scholarly journals Antagonism of rat orexin receptors by almorexant attenuates central chemoreception in wakefulness in the active period of the diurnal cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 588 (15) ◽  
pp. 2935-2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihua Li ◽  
Eugene Nattie
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Central Chemoreception

scholarly journals Mechanism of Orographic Precipitation around the Meghalaya Plateau Associated with Intraseasonal Oscillation and the Diurnal Cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 2451-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Sato
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Intraseasonal Oscillation ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Orographic Precipitation ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Inactive Period

Abstract Mesoscale processes that cause tremendous amounts of precipitation around the Meghalaya Plateau, northeast India, were investigated using a regional atmospheric model, with a particular focus on the possible role of an intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and the diurnal cycle. A numerical experiment was conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) to simulate a prominent submonthly-scale ISO event observed during June–July 2004. A WRF experiment successfully simulated the timing and magnitude of precipitation during the first active period and subsequent inactive period of the ISO, despite large biases in the second active period. The WRF experiment revealed that the magnitude of prevailing southwesterly winds in the lower troposphere differs significantly between active and inactive periods; strong southwesterly flow transports abundant moisture to the southern slope of the Meghalaya Plateau during the active period, which triggers forced lifting and brings orographic precipitation. However, low-level wind during the inactive period is too weak to overcome the vertical stratification barrier; hence, it is unable to reach the condensation level. The WRF experiment suggested that the diurnal cycle of precipitation is enhanced during the active period, exhibiting an evening to early morning maximum, as observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The experiment also indicated a prominent nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) appearing at 900 hPa. The direction of the LLJ varies clockwise with time, which accelerates the preexisting southwesterly flow during 1800–0600 LT. The diurnal variation of the LLJ is responsible for the evening to early morning maximum of precipitation, thus contributing to the precipitation variability in the ISO.

Energy Saving Scheme with an Extra Active Period for LAN Switches

2010 ◽  
Vol E93-B (12) ◽  
pp. 3542-3554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi TAMURA ◽  
Ritsuko TOMIHARA ◽  
Yutaka FUKUDA ◽  
Kenji KAWAHARA ◽  
Yuji OIE
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Active Period

scholarly journals The quality of life in Chinese juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: psychometric properties of the pediatric quality of life inventor generic core scales and rheumatology module

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-hong Wu ◽  
Feng-qi Wu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jian-ming Lai ◽  
Gai-xiu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Generic Core Scale ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Pedsql 4.0 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may seriously affects patients’ quality of life (QoL), but it was rarely focused and studied in China, so we explore JIA children’s QoL using Chinese version of the PedsQL4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale, and analyzed the psychometric properties of these two Scales among Chinese JIA children. Methods We recruited 180 JIA patients from Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics and Hebei Yanda Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019. The questionnaires include information related on JIA, PedsQL4.0 generic core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scales. According to the disease type, onset age of and course of JIA, we divided them into different groups, then compared the QoL status among different groups. Moreover, we analyzed the reliability and validity of these two scales in these 180 JIA children. Results The mean score of PedsQL4.0 generic core scale on these 180 patients was 82.85 ± 14.82, for these in active period was 72.05 ± 15.29, in remission period was 89.77 ± 9.23; the QoL score of systemic, polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients were 77.05 ± 19.11, 84.33 ± 12.46 and 87.12 ± 10.23. The mean score of PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale on 180 patients was 91.22 ± 9.45, for these in active period was 84.70 ± 11.37, in remission period was 95.43 ± 4.48; the QoL score of systemic, polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients were 89.41 ± 11.54, 89.38 ± 10.08 and 93.71 ± 6.92. In the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core scale, the α coefficients of total scale and almost every dimension are all greater than 0.8 except for the school activity dimension of 0.589; the correlation coefficients of 22 items’ scores (total 23 items) with the scores of dimensions they belong to are greater than 0.5 (maximum value is 0.864), and the other one is 0.406. In PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale, except for the treatment and worry dimensions of 0.652 and 0.635, the α coefficients of other dimensions and the total scale are all greater than 0.7; the correlation coefficients of all items’ score were greater than 0.5 (the maximum is 0.933, the minimum is 0.515). Conclusions The QoL of Chinese JIA children is worse than their healthy peers, these in active period and diagnosed as systemic type were undergoing worst quality of life. The reliability and validity of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale in Chinese JIA children are satisfactory, and can be used in clinical and scientific researches.

