatments reduced amplitude and frequency of slow waves in intact segments but only reduced frequency in isolated longitudinal muscle. The reduction in frequency was characterized by prolongation of the hyperpolarized phase of the slow waves. Treatments that would moderately increase intracellular calcium concentration, i.e., increasing external calcium to four times normal levels or lowering pH by CO2, increased slow-wave frequency. Increased frequency was associated with reduced amplitude and shortening of the hyperpolarized phase of the slow waves. Greater than four times normal calcium levels and intense spiking reduced slow-wave frequency. Chlorotetracycline fluorescence, an indicator of intracellular calcium concentration, showed fluctuations synchronous with slow waves. It is concluded that the reactions that pace the generation of slow waves are dependent on the level of intracellular calcium.

Propagation and electrical entrainment of intestinal slow waves

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Specht ◽  
Alex Bortoff
Keyword(s):  
Slow Waves ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves

Electrical stimulation with pulse trains impairs gastric slow waves in dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A680
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Xu ◽  
Douglas Brining ◽  
Zhishun Wang ◽  
Lijie Wang ◽  
Jiande Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Pulse Trains ◽  
Gastric Slow Waves
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