scholarly journals Intra-carotid hyperosmotic stimulation increases Fos staining in forebrain organum vasculosum laminae terminalis neurones that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

2008 ◽  
Vol 586 (21) ◽  
pp. 5231-5245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Shi ◽  
Michelle A. Martinez ◽  
Alfredo S. Calderon ◽  
Qinghui Chen ◽  
J. Thomas Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Organum Vasculosum Laminae Terminalis ◽  
Organum Vasculosum

Increases in brain and cardiac AT1 receptor and ACE densities after myocardial infarct in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. H1665-H1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Tan ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Frans H. H. Leenen
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Subfornical Organ ◽  
Preoptic Nucleus ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Organum Vasculosum Laminae Terminalis ◽  
Organum Vasculosum ◽  
The Brain

In the brain, ouabain-like compounds (OLC) and the reninangiotensin system (RAS) contribute to sympathetic hyperactivity in rats after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to evaluate changes in components of the central vs. the peripheral RAS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor binding densities were determined by measuring 125I-labeled 351A and 125I-labeled ANG II binding 4 and 8 wk after MI. In the brain, ACE and AT1 receptor binding increased 8–15% in the subfornical organ, 14–22% in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, 20–34% in the paraventricular nucleus, and 13–15% in the median preoptic nucleus. In the heart, the greatest increase in ACE and AT1 receptor binding occurred at the infarct scar (∼10-fold) and the least in the right ventricle (2-fold). In kidneys, ACE and AT1 receptor binding decreased 10–15%. After intracerebroventricular infusion of Fab fragments to block brain OLC from 0.5 to 4 wk after MI, increases in ACE and AT1 receptors in the subfornical organ, organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, and medial preoptic nucleus were markedly inhibited, and ACE and AT1 receptor densities in the heart increased less (6-fold in the infarct scar). In kidneys, decreases in ACE and AT1 receptor binding were absent after treatment with Fab fragments. These results demonstrate that ACE and AT1 receptor binding densities increase not only in the heart but also in relevant areas of the brain of rats after MI. Brain OLC appears to play a major role in activation of brain RAS in rats after MI and, to a modest degree, in activation of the cardiac RAS.

scholarly journals Orexin depolarizes rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. R1114-R1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Shirasaka ◽  
Satoshi Miyahara ◽  
Takato Kunitake ◽  
Qing-Hua Jin ◽  
Kazuo Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Bath Application

Orexins, also called hypocretins, are newly discovered hypothalamic peptides that are thought to be involved in various physiological functions. In spite of the fact that orexin receptors, especially orexin receptor 2, are abundant in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the effects of orexins on PVN neurons remain unknown. Using a whole cell patch-clamp recording technique, we investigated the effects of orexin-B on PVN neurons of rat brain slices. Bath application of orexin-B (0.01–1.0 μM) depolarized 80.8% of type 1 ( n = 26) and 79.2% of type 2 neurons tested ( n = 24) in the PVN in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of orexin-B persisted in the presence of TTX (1 μM), indicating that these depolarizing effects were generated postsynaptically. Addition of Cd2+(1 mM) to artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing TTX (1 μM) significantly reduced the depolarizing effect in type 2 neurons. These results suggest that orexin-B has excitatory effects on the PVN neurons mediated via a depolarization of the membrane potential.

Effect of different types of stressors on peptide messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ceccatelli ◽  
Catello Orazzo
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Different Types

Using in situ hybridization we have studied the effects of different types of stressors, such as ether, immobilization, cold and swimming, on the expression of several peptide messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of adult male rats. Paraventricular nucleus sections were hybridized using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to mRNA for corticotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A clear upregulation of neurotensin mRNA was seen after ether and, to a lesser extent, after immobilization stress, whereas after the two other stressors neurotensin mRNA was undetectable, as in control rats. An increase in enkephalin mRNA was observed in a selective region of the dorsal part of the medioparvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus only after ether and immobilization stress. No significant changes were seen in corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in any of the experimental paradigms. The present results show selective changes for various peptide mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus after various types of stress. Significant effects could be demonstrated only on neurotensin and enkephalin mRNA after ether and immobilization stress. This suggests that adaptive changes in the rate of synthesis, processing and transport of the peptide may develop over a longer period of time.

β-Adrenoceptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulate the baroreflex in conscious rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Ying-Shun Li ◽  
De-Lai Qiu ◽  
Hua Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Conscious Rats

Norepinephrine regulates arginine vasopressin secretion in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus relating with pain modulation

Neuropeptides ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hui-Feng Yuan ◽  
Wen-Yan Liu ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Jian-Peng Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion
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