scholarly journals Slow- and fast-twitch rat hind limb skeletal muscle phenotypes 8 months after spinal cord transection and olfactory ensheathing glia transplantation

2008 ◽  
Vol 586 (10) ◽  
pp. 2593-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Negredo ◽  
José-Luis L. Rivero ◽  
Beatriz González ◽  
Almudena Ramón-Cueto ◽  
Rafael Manso
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Glia ◽  
Fast Twitch

Long-term effects of spinal cord transection on fast and slow rat skeletal muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Lieber ◽  
Carina B. Johansson ◽  
H.L. Vahlsing ◽  
Alan R. Hargens ◽  
Earl R. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle

scholarly journals Insulin-sensitive regulation of glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle of GLUT1 transgenic mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 337 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garret J. ETGEN ◽  
William J. ZAVADOSKI ◽  
Geoffrey D. HOLMAN ◽  
E. Michael GIBBS
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glut4 Translocation ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

Skeletal muscle glucose transport was examined in transgenic mice overexpressing the glucose transporter GLUT1 using both the isolated incubated-muscle preparation and the hind-limb perfusion technique. In the absence of insulin, 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake was increased ∼ 3–8-fold in isolated fast-twitch muscles of GLUT1 transgenic mice compared with non-transgenic siblings. Similarly, basal glucose transport activity was increased ∼ 4–14-fold in perfused fast-twitch muscles of transgenic mice. In non-transgenic mice insulin accelerated glucose transport activity ∼ 2–3-fold in isolated muscles and to a much greater extent (∼ 7–20-fold) in perfused hind-limb preparations. The observed effect of insulin on glucose transport in transgenic muscle was similarly dependent upon the technique used for measurement, as insulin had no effect on isolated fast-twitch muscle from transgenic mice, but significantly enhanced glucose transport in perfused fast-twitch muscle from transgenic mice to ∼ 50–75% of the magnitude of the increase observed in non-transgenic mice. Cell-surface glucose transporter content was assessed via 2-N-4-(l-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis-(d -mannos-4-yloxy)-2-propylamine photolabelling methodology in both isolated and perfused extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Cell-surface GLUT1 was enhanced by as much as 70-fold in both isolated and perfused EDL of transgenic mice. Insulin did not alter cell-surface GLUT1 in either transgenic or non-transgenic mice. Basal levels of cell-surface GLUT4, measured in either isolated or perfused EDL, were similar in transgenic and non-transgenic mice. Interestingly, insulin enhanced cell-surface GLUT4 ∼ 2-fold in isolated EDL and ∼ 6-fold in perfused EDL of both transgenic and non-transgenic mice. In summary, these results reveal differences between isolated muscle and perfused hind-limb techniques, with the latter method showing a more robust responsiveness to insulin. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that muscle overexpressing GLUT1 has normal insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and the ability to augment glucose-transport activity above the elevated basal rates.

scholarly journals Noradrenergic innervation of the rat spinal cord caudal to a complete spinal cord transection: Effects of olfactory ensheathing glia

2010 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Takeoka ◽  
Marc D. Kubasak ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
Jennifer Kaplan ◽  
Roland R. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Noradrenergic Innervation ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Glia

Metabolism of rat skeletal muscle after spinal cord transection

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1561-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Durozard ◽  
Christine Gabrielle ◽  
Gabriel Baverel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle

Expression of Titin in Skeletal Muscle Varies with Hind-Limb Unloading

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Kasper ◽  
Lin Xun
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Hind Limb Unloading ◽  
Antibody Localization

