scholarly journals The role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the regulation of cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious normal and heart failure sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 591 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Ramchandra ◽  
Sally G. Hood ◽  
Robert Frithiof ◽  
Michael J. McKinley ◽  
Clive N. May
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

scholarly journals Role of the hypothalamic PVN in the regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood flow during hyperthermia and in heart failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. F839-F846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Badoer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is a key integrative area in the brain involved in influencing sympathetic nerve activity and in the release of hormones or releasing factors that contribute to regulating body fluid homeostasis and endocrine function. The endocrine and hormonal regulatory function of the paraventricular nucleus is well studied, but the regulation of sympathetic nerve activity and blood flow by this region is less clear. Here we review the critical role of the paraventricular nucleus in regulating renal blood blow during hyperthermia and the evidence pointing to an important pathophysiological role of the paraventricular nucleus in the elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity that is a characteristic of heart failure.

scholarly journals Enhanced angiotensin-mediated excitation of renal sympathetic nerve activity within the paraventricular nucleus of anesthetized rats with heart failure

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. R1364-R1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Yi-Fan Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kaushik P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Chronic heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased sympathetic drive. Enhanced angiotensin II (ANG II) activity may contribute to the increased sympathoexcitation under HF condition. The present study examined sympathoexcitation by 1) the effects of ANG II in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and 2) the altered ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor expression during HF. Left coronary artery ligation was used to induce HF. In the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, microinjection of ANG II (0.05–1 nmol) into the PVN increased RSNA, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) in both sham-operated and HF rats. The responses of RSNA and HR were significantly enhanced in rats with HF compared with sham rats (RSNA: 64 ± 8% vs. 33 ± 4%, P < 0.05). Microinjection of AT1 receptor antagonist losartan into the PVN produced a decrease of RSNA, MAP, and HR in both sham and HF rats. The RSNA and HR responses to losartan in HF rats were significantly greater (RSNA: −25 ± 4% vs. −13 ± 1%, P < 0.05). Using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that there were significant increases in the AT1 receptor mRNA (Δ186 ± 39%) and protein levels (Δ88 ± 20%) in the PVN of rats with HF ( P < 0.05). The immunofluorescence of AT1 receptors was significantly higher in the PVN of rats with HF. These data support the conclusion that an increased angiotensinergic activity on sympathetic regulation, due to the upregulation of ANG II AT1 receptors within the PVN, may contribute to the elevated sympathoexcitation that is observed during HF.

scholarly journals Angiotensin receptor antagonist improves cardiac reflex control of renal sodium handling in heart failure

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. H636-H641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Dibona ◽  
Susan Y. Jones ◽  
Linda L. Sawin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renal Sodium Handling ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

In rats with congestive heart failure, type 1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist treatment (losartan) decreases basal renal sympathetic nerve activity and improves arterial baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity. This investigation examined the effect of losartan on cardiac baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal sodium handling in rats with congestive heart failure. Losartan treatment decreased arterial pressure from 120 ± 3 to 93 ± 5 mmHg and increased the afferent (from 0.95 ± 0.21 to 2.22 ± 0.42% Δafferent vagal nerve activity/mmHg mean right atrial pressure, P < 0.05) and overall gain (from −1.14 ± 0.19 to −4.20 ± 0.39% Δrenal sympathetic nerve activity/mmHg mean right atrial pressure, P < 0.05) of the cardiac baroreflex. During isotonic saline volume loading, urinary sodium excretion increased from 2.4 ± 0.8 to 10.5 ± 1.3 μeq/min in vehicle-treated rats (excretion of 52 ± 3% of the load) and from 3.0 ± 1.0 to 15.1 ± 1.8 μeq/min in losartan-treated rats (excretion of 65 ± 4% of the load, P < 0.05). When rats were changed from a low- to a high-sodium diet, cumulative sodium balance over 5 days was 7.8 ± 0.6 meq in vehicle-treated rats and 4.2 ± 0.4 meq in losartan-treated rats ( P < 0.05). In congestive heart failure, losartan treatment improved cardiac baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity, which was associated with improved ability to excrete acute and chronic sodium loads.

scholarly journals Responses mediated by the RVLM on splancnic and renal sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Arruda Carillo ◽  
Paulo J.F Tucci ◽  
Ednei L Antonio ◽  
Alexandra A Santos ◽  
Cassia T Bergamaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

scholarly journals Baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in early heart failure assessed by the sequence method

2017 ◽  
Vol 595 (11) ◽  
pp. 3319-3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Lataro ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Virgilio Silva ◽  
Carlos Alberto Aguiar Silva ◽  
Helio Cesar Salgado ◽  
Rubens Fazan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sequence Method ◽  
Renal Sympathetic
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