scholarly journals Effect of Molybdenum on The Activity of Molybdoenzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Iksat ◽  
S.B. Zhangazin ◽  
A.A. Madirov ◽  
R.T. Omarov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Exchange Property ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Redox Transitions ◽  
Physiological Tasks ◽  
Regulation Compliance ◽  
Redox Buffer

The soil is a reservoir of various contaminants with heavy metals and has a strong cation exchange property. Among these heavy metals, molybdenum is an essential element that is required in small quantities for optimal plant growth and development. This useful heavy metal performs several biochemical and physiological tasks in plants and is also considered as an important component of various cellular enzymes and is actively involved in redox reactions. Mononuclear molybdenum-containing enzymes, as a rule, have a certain conserved metal center, coordinated by one or two pyranopterins. The pyranopterin fragment plays a key role in the properties of the metal site in the group of mononuclear enzymes of molybdenum with various functions: coordination; stabilization and modulation of the redox transitions of the center, acting as a redox buffer; and for redox regulation/compliance in a variety of catalytic reactions. The coordination sphere of the metal is equipped with oxygen and/or sulfur, selenium atoms in various forms. Tungsten is an antagonist of molybdenum and inhibits molybdoenzymes. In the current review we elaborately reviewed various studies regarding heavy metals - molybdenum and tungsten, their uptake mechanism, essential transporters, and also discuss about the destructive properties of heavy metals in response to their concentration.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals: The Unexplored Role of Marine Sessile Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Camilla Roveta ◽  
Anna Annibaldi ◽  
Afghan Afghan ◽  
Barbara Calcinai ◽  
Cristina Gioia Di Camillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Current Review ◽  
European Water ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Sessile Organisms

Coastal areas are known to receive significant anthropogenic inputs, mainly deriving from metropolitan areas, industries, and activities related to tourism. Among these inputs, some trace elements are listed as priority pollutants in the European Water Framework Directive, due to their ability to bioaccumulate in organisms. Many studies have been conducted on heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and on their possible effects on different edible marine species. While the most studied sessile organisms are bivalves, in the current review, we focus our attention on other sessile taxa (sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, polychaetes, cirripeds, and tunicates), proposed as bioindicators in coastal shallow waters. Although their potential as bioindicator tools has been repeatedly highlighted in the literature, these organisms are still poorly investigated and considered for monitoring. In this context, we analyze the available literature about this topic, in order to summarize the current knowledge and identify possible applications of these organisms in a bioremediation scenario.

scholarly journals The Uptake Mechanism of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by Mycelia and Fruiting Bodies ofGalerina vittiformis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilna Damodaran ◽  
Raj Mohan Balakrishnan ◽  
Vidya K. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Analytical Tools

Optimum concentrations of heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, and zinc in soil are essential in carrying out various cellular activities in minimum concentrations and hence help in sustaining all life forms, although higher concentration of these metals is lethal to most of the life forms.Galerina vittiformis, a macrofungus, was found to accumulate these heavy metals into its fleshy fruiting body in the order Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cr(VI) from 50 mg/kg soil. It possesses various ranges of potential cellular mechanisms that may be involved in detoxification of heavy metals and thus increases its tolerance to heavy metal stress, mainly by producing organic acids and phytochelatins (PCs). These components help in repairing stress damaged proteins and compartmentalisation of metals to vacuoles. The stress tolerance mechanism can be deduced by various analytical tools like SEM-EDX, FTIR, and LC-MS. Production of two kinds of phytochelatins was observed in the organism in response to metal stress.

scholarly journals Arsenicals in Ayurveda – A Review through Brihatrayi

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanand Biradar ◽  
Swapnil Y Chaudhary ◽  
Galib R ◽  
Prajapati P K
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Integral Component

Metals and minerals including heavy metals like mercury, lead and arsenic are most frequently utilized in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Use of arsenicals is an integral component in Ayurvedic therapeutics. In Ayurveda, arsenicals comprise Haratala (Arsenic trisulphide), Manahshila (Arsenic disulphide) and Somala (Arsenic trioxide). They were widely practiced for various therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes by the seers in different pathological manifestations with great conviction. Classics of Brihatrayi, one of the scheduled books of Ayurveda also hold ample references of arsenicals in diseases like Hicca (hiccup), Shwasa (respiratory distress), Shotha (oedema), Visha (Poison) and Kushta (skin diseases) etc. In the current review, an attempt has been made to compile all such references of arsenicals referred in Brihatrayi.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Sulfur-Containing Small Biomolecules in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakai ◽  
Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Sulfur Transfer ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Sulfur is an essential element required for plant growth. It can be found as a thiol group of proteins or non-protein molecules, and as various sulfur-containing small biomolecules, including iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters, molybdenum cofactor (Moco), and sulfur-modified nucleotides. Thiol-mediated redox regulation has been well investigated, whereas biosynthesis pathways of the sulfur-containing small biomolecules have not yet been clearly described. In order to understand overall sulfur transfer processes in plant cells, it is important to elucidate the relationships among various sulfur delivery pathways as well as to investigate their interactions. In this review, we summarize the information from recent studies on the biosynthesis pathways of several sulfur-containing small biomolecules and the proteins participating in these processes. In addition, we show characteristic features of gene expression in Arabidopsis at the early stage of sulfate depletion from the medium, and we provide insights into sulfur transfer processes in plant cells.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of Pb and Cd in two impacted watersheds in Southeast Brazil, using the freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Lamarck, 1819) (Bivalvia : Mycetopodidae) as a biological monitor

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa C. Tomazelli ◽  
Luiz A. Martinelli ◽  
Wagner E. P. Avelar ◽  
Plínio B. de Camargo ◽  
Anne-Helene Fostier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Southeast Brazil

