Pulse Pressure Method and the Area Method for the Estimation of Total Arterial Compliance in Dogs: Sensitivity to Wave Reflection Intensity

10.1114/1.192 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Segers ◽  
Pascal Verdonck ◽  
Yvon Deryck ◽  
Serge Brimioulle ◽  
Robert Naeije ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Total Arterial Compliance ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method ◽  
Reflection Intensity

Total arterial compliance in dogs: The pulse pressure method versus the area method

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
P. Segers ◽  
P. Verdonck ◽  
Y. Deryck ◽  
S. Brimioulle ◽  
R. Naeije ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Total Arterial Compliance ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method

Use of pulse pressure method for estimating total arterial compliance in vivo

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. H424-H428 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stergiopulos ◽  
P. Segers ◽  
N. Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Total Arterial Compliance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method

We determined total arterial compliance from pressure and flow in the ascending aorta of seven anesthetized dogs using the pulse pressure method (PPM) and the decay time method (DTM). Compliance was determined under control and during occlusion of the aorta at four different locations (iliac, renal, diaphragm, and proximal descending thoracic aorta). Compliance of PPM gave consistently lower values (0.893 ± 0.015) compared with the compliance of DTM (means ± SE; r = 0.989). The lower compliance estimates by the PPM can be attributed to the difference in mean pressures at which compliance is determined (mean pressure, 81.0 ± 3.6 mmHg; mean diastolic pressure, over which the DTM applies, 67.0 ± 3.6 mmHg). Total arterial compliance under control conditions was 0.169 ± 0.007 ml/mmHg. Compliance of the proximal aorta, obtained during occlusion of the proximal descending aorta, was 0.100 ± 0.007 ml/mmHg. Mean aortic pressure was 80.4 ± 3.6 mmHg during control and 102 ± 7.7 mmHg during proximal descending aortic occlusion. From these results and assuming that upper limbs and the head contribute as little as the lower limbs, we conclude that 60% of total arterial compliance resides in the proximal aorta. When we take into account the inverse relationship between pressure and compliance, the contribution of the proximal aorta to the total arterial compliance is even more significant.

Measurement of total pulmonary arterial compliance using invasive pressure monitoring and MR flow quantification during MR-guided cardiac catheterization

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. H1301-H1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Muthurangu ◽  
David Atkinson ◽  
Maxime Sermesant ◽  
Marc E. Miquel ◽  
Sanjeet Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Total Arterial Compliance ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Pulmonary hypertensive disease is assessed by quantification of pulmonary vascular resistance. Pulmonary total arterial compliance is also an indicator of pulmonary hypertensive disease. However, because of difficulties in measuring compliance, it is rarely used. We describe a method of measuring pulmonary arterial compliance utilizing magnetic resonance (MR) flow data and invasive pressure measurements. Seventeen patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension or congenital heart disease requiring preoperative assessment underwent MR-guided cardiac catheterization. Invasive manometry was used to measure pulmonary arterial pressure, and phase-contrast MR was used to measure flow at baseline and at 20 ppm nitric oxide (NO). Total arterial compliance was calculated using the pulse pressure method (parameter optimization of the 2-element windkessel model) and the ratio of stroke volume to pulse pressure. There was good agreement between the two estimates of compliance ( r = 0.98, P < 0.001). However, there was a systematic bias between the ratio of stroke volume to pulse pressure and the pulse pressure method (bias = 61%, upper level of agreement = 84%, lower level of agreement = 38%). In response to 20 ppm NO, there was a statistically significant fall in resistance, systolic pressure, and pulse pressure. In seven patients, total arterial compliance increased >10% in response to 20 ppm NO. As a population, the increase did not reach statistical significance. There was an inverse relation between compliance and resistance ( r = 0.89, P < 0.001) and between compliance and mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( r = 0.72, P < 0.001). We have demonstrated the feasibility of quantifying total arterial compliance using an MR method.

