scholarly journals Intercostal muscle blood flow limitation in athletes during maximal exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (14) ◽  
pp. 3665-3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vogiatzis ◽  
Dimitris Athanasopoulos ◽  
Helmut Habazettl ◽  
Wolfgang M. Kuebler ◽  
Harrieth Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow Limitation

Costal vs. crural diaphragmatic blood flow during submaximal and near-maximal exercise in ponies

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Crural Diaphragm

The present study was carried out 1) to compare blood flow in the costal and crural regions of the equine diaphragm during quiet breathing at rest and during graded exercise and 2) to determine the fraction of cardiac output needed to perfuse the diaphragm during near-maximal exercise. By the use of radionuclide-labeled 15-micron-diam microspheres injected into the left atrium, diaphragmatic and intercostal muscle blood flow was studied in 10 healthy ponies at rest and during three levels of exercise (moderate: 12 mph, heavy: 15 mph, and near-maximal: 19-20 mph) performed on a treadmill. At rest, in eucapnic ponies, costal (13 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 g-1) and crural (13 +/- 2 ml.min-1.100 g-1) phrenic blood flows were similar, but the costal diaphragm received a much larger percentage of cardiac output (0.51 +/- 0.12% vs. 0.15 +/- 0.03% for crural diaphragm). Intercostal muscle perfusion at rest was significantly less than in either phrenic region. Graded exercise resulted in significant progressive increments in perfusion to these tissues. Although during exercise, crural diaphragmatic blood flow was not different from intercostal muscle blood flow, these values remained significantly less (P less than 0.01) than in the costal diaphragm. At moderate, heavy, and near-maximal exercise, costal diaphragmatic blood flow (123 +/- 12, 190 +/- 12, and 245 +/- 18 ml.min-1.100 g-1) was 143%, 162%, and 162%, respectively, of that for the crural diaphragm (86 +/- 10, 117 +/- 8, and 151 +/- 14 ml.min-1.100 g-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Respiratory muscle blood flows during physiological and chemical hyperpnea in the rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Poole ◽  
William L. Sexton ◽  
Bradley J. Behnke ◽  
Christine S. Ferguson ◽  
K. Sue Hageman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Vasodilator Reserve ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Crural Diaphragm

Whether the diaphragm retains a vasodilator reserve at maximal exercise is controversial. To address this issue, we measured respiratory and hindlimb muscle blood flows and vascular conductances using radiolabeled microspheres in rats running at their maximal attainable treadmill speed (96 ± 5 m/min; range 71–116 m/min) and at rest while breathing either room air or 10% O2-8% CO2 (balance N2). All hindlimb and respiratory muscle blood flows measured increased during exercise ( P < 0.001), whereas increases in blood flow while breathing 10% O2-8% CO2 were restricted to the diaphragm only. During exercise, muscle blood flow increased up to 18-fold above rest values, with the greatest mass specific flows (in ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 100 g−1) found in the vastus intermedius (680 ± 44), red vastus lateralis (536 ± 18), red gastrocnemius (565 ± 47), and red tibialis anterior (602 ± 44). During exercise, blood flow was higher ( P < 0.05) in the costal diaphragm (395 ± 31 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 100 g−1) than in the crural diaphragm (286 ± 17 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 100 g−1). During hypoxia+hypercapnia, blood flows in both the costal and crural diaphragms (550 ± 70 and 423 ± 53 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 100 g−1, respectively) were elevated ( P < 0.05) above those found during maximal exercise. These data demonstrate that there is a substantial functional vasodilator reserve in the rat diaphragm at maximal exercise and that hypoxia + hypercapnia-induced hyperpnea is necessary to elevate diaphragm blood flow to a level commensurate with its high oxidative capacity.

Effects of high-intensity sprint training on skeletal muscle blood flow in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Musch ◽  
J. A. Terrell ◽  
M. R. Hilty
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Abdominal Region

The regional blood flow response (via radioactive microspheres) was determined for female rats after 6 wk of high-intensity sprint training (HIST) or limited cage activity as the animals exercised at work loads that would elicit maximal O2 uptake. Blood flow to the different organs of the abdominal region was greatly reduced during maximal exercise conditions, and the magnitude of the reduction appeared to be similar for both the HIST group of rats and their sedentary (SED) control counterparts. Of the 20 different hindlimb muscles examined in the present study, blood flow to the soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, flexor hallicus longus, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and adductor magnus and brevis muscles was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the HIST rats during maximal exercise conditions than in the SED control rats. Correspondingly, blood flow to the total hindlimb during maximal exercise was also significantly greater in the HIST rats than in the SED control rats [240 +/- 18 vs. 192 +/- 15 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1]. These results support the contention that the increase in maximal cardiac output that is produced by HIST in the rat is primarily directed toward the working skeletal muscle and not toward the organs found in the abdominal region. We conclude from these experiments that HIST will produce significant adaptations in central cardiac function and skeletal muscle blood flow in the rat.

scholarly journals Expiratory muscle loading increases intercostal muscle blood flow during leg exercise in healthy humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Athanasopoulos ◽  
Zafeiris Louvaris ◽  
Evgenia Cherouveim ◽  
Vasilis Andrianopoulos ◽  
Charis Roussos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Expiratory Flow