Studies were carried out to investigate the contamination of Piracicaba and Mogi-Guaçu River basins (São Paulo State, Southeastern, Brazil) for heavy metals (Cd and Pb), using the limnic bivalve Anodontites trapesialis as a biological monitor. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb were higher than the control group in both basins, showing the bioavailability of this non-essential element in the basins. The concentrations were higher in the Mogi-Guaçu than in the Piracicaba basin, and in the slightly contaminated sites in both basins. There was no correlation between the degree of human impact and Cd and Pb concentrations, it was not possible to infer about concentrations of these heavy metals in the bivalves based only in a broad evaluation of human impact.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Chitotriosidase Enzyme

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Elmonem ◽  
Lambertus P. van den Heuvel ◽  
Elena N. Levtchenko
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Health And Disease

Chitotriosidase enzyme (EC: 3.2.1.14) is the major active chitinase in the human body. It is produced mainly by activated macrophages, in which its expression is regulated by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Chitotriosidase was confirmed as essential element in the innate immunity against chitin containing organisms such as fungi and protozoa; however, its immunomodulatory effects extend far beyond innate immunity. In the current review, we will try to explore the expanding spectrum of immunological roles played by chitotriosidase enzyme in human health and disease and will discuss its up-to-date clinical value.

scholarly journals Influence of Heavy Metals on the Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Nascimento ◽  
Glauco Nogueira ◽  
Gabriel Monteiro ◽  
Waldemar Júnior ◽  
Joze Melissa Nunes de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Physiological System ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Contribution ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Metal

As an essential element, Nitrogen is needed in large quantities for being an important component of cellular constituents and for plant metabolism, and its deficiency is one of the most common limitations for plant development. The study of the toxic effects of metal in plants involves a complex system of reactions that can be better determined once having a large attention of the different backgrounds of occurence to determinate how to proceed. The objective of this review is to add scientific knowledge, addressing the main functionalities and characteristics of this relation heavy metals – nitrogen metabolism in plant. Increasing industrialization and urbanization had anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in biosphere and had largest availability in ecosystems. This toxicity in plants varies with plant species, specific metal, concentration, soil composition, as many heavy metals are considered to be essential for plant growth. Were provided data and reviews regarding the effect of heavy metals on nitrogen metabolism of plants and the responses of plants and the cross-talk of heavy metals and various stressors factors. Is clear to understand the relation between metals amount and the benefit or harm caused on plants, determining then, which mechanism should be activated to protect your physiological system.

scholarly journals The Geomicrobiology of Chromium (VI) Pollution: Microbial Diversity and its Bioremediation Potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Al-Battashi ◽  
Sanket J. Joshi ◽  
Bernhard Pracejus ◽  
Aliya Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Microbial Utilization ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Low Concentrations

The role and significance of microorganisms in environmental recycling activities marks geomicrobiology one of the essential branches within the environmental biotechnology field. Naturally occurring microbes also play geo-active roles in rocks, leading to biomineralization or biomobilization of minerals and metals. Heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr), are essential micronutrients at very low concentrations, but are very toxic at higher concentrations. Generally, heavy metals are leached to the environment through natural processes or anthropogenic activities such as industrial processes, leading to pollution with serious consequences. The presence of potentially toxic heavy metals, including Cr, in soils does not necessarily result in toxicity because not all forms of metals are toxic. Microbial interaction with Cr by different mechanisms leads to its oxidation or reduction, where its toxicity could be increased or decreased. Chromite contains both Cr(III) and Fe(II) and microbial utilization of Fe(II)- Fe(III) conversion or Cr (III) - Cr (VI) could lead to the break-down of this mineral. Therefore, the extraction of chromium from its mineral as Cr (III) form increases the possibility of its oxidation and conversion to the more toxic form (Cr (VI)), either biologically or geochemically. Cr (VI) is quite toxic to plants, animals and microbes, thus its levels in the environment need to be studied and controlled properly. Several bacterial and fungal isolates showed high tolerance and resistance to toxic Cr species and they also demonstrated transformation to less toxic form Cr (III), and precipitation. The current review highlights toxicity issues associated with Cr species and environmental friendly bioremediation mediated by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Application of Hydroxyapatite for the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Water Matrices

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6898
Author(s):  
Roxana Ioana Brazdis ◽  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
Sorin Marius Avramescu ◽  
Radu Claudiu Fierascu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Adsorbent Materials

Wastewater treatment remains a critical issue globally, despite various technological advancements and breakthroughs. The study of different materials and technologies gained new valences in the last years, in order to obtain cheap and efficient processes, to obtain a cleaner environment for future generations. In this context, the present review paper presents the new achievements in the materials domain with highlights on apatitic materials used for decontamination of water loaded with heavy metals. The main goal of this review is to present the adsorptive removal of heavy metals using hydroxyapatite-based adsorbents, offering a general overview regarding the recent progress in this particular area. Developing the current review, an attempt has been made to give appropriate recognition to the most recent data regarding the synthesis methods and targeted pollutants, including important information regarding the synthesis methods and precursors, morphological characteristics of the adsorbent materials and effectiveness of processes.

scholarly journals Review on the Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Malaysian Clams

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Faruk Hossen ◽  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
Md. Rezaur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Pb Contamination ◽  
Current Review

The current review discusses the levels of six heavy metals in different clam species from 34 sites of Malaysian coasts. The concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of these heavy metals ranged around 0.18–8.51, 0.13–17.20, 2.17–7.80, 0.84–36.00, 24.13–368.00, and 177.82–1912.00 for Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe, respectively. It was observed that the concentrations of metals slightly depend on different clam species but mostly depend on site locations. According to Malaysian Food Regulation (1985), about 30% and more than 50% sites are safe from Cd and Pb contamination, respectively, and also the clam species from the other populations studied were safe for consumption.

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