scholarly journals Postsynaptic action of GABA in modulating sensory transmission in co-cultures of rat carotid body via GABAAreceptors

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Katherine Clarke ◽  
Huijun Zhong ◽  
Cathy Vollmer ◽  
Colin A. Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Sensory Transmission ◽  
Postsynaptic Action

Oxygen sensing by the carotid body chemoreceptors

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanduri R. Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sensory Transmission ◽  
Carotid Body Chemoreceptors

Carotid bodies are sensory organs that detect changes in arterial blood oxygen, and the ensuing reflexes are critical for maintaining homeostasis during hypoxemia. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made toward understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying oxygen sensing at the carotid body. The purpose of this minireview is to highlight some recent concepts on sensory transduction and transmission at the carotid body. A bulk of evidence suggests that glomus (type I) cells are the initial site of transduction and that they release transmitters in response to hypoxia, which causes depolarization of nearby afferent nerve endings, leading to an increase in sensory discharge. There are two main hypotheses to explain the transduction process that triggers transmitter release. One hypothesis assumes that a biochemical event associated with a heme protein triggers the transduction cascade. The other hypothesis suggests that a K+ channel protein is the oxygen sensor and that inhibition of this channel by hypoxia leading to depolarization is a seminal event in transduction. Although there is body of evidence supporting and questioning each of these, this review will try to point out that the truth lies somewhere in an interrelation between the two. Several transmitters have been identified in glomus cells, and they are released in response to hypoxia. However, their precise roles in sensory transmission remain uncertain. It is hoped that future studies involving transgenic animals with targeted disruption of genes encoding transmitters and their receptors may resolve some of the key issues surrounding the sensory transmission at the carotid body. Further studies are necessary to identify whether a single sensor or multiple oxygen sensors are needed for the transduction process.

Fine Structure of Carotid Body: Normal and Anoxic Cats

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Fadhil Al-Lami ◽  
R.G. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Glomus Cells ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Carotid Bodies

Although the fine structure of the carotid body has been described in several recent reports, uncertainties remain, and the morphological effects of anoxia on the carotid body cells of the cat have never been reported. We have, therefore, studied the fine structure of the carotid body both in normal and severely anoxic cats, and to test the specificity of the effects, have compared them with the effects on adrenal medulla, kidney, and liver of the same animals. Carotid bodies of 50 normal and 15 severely anoxic cats (9% oxygen in nitrogen) were studied. Glutaraldehyde followed by OsO4 fixations, Epon 812 embedding, and uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining, were the technics employed.We have called the two types of glomus cells enclosed and enclosing cells. They correspond to those previously designated as chemoreceptor and sustentacular cells respectively (1). The enclosed cells forming the vast majority, are irregular in shape with many processes and occasional peripheral densities (Fig. 1).

Onyx Embolization of Carotid Body Paragangliomas: An Adjunct to Safe and Effective Surgical Resection

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Albuquerque ◽  
Cameron McDougall ◽  
Robert Spetzler ◽  
Andrew Ducruet ◽  
Webster Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Carotid Body

Presentation with Personality changes and Tinnitus to a Vascular Intervention: Rare case of Carotid Body Paraganglioma

2018 ◽  
pp. e000109
Author(s):  
Ahsan Zil-E-Ali ◽  
Zubair Ahmed ◽  
Amber Ehsan Faquih ◽  
Muhammad Ishaq ◽  
Muhammad Aadil
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Vascular Surgeon ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Tender Mass ◽  
Carotid Body Tumors ◽  
General Physical

Background: Carotid body paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms of chromaffin negative glomus cells. This case report explains an atypical case with unusual presentation and treatment. Case Report: A healthy smoker technician by profession was brought to the emergency room (ER) with coprolalia. The general physical exam did not reveal any information. His history revealed unilateral tinnitus and odynophagia leading to a consultation by the neurologist with head imaging. Acoustic neuroma was ruled out and the caregiver was asked to elaborate the events mentioned in the history and a psychiatric examination was done. The personality changes were evaluated by the psychiatrist that showed overlapping of delirium and depression. The patient was further examined by a vascular surgeon. After careful revisiting of the history, examination and indication of tender mass in the neck by the patient's vascular surgeon, the diagnosis of carotid body paraganglioma was made which was followed by surgical resection for treatment. Conclusion: Carotid Body Paragangliomas are very vascular structures and their manipulation in a surgery setting requires expertise. This case presented with personality changes and tinnitus, a very less likely event to occur in a carotid body tumor. The present care report, thus adds on to the literature of carotid body tumors and its presenting symptoms.

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