scholarly journals Similar nociceptive afferents mediate psychophysical and electrophysiological responses to heat stimulation of glabrous and hairy skin in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 577 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Iannetti ◽  
L. Zambreanu ◽  
I. Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Hairy Skin ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Nociceptive Afferents ◽  
Stimulation Of

Central command, but not muscle reflex, stimulates cutaneous sympathetic efferents of cats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. H1552-H1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeen M. Hill ◽  
Marc P. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Muscle Afferents ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Hairy Skin ◽  
Sympathetic Efferents ◽  
Muscle Reflex ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Sympathetic Discharge ◽  
Stimulation Of

We determined the effects of stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) and the muscle reflex, each evoked separately, on the discharge of cutaneous sympathetic fibers innervating the hairy skin of decerebrate cats. Electrical stimulation of the MLR was performed while the cats were paralyzed with vecuronium bromide. The muscle reflex was evoked while the cats were not paralyzed by electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at current intensities that did not activate directly group III and IV muscle afferents. MLR stimulation increased, on average, the discharge of the 23 cutaneous sympathetic fibers tested ( P < 0.05). The muscle reflex, in contrast, had no overall effect on the discharge of 21 sympathetic fibers tested ( P > 0.05). Both maneuvers markedly increased mean arterial pressure and heart rate ( P < 0.05). Prevention of the baroreceptor reflex with the α-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine did not reveal a stimulatory effect of the muscle reflex on cutaneous sympathetic discharge. We conclude that the MLR is a more important mechanism than is the muscle reflex in controlling sympathetic discharge to hairy skin during dynamic exercise.

Effect of Delaying Addition of Heat Stimulated Superplasticizer on Fresh Properties of Mortar

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zabihollah Tahery ◽  
Faraidoon Rahmanzai ◽  
Shigeyuki Date
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acid ◽  
Fresh Properties ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

To assure the quality and required workability of mortar or concrete, various types of superplasticizers are used. There are many factors affecting the performance of superplasticizers explicitly, type and dosage of the superplasticizers, type of cement, temperature and mixing procedure, as well as the addition times of the superplasticizers. Some researchers investigated the effect of delaying the addition time of superplasticizer to mortar or concrete, but there is not enough data about the effect of external temperature on performance of superplasticizers and consequent influences on fresh properties of mortar or concrete. In this research the effect of delaying the addition time of superplasticizers and influence of external temperature, namely, heat stimulation of superplasticizers, on fluidity, fresh density and air content of fresh cement mortar was investigated. Two types of Precast and Ready-Mix of Polycarboxylic acid-based ether superplasticizers with Ordinary Portland Cement was used. Delaying the addition time of superplasticizers enhanced the fluidity, slightly decreased the fresh density and increased the air content of mortar in comparison with simultaneous addition time with both heated and non-heated Superplasticizers.

scholarly journals In the Yeast Heat Shock Response, Hsf1-Directed Induction of Hsp90 Facilitates the Activation of the Slt2 (Mpk1) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Required for Cell Integrity

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Truman ◽  
Stefan H. Millson ◽  
James M. Nuttall ◽  
Mehdi Mollapour ◽  
Chrisostomos Prodromou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Hsp90 Expression ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Heat Activation ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Yeast is rendered temperature sensitive with loss of the C-terminal (CT) domain of heat shock transcription factor (Hsf1). This domain loss was found to abrogate heat stimulation of Slt2 (Mpk1), the mitogen-activated protein kinase that directs the reinforced cell integrity gene expression needed for high-temperature growth. In Hsf1 CT domain-deficient cells, Slt2 still undergoes Mkk1/2-directed dual-Thr/Tyr phosphorylation in response to the heat stimulation of cell integrity pathway signaling, but the low Hsp90 expression level suppresses any corresponding increase in Slt2 kinase activity due to Slt2 being a “client” of the Hsp90 chaperone. A non-Hsf1-directed Hsp90 overexpression restored the heat induction of Slt2 activity in these cells, as well as both Slt2-dependent (Rlm1, Swi4) and Slt2-independent (MBF) transcriptional activities. Their high-temperature growth was also rescued, not just by this Hsp90 overexpression but by osmotic stabilization, by the expression of a Slt2-independent form of the Rlm1 transcriptional regulator of cell integrity genes, and by a multicopy SLT2 gene vector. In providing the elevated Hsp90 needed for an efficient activation of Slt2, heat activation of Hsf1 indirectly facilitates (Slt2-directed) heat activation of yet another transcription factor (Rlm1). This provides an explanation as to why, in earlier transcript analysis compared to chromatin immunoprecipitation studies, many more genes of yeast displayed an Hsf1-dependent transcriptional activation by heat than bound Hsf1 directly. The levels of Hsp90 expression affecting transcription factor regulation by Hsp90 client protein kinases also provides a mechanistic model for how heat shock factor can influence the expression of several non-hsp genes in higher organisms.

Fabrication of precisely aligned microwire and microchannel structures: Toward heat stimulation of guided neurites in neuronal cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (9) ◽  
pp. 1600729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka My Dang ◽  
Philipp Rinklin ◽  
Jan Schnitker ◽  
Bastian Haberkorn ◽  
Kathrin Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Inhibition of the human primary motor area by painful heat stimulation of the skin

1999 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Valeriani ◽  
Domenico Restuccia ◽  
Vincenzo Di Lazzaro ◽  
Antonio Oliviero ◽  
Paolo Profice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Area ◽  
Primary Motor Area ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

‘Sliffer's Patches’ and the Thermal Sense in Acrididae (Orthoptera)

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-498
Author(s):  
P. MAKINGS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Hot Probe ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Marked Tendency ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The term ‘Slifer's patches’ is applied in this paper to the series of specialized areas of cuticle which Slifer named ‘antennal crescents’ and ‘fenestrae’. None of the existing evidence supports her suggestion that these patches have a thermoreceptive function. Behaviour changes caused by damaging them can be reproduced by damaging other parts of the cuticle. The antennal-lowering response is not dependent upon stimulation of the patch situated near the antennal base. 2. Destruction of all of the patches does not reduce the ability of locusts to orientate to, and assume the basking posture under the influence of, a lamp; nor does it reduce their ability to respond similarly to a heat source in darkness and with a cooled floor on which the locusts move. It does not change the leaning response produced by heat stimulation of decapitated locusts. 3. The antennal scape and articular membrane are more effective in producing an antennal-lowering response when stimulated by a hot probe than are the antennal patches or adjacent areas. 4. The median response-time for kicking of the hind legs in response to the local application of a hot probe to the abdomen is shorter when the probe is applied to a part of the normal cuticle than when it is applied to a patch. 5. The antenna, including the flagellum, is sensitive to heat. Stimulation of the distal part of the flagellum by means of a hot wire produced an avoiding response when the wire temperature rose above 40° C. 6. If one antenna is removed locusts in arena tests show a marked tendency to turn the intact side of the body away from a lamp, or a heat source in darkness. Locusts with both antennae removed show a reduced tendency to akinesis under the influence of a heat source in darkness. 7. The detection by locusts of heat stimulation at intensities above the nociceptive threshold may depend on a sensory system which is at least partly distinct from that involved at lower intensities.

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