The effects of prolonged hind-limb unloading on titin antibody localization and expression of titin isozymes of single fibers from the synergistic slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch plantaris (PLN) of adult rats were studied after 14 and 28 days of hind-limb unloading (HU). Titin antibody localization and expression was not altered at 14 days of HU. However, there was a 4% loss in antibody to Z-band distance (Ab-Z) in the SOL and an increase of 8% in PLN Ab-Z after 28 days of HU. The titin and myosin heavy chain composition of single fibers and small bundles of fibers from control and unloaded muscles were examined using 2% to 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There was a marked loss of relative amounts of titin in both SOL and PLN following 28 days of HU. As the protein loads for these measures were identical, the authors conclude that these findings represent an actual loss of titin density rather than a decreased value due to a loss of total muscle mass. Laser scanning densitometry of the titin bands show a marked decrease in density and molecular weight in unloaded SOL. In the PLN, marked losses of titin density were accompanied by decreased electrophoretic motility. The results demonstrate that the titin isoform composition and titin antibody localization of skeletal muscle is altered during hind-limb unloading. Furthermore, as titin is responsible for positional stability of the sarcomere and the fiber during contraction, change in isoforms during HU may predispose atrophied muscle to injury during reuse and recovery.

Long-term effects of spinal cord transection on fast and slow rat skeletal muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Lieber ◽  
Jan O. Fridén ◽  
Alan R. Hargens ◽  
Earl R. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle

Early effects of spinal cord transection on skeletal muscle properties

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Kelley ◽  
Satra Nim ◽  
Guy Rousseau ◽  
Jonathon R. Fowles ◽  
René J.L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Properties

Modulation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activity affects muscle mass and could have a role in the reduction of muscle mass observed following spinal cord transection (Tx). The aims of this study were to examine the early acute effects of Tx on muscle mass, total and myofibrillar protein concentrations, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and β-AR density of skeletal muscle, to ascertain if any change in muscle properties could be related to β-AR signalling events. Female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 33; ~255 g) were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: control 4 d, control 8 d, Tx 4 d, and Tx 8 d. A complete Tx was performed surgically at the T10 cord level. Compared with controls, muscle mass and muscle – body mass ratios decreased significantly following Tx, with no significant change observed in total and myofibrillar protein concentrations. Spinal cord Tx also resulted in a significant decrease in plantaris cytochrome c oxidase activity by 24% at Tx 4 d and 28% at Tx 8 d (p < 0.05). β-AR density of the lateral gastrocnemius was unchanged; however, the β-AR density of the forelimb triceps brachii m. was found to increase after Tx. Our results suggest that changes in muscle mass and cytochrome c oxidase activity rapidly occur after Tx and do not appear to be related to changes in β-AR density.

scholarly journals Combination of epidural spinal cord stimulation and treadmill training with body weight support attenuates spasticity in adult rats with spinal cord transection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Saito ◽  
Masao Koda ◽  
Takeo Furuya ◽  
Yasushi Iijima ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation

Abstract Background The neural control of rhythmical hindlimb locomotion is known to be organized by a central pattern generator (CPG) in the lumbar enlargement. In the previous report, epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for CPG with treadmill training facilitated restoration of locomotion in patient with motor incomplete spinal cord injury. However, the precise mechanism of improvement is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate efficacy and molecular mechanism of SCS with treadmill training. Methods Ten female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were housed with food and water under a 12 h/12 h light-dark cycle. We performed spinal cord transection at the T8-T9 level. After two weeks, the rats were divided into SCS group and control group. The rats in SCS group were performed implantation of an electrode at L2 level. SCS and body weight support treadmill training were performed for 30 minutes per day, 5 days per weeks, for 4 weeks. The rats in the control group were performed treadmill training without stimulation for same period. We evaluated hind-limb locomotor function by using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score. We also assessed resistance force for full extension of hindlimb as evaluation of spasticity. For histological examination, we performed immunostaining for glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) of lumbar enlargement after behavioral assessment. Results There was no significant difference of BBB score between two groups, but spasticity of hind-limb in SCS group was significantly reduced. Histological assessment revealed that expression of GAD65 tended to increase in the SCS group Conclusions SCS ameliorated hindlimb spasticity. It was suggested that up-regulation of GAD65 involved suppression of spasticity.

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