scholarly journals A comparison of ship and satellite measurements of cloud properties with global climate model simulations in the southeast Pacific stratus deck

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 6527-6536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Brunke ◽  
S. P. de Szoeke ◽  
P. Zuidema ◽  
X. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Cloud Fraction ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Cloud Thickness

Abstract. Here, liquid water path (LWP), cloud fraction, cloud top height, and cloud base height retrieved by a suite of A-train satellite instruments (the CPR aboard CloudSat, CALIOP aboard CALIPSO, and MODIS aboard Aqua) are compared to ship observations from research cruises made in 2001 and 2003–2007 into the stratus/stratocumulus deck over the southeast Pacific Ocean. It is found that CloudSat radar-only LWP is generally too high over this region and the CloudSat/CALIPSO cloud bases are too low. This results in a relationship (LWP~h9) between CloudSat LWP and CALIPSO cloud thickness (h) that is very different from the adiabatic relationship (LWP~h2) from in situ observations. Such biases can be reduced if LWPs suspected to be contaminated by precipitation are eliminated, as determined by the maximum radar reflectivity Zmax>−15 dBZ in the apparent lower half of the cloud, and if cloud bases are determined based upon the adiabatically-determined cloud thickness (h~LWP1/2). Furthermore, comparing results from a global model (CAM3.1) to ship observations reveals that, while the simulated LWP is quite reasonable, the model cloud is too thick and too low, allowing the model to have LWPs that are almost independent of h. This model can also obtain a reasonable diurnal cycle in LWP and cloud fraction at a location roughly in the centre of this region (20° S, 85° W) but has an opposite diurnal cycle to those observed aboard ship at a location closer to the coast (20° S, 75° W). The diurnal cycle at the latter location is slightly improved in the newest version of the model (CAM4). However, the simulated clouds remain too thick and too low, as cloud bases are usually at or near the surface.

scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding regulates circadian rhythm of murine uterine clock

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hosono ◽  
Masanori Ono ◽  
Takiko Daikoku ◽  
Michihiro Mieda ◽  
Satoshi Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background Skipping breakfast is associated with dysmenorrhea in young women. This suggests that the delay of food intake in the active phase impairs uterine functions by interfering with circadian rhythms. Objective To examine the relationship between the delay of feeding and uterine circadian rhythms, we investigated the effects of the first meal occasion in the active phase on the uterine clock. Methods Zeitgeber time (ZT) was defined as ZT 0 (8:45) with lights on and ZT 12 (20:45) with lights off. Young female mice (8 weeks of age) were divided into 3 groups: group I (ad-libitum feeding), group II (time-restricted feeding during ZT12–16, initial 4 hours of the active period), and group III (time-restricted feeding during ZT20–24, last 4 hours of the active period, a breakfast-skipping model). After two weeks of dietary restriction, mice in each group were sacrificed at 4-hour intervals and the expression profiles of uterine clock genes, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, and Cry1, were examined. Results qPCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated synchronized circadian clock gene expression within the uterus. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that Bmal1 protein expression was synchronized among the endometrium and myometrium. In groups I and II, mRNA expression of Bmal1 was elevated after ZT12 at the start of the active phase. In contrast, Bmal1 expression was elevated just after ZT20 in group III, showing that the uterine clock rhythm had shifted 8 hours backward. The changes in Bmal1 protein expression were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conclusion This study is the first to indicate that time-restricted feeding regulates a circadian rhythm of the uterine clock that is synchronized throughout the uterine body. These findings suggest that the uterine clock system is a new candidate to explain the etiology of breakfast skipping-induced uterine dysfunction.

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