scholarly journals Catecholamine exocytosis during low frequency stimulation in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells is primarily asynchronous and controlled by the novel mechanism of Ca2+syntilla suppression

2014 ◽  
Vol 592 (21) ◽  
pp. 4639-4655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Lefkowitz ◽  
Valerie DeCrescenzo ◽  
Kailai Duan ◽  
Karl D. Bellve ◽  
Kevin E. Fogarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

scholarly journals Low-Frequency Stimulation Prevents Kindling-Induced Impairment through the Activation of the Endocannabinoid System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sina Khajei ◽  
Khadijeh Esmaeilpour ◽  
Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh ◽  
Vahid Sheibani ◽  
Soheila Rezakhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Ca1 Area

Background. Cannabinoid system affects memory and has anticonvulsant effects in epileptic models. In the current study, the role of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors was investigated in amelioration of the effects of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on learning and memory impairments in kindled rats. Methods. Electrical stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 area was employed to kindle the animals. LFS was applied to the CA1 area in four trials following the last kindling stimulation. One group of animals received intraperitoneal injection of AM251 (0.1 μg/rat), a CB1 receptor antagonist, before the LFS application. Similarly, CB1 agonist WIN55-212-2 (WIN) was administrated to another group prior to LFS. The Morris water maze (MWM) and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests were executed 48 h after the last kindling stimulation to assess learning and memory. Results. Applying LFS in the kindled+LFS group restored learning and memory impairments in the kindled rats. There was a significant difference between the kindled and the kindled+LFS groups in learning and memory. The application of AM251 reduced the LFS effects significantly. Adversely, WIN acted similarly to LFS and alleviated learning and memory deficits in the kindled+WIN group. In addition, WIN did not counteract the LFS enhancing effects in the KLFS+WIN group. Conclusions. Improving effects of LFS on learning and memory impairments are mediated through the activation of the endocannabinoid (ECB) system.

Preconditioning stimuli that augment chromaffin cell secretion

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. C792-C800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tapia ◽  
Josefina García-Eguiagaray ◽  
Antonio G. García ◽  
Luis Gandía
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Chromaffin Cell ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin ◽  
Sympathetic Discharge ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have investigated here whether a preconditioned stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors augmented the catecholamine release responses elicited by supramaximal 3-s pulses of 100 μM acetylcholine (100ACh) or 100 mM K+ (100K+) applied to fast-perifused bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Threshold concentrations of nicotine (1–3 μM) that caused only a tiny secretion did, however, augment the responses elicited by 100ACh or 100K+ by 2- to 3.5-fold. This effect was suppressed by mecamylamine and by Ca2+ deprivation, was developed with a half-time ( t1/2) of 1 min, and was reversible. The nicotine effect was mimicked by threshold concentrations of ACh, choline, epibatidine, and oxotremorine-M but not by methacholine. Threshold concentrations of K+ caused lesser potentiation of secretion compared with that of threshold nicotine. The data are compatible with an hypothesis implying 1) that continuous low-frequency sympathetic discharge places chromaffin cells at the adrenal gland in a permanent “hypersensitive” state; and 2) this allows an explosive secretion of catecholamines by high-frequency sympathetic discharge during stress.

Morphological Observations on the Granule Types in Rabbit Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Robert D. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Extra-adrenal chromaffin organs (abdominal paraganglia) constitute rich sources of catecholamines. It is believed that these bodies contain norepinephrine exclusively. However, the present workers recently observed epinephrine type granules in para- ganglion cells. This report investigates catecholamine containing granules in rabbit paraganglia at the ultrastructural level.New Zealand white rabbits (150-170 grams) were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg Nembutal (IP) and perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M sodium phosphate, pH 7.3. The retroperitoneal tissue blocks were removed and placed in perfusion fluid for 4 hours. The abdominal paraganglia were dissected from the blocks, diced, washed in phosphate buffer and fixed in 1% osmic acid buffered with phosphate. In other animals, the glutaraldehyde perfused tissue blocks were immersed for 1 hour in 3% glutaraldehyde/2.5% potassium iodate buffered as before. The paraganglia were then diced, separated into two vials and washed in the buffer. A portion of this tissue received osmic acid fixation.

scholarly journals Stimulatory effect of serotonin on Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in culture

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Kazuo Minakuchi ◽  
Hitoshi Houchi ◽  
Masanori Yoshizumi ◽  
Yasuko Ishimura ◽  
Kyoji Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin

Fatigue and damage to the masseter muscle by prolonged low-frequency stimulation in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konosuke Yamasaki ◽  
Shuitsu Harada ◽  
Itsuro Higuchi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Osame ◽  
Gakuji Ito
Keyword(s):  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation
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