We investigated whether expiratory muscle loading induced by the application of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in healthy subjects causes a reduction in quadriceps muscle blood flow in favor of the blood flow to the intercostal muscles. We hypothesized that, during exercise with EFL quadriceps muscle blood flow would be reduced, whereas intercostal muscle blood flow would be increased compared with exercise without EFL. We initially performed an incremental exercise test on eight healthy male subjects with a Starling resistor in the expiratory line limiting expiratory flow to ∼ 1 l/s to determine peak EFL exercise workload. On a different day, two constant-load exercise trials were performed in a balanced ordering sequence, during which subjects exercised with or without EFL at peak EFL exercise workload for 6 min. Intercostal (probe over the 7th intercostal space) and vastus lateralis muscle blood flow index (BFI) was calculated by near-infrared spectroscopy using indocyanine green, whereas cardiac output (CO) was measured by an impedance cardiography technique. At exercise termination, CO and stroke volume were not significantly different during exercise, with or without EFL (CO: 16.5 vs. 15.2 l/min, stroke volume: 104 vs. 107 ml/beat). Quadriceps muscle BFI during exercise with EFL (5.4 nM/s) was significantly ( P = 0.043) lower compared with exercise without EFL (7.6 nM/s), whereas intercostal muscle BFI during exercise with EFL (3.5 nM/s) was significantly ( P = 0.021) greater compared with that recorded during control exercise (0.4 nM/s). In conclusion, increased respiratory muscle loading during exercise in healthy humans causes an increase in blood flow to the intercostal muscles and a concomitant decrease in quadriceps muscle blood flow.

Intercostal muscle blood flow is elevated in old rats during submaximal exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
K. Sue Hageman ◽  
Craig A. Harms ◽  
David C. Poole ◽  
Timothy I. Musch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Old Rats

scholarly journals Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Harms ◽  
Mark A. Babcock ◽  
Steven R. McClaran ◽  
David F. Pegelow ◽  
Glenn A. Nickele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Arterial Blood

Harms, Craig A., Mark A. Babcock, Steven R. McClaran, David F. Pegelow, Glenn A. Nickele, William B. Nelson, and Jerome A. Dempsey.Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.82(5): 1573–1583, 1997.—We hypothesized that during exercise at maximal O2 consumption (V˙o 2 max), high demand for respiratory muscle blood flow (Q˙) would elicit locomotor muscle vasoconstriction and compromise limb Q˙. Seven male cyclists (V˙o 2 max 64 ± 6 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) each completed 14 exercise bouts of 2.5-min duration atV˙o 2 max on a cycle ergometer during two testing sessions. Inspiratory muscle work was either 1) reduced via a proportional-assist ventilator, 2) increased via graded resistive loads, or 3) was not manipulated (control). Arterial (brachial) and venous (femoral) blood samples, arterial blood pressure, leg Q˙ (Q˙legs; thermodilution), esophageal pressure, and O2 consumption (V˙o 2) were measured. Within each subject and across all subjects, at constant maximal work rate, significant correlations existed ( r = 0.74–0.90; P < 0.05) between work of breathing (Wb) and Q˙legs (inverse), leg vascular resistance (LVR), and leg V˙o 2(V˙o 2 legs; inverse), and between LVR and norepinephrine spillover. Mean arterial pressure did not change with changes in Wb nor did tidal volume or minute ventilation. For a ±50% change from control in Wb,Q˙legs changed 2 l/min or 11% of control, LVR changed 13% of control, and O2extraction did not change; thusV˙o 2 legschanged 0.4 l/min or 10% of control. TotalV˙o 2 max was unchanged with loading but fell 9.3% with unloading; thusV˙o 2 legsas a percentage of totalV˙o 2 max was 81% in control, increased to 89% with respiratory muscle unloading, and decreased to 71% with respiratory muscle loading. We conclude that Wb normally incurred during maximal exercise causes vasoconstriction in locomotor muscles and compromises locomotor muscle perfusion andV˙o 2.

Inspiratory and expiratory muscle perfusion in maximally exercised ponies

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Expiratory Muscles

The present study was carried out on seven healthy ponies to examine the extent of blood flow in various inspiratory and expiratory muscles at rest and during maximal exertion as well as to determine the proportion of cardiac output needed to perfuse respiratory muscles during these conditions. Tissue blood flow was studied with 15 micron-diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres injected into the left ventricle during steady conditions. The inspiratory and expiratory muscles comprised 2.41 and 3.05% of body weight, respectively, and received 6.17 and 3.75% of the cardiac output at rest. With maximal exercise, heart rate (from 55 +/- 3 to 218 +/- 4 beats/min), mean aortic pressure (from 125 +/- 5 to 170 +/- 6 mmHg), and cardiac output (from 96 +/- 11 to 730 +/- 78 ml.min-1.kg-1) increased markedly. During exercise blood flow increased significantly in all respiratory muscles (P less than 0.0001) as vascular resistance decreased precipitously. Marked heterogeneity of perfusion existed among various inspiratory as well as expiratory muscles during exercise. Among the inspiratory muscles, the highest perfusion occurred in the diaphragm followed by serratus ventralis, and among the expiratory muscles, the highest perfusion occurred in the internal oblique abdominis and the transverse thoracis (triangularis sterni). Collectively, the inspiratory (8.44%) and expiratory (6.35%) muscle blood flow comprised 14.8 +/- 1.2% of the cardiac output during maximal exercise, a significant increase above resting value, whereas renal fraction of cardiac output decreased from 21% (at rest) to 0.72%.

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