Aortic function quantified: the heart's essential cushion

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Saouti ◽  
J. Tim Marcus ◽  
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf ◽  
Nico Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Aortic Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Compliance ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Local Compliance ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method

Arterial compliance is mainly determined by the elasticity of proximal large-conduit arteries of which the aorta is the largest contributor. Compliance forms an important part of the cardiac load and plays a role in organ (especially coronary) perfusion. To follow local changes in aortic compliance, as in aging, noninvasive determination of compliance distribution would be of great value. Our goal is to determine regional aortic compliance noninvasively in the human. In seven healthy individuals at six locations, aortic blood flow and systolic/diastolic area (ΔA) was measured with MRI. Simultaneously brachial pulse pressure (ΔP) was measured with standard cuff. With a transfer function we derived ΔP at the same aortic locations as the MRI measurements. Regional aortic compliance was calculated with two approaches, the pulse pressure method, and local area compliance (ΔA/ΔP) times segment length, called area compliance method. For comparison, pulse wave velocity (PWV) from local flows at two locations was determined, and compliance was derived from PWV. Both approaches show that compliance is largest in the proximal aorta and decreases toward the distal aorta. Similar results were found with PWV-derived compliance. Of total arterial compliance, ascending to distal arch ( segments 1–3) contributes 40% (of which 15% is in head and arms), descending aorta ( segments 4 and 5) 25%, and “hip, pelvic and leg arteries” 20%. Pulse pressure method includes compliance of side branches and is therefore larger than the area compliance method. Regional aortic compliance can be obtained noninvasively. Therefore, this technique allows following changes in local compliance with age and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Impedance and Wave Reflection in Mouse by Ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K Macgowan ◽  
Sarah Joy Stoops ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhou ◽  
Lindsay S Cahill ◽  
John G Sled
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Input Impedance ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Total Arterial Compliance ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Genetic and surgical mouse models are commonly used to study cerebrovascular disease, but their size makes invasive hemodynamic testing technically challenging. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a noninvasive measurement of cerebrovascular impedance and wave reflection in mice using high-frequency ultrasound in the left common carotid artery (LCCA), and to examine whether microvascular changes associated with hypercapnia could be detected with such an approach. Ten mice (C57BL/6J) were studied using a high-frequency ultrasound system (40 MHz). Lumen area and blood flow waveforms were obtained from the LCCA and used to calculate pulse-wave velocity, input impedance, and reflection amplitude and transit time under both normocapnic and hypercapnic (5% CO2) ventilation. With hypercapnia, vascular resistance was observed to decrease by 87%±12%. Although the modulus of input impedance was unchanged with hypercapnia, a phase decrease indicative of increased total arterial compliance was observed at low harmonics together with an increased reflection coefficient in both the time (0.57±0.08 versus 0.68±0.08, P=0.04) and frequency domains (0.62±0.08 versus 0.73±0.06, P=0.02). Interestingly, the majority of LCCA blood flow was found to pass into the internal carotid artery (range=76% to 90%, N=3), suggesting that hemodynamic measurements in this vessel are a good metric for intracerebral reactivity in mouse.

Pulmonary arterial compliance in dogs and pigs: the three-element windkessel model revisited

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. H725-H731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Segers ◽  
Serge Brimioulle ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos ◽  
Nico Westerhof ◽  
Robert Naeije ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Consistent Estimate ◽  
Windkessel Model ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Pulmonary Embolization ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Model C ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method

In six dogs and six weight-matched miniature pigs at baseline and after pulmonary embolization, pulmonary arterial compliance was determined using the pulse pressure method (CPPM), the three-element windkessel model (CWK-3), and the ratio of stroke volume to pulse pressure (SV/PP). CPPM was lower in pigs than in dogs at baseline (0.72 ± 0.23 vs. 1.14 ± 0.29 ml/mmHg, P < 0.05) and after embolism (0.37 ± 0.14 vs. 0.54 ± 0.16 ml/mmHg, P = 0.07) at matched flow, but not at matched flow and pressure. CPPM showed the expected inverse relation with pressure and a direct relation with flow. CWK-3 was closely correlated with CPPM, except for all dogs at baseline where CWK-3 was up to 100% higher than CPPM. Excluding these data, regression analysis yielded CWK-3 = −0.01 + 1.30 ⋅ CPPM( r 2 = 0.97). CWK-3 was found to be unreliable when input impedance first harmonic modulus was close to characteristic impedance, i.e., when reflections were small. SV/PP correlated well with CPPM (SV/PP = −0.10 + 1.76 ⋅ CPPM, r 2 = 0.89). We conclude that 1) CPPM is a consistent estimate of pulmonary arterial compliance in pigs and dogs, 2) CWK-3 and SV/PP overestimate compliance, and 3) CWK-3 is unreliable when wave reflections are